scholarly journals Hepatic Metabolic Profile Reveals the Adaptive Mechanisms of Ewes to Severe Undernutrition during Late Gestation

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Xue ◽  
Changzheng Guo ◽  
Fan Hu ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Shengyong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The mechanisms underlying the adaption of liver metabolism to the undernutrition in ewes during late gestation remain unclear. This research aimed to explore the adaptive mechanisms of liver metabolism by hepatic metabolome analysis in pregnant ewes to the negative energy balance induced by severe feed restriction. Twenty ewes carrying multiple fetuses and gestating for 115 days were fed normally or restricted to a 30% feed level (10 ewes in each group) for 15 days. All ewes were sacrificed and hepatic samples were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both the principal components analysis and partial least squares of discriminant analysis of hepatic metabolites showed the clear separation between ewes in the control and severely feed-restricted groups. The metabolic profile demonstrated that the proportions of differential metabolites between the two groups in fatty acids and lipids, organic acids, and amino acids and derivatives were 61.11%, 16.67%, and 11.11%, respectively. Enriched pathways of differential metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acids and amino acids metabolism and biosynthesis. Correlation networks of differential metabolites revealed that general metabolic pattern was changed apparently and mainly based on fatty acids and lipids in the livers of feed-restricted ewes. The accumulation and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids were intensified in the livers of feed-restricted ewes, while those of medium-chain fatty acids were the opposite. In general, severe feed restriction significantly affected the levels of hepatic metabolites and altered the overall metabolic pattern. Furthermore, fatty acids oxidation as well as the utilization of amino acids and organic acids were intensified to adapt to the negative energy balance during late gestation.

INDUCEMENT OF KETOTIC SYMPTOMS IN LACTATING COWS BY REDUCING THEIR PLANE OF NUTRITION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Made In

Seven Holstein cows were fed on a high plane of nutrition prior to calving and for 14 days post-calving. They were then gradually restricted over a period of seven days to a ration consisting of low quality chopped hay. Six of the seven cows exhibited symptoms similar to those described for ketosis, beginning on the third or fourth day of feed restriction and increasing in severity until the seventh day of restriction. Decreasing plane of nutrition resulted in milk yield decreasing from 26.0 to 15.6 kg per day and milk protein percent from 3.30 to 3.00, while acetylcarnitine content of the milk increased from 0.109 to 0.158 μmoles/ml. Plasma-free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate increased, while glucose decreased, with the reduction in feed intake. From the observations made in this trial and using the recommended Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (NRC), it was estimated that blood ketotic symptoms approach the clinical level when the cow is in a negative energy balance in the range of 7.2 to 10.8 Mcal per day.

Dynamics of productivity and indicators of functional homeostasis of lactating cows when supplements based on natural zeolites enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids are introduced into the diet

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
K. Leshchukov ◽  
V. Masalov ◽  
N. Yarovan ◽  
M. Kotаlnikova ◽  
A. Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Purpose: to study the effect of feeding lactating cows with a feed additive enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids of plant origin on the indicators of functional homeostasis, productivity and quality characteristics of milk.Materials and methods. Research and production tests were carried out on the basis of the OS "Streletskaya" branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Legumes and Groats". To conduct scientific and production tests, 2 groups of cows of 3-4 lactation were formed, 70 heads each. The groups were formed on the principle of analogous pairs.The cows of the experimental group, starting from the second day after calving, in the morning, once a day, received a granulated feed additive "ZEO-AMINO" (Russia) fraction 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the ration daily for the first 100 days lactation. Experimental animals were monitored daily. Clinical examination of animals was carried out with obligatory control of the general condition, thermometry, counting of respiratory movements and rumen contractions, assessment of the udder condition. The productivity of cows was determined according to the results of control milking. Morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed.Results. It was revealed that the daily use of a granular feed additive of fraction 0.2-0.7 mm, starting from the second day after calving, once a day at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet during the first 100 days of lactation, contributes to an increase in the average daily milk yield of cows on average by 15.9%; by 7 months lactation, an increase in the average daily milk yield was established by an average of 18.3%. It was found that feeding the supplement to cows after calving due to better absorption of nitrogen in the diet and accumulation of proteins in the animal's body allows partially neutralizing the negative consequences of negative energy balance after calving, and contributes to a more intensive recovery of live weight loss, which is reliably confirmed by indicators of animal productivity. The results of a biochemical blood test suggest that the use of a feed supplement in obtaining milk has a positive effect on the assimilation of the diet, metabolism and assimilation processes in the body, activates a number of vital functions during the normal course of physiological processes and ensuring functional homeostasis, which ultimately determines increasing the milk production of animals. Analysis of the quality indicators of milk allows us to conclude that the mass fraction of fat when feeding the additive increased by an average of 0.12 abs. %; the mass fraction of protein increased by an average of 0.22 abs.%.Conclusion. To increase milk productivity, reduce the negative effects of negative energy balance after calving, and more intensively restore body weight loss, as well as increase the efficiency of using feed proteins and normalize metabolic processes, it is recommended that daily use of the feed granulated dietary supplement "ZEO-AMINO" fraction in the diets of dairy cows 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet, starting from the second day after calving, once a day during the first 100 days of lactation.

The influence of the drug «Protamine standard» on reproductive qualities of bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
V. E. Podol'nikov ◽  
◽  
M. M. Lugovoy ◽  
Yu. V. Petrova ◽  
I. S. Lugovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Products

Material for research served as the integrated fodder additive «Protamine standard». The feed additive «Protamilon standard » prevents a negative energy balance in cattle; increases blood glucose levels, contributing to an additional influx of amino acids; helps to optimize metabolic processes, as well as the replenishment of PSA and prevention of ketosis by stabilizing the sugarprotein ratio and energy balance; is an alternative to expensive energy products. Against the background of the use of bypass additives, an increase in the live weight of bulls was noted, which characterizes their development and improvement of reproductive abilities, which can be realized by using high-quality feed and analyzing and optimizing diets.

scholarly journals Calorie Restriction Modulates Reproductive Development and Energy Balance in Pre-Pubertal Male Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Rizzoto ◽  
Deepa Sekhar ◽  
Jacob C. Thundathil ◽  
Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽  
John P. Kastelic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective was to determine effects of feed restriction and refeeding on reproductive development and energy balance in pre-pubertal male rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32, 24 days old, ~65 g), were randomly allocated into four treatments (n = 8/treatment): (1) Control (CON, ad libitum feed; (2) Mild Restriction (MR, rats fed 75% of CON consumption); (3) Profound Restriction (PR, 50% of CON consumption); or (4) Refeeding (RF, 50% restriction for 14 days, and then ad libitum for 7 days). Feed restriction delayed reproductive development and decreased energy balance and tissue accretion, with degree of reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions related to restriction severity. In RF rats, refeeding largely restored testis weight, sperm production (per gram and total), plasma IGF-1, leptin and insulin concentrations and energy expenditure, although body composition did not completely recover. On Day 50, more CON and RF rats than PR rats were pubertal (5/6, 4/5 and 1/6, respectively; plasma testosterone >1 ng/mL) with the MR group (4/6) not different. Our hypothesis was supported: nutrient restriction of pre-pubertal rats delayed reproductive development, induced negative energy balance and decreased metabolic hormone concentrations (commensurate with restriction), whereas short-term refeeding after profound restriction largely restored reproductive end points and plasma hormone concentrations, but not body composition.

scholarly journals Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 10009-10021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andres Contreras ◽  
Kyan Thelen ◽  
Sarah E. Schmidt ◽  
Clarissa Strieder-Barboza ◽  
Courtney L. Preseault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Adipose Tissue Remodeling

Changes in the metabolic profile of pregnant ewes to an acute feed restriction in late gestation

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cal-Pereyra ◽  
A Benech ◽  
JR González-Montaña ◽  
J Acosta-Dibarrat ◽  
S Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Feed Restriction

1154 Feed restriction-induced negative energy balance alters the fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue and milk fat of dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 553-554
Author(s):  
S. E. Schmidt ◽  
K. M. Thelen ◽  
C. L. Preseault ◽  
G. A. Contreras ◽  
A. L. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

scholarly journals Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6180
Author(s):  
Litao Sun ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Dexin Ma ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cow Manure

Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.

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