scholarly journals Creep Buckling of 304 Stainless-Steel Tubes Subjected to External Pressure for Nuclear Power Plant Applications

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongnam Jo ◽  
Koji Okamoto ◽  
Naoto Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Tube ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
Creep Buckling ◽  
Buckling Failure

The creep-buckling behaviors of cylindrical stainless-steel tubes subjected to radial external pressure load at elevated temperatures—800, 900, and 1000 °C—were experimentally investigated. Prior to the creep-buckling tests, the buckling pressure was measured under each temperature condition. Then, in creep-buckling experiments, the creep-buckling failure time was measured by reducing the external pressure load for two different tube specimens—representing the first and second buckling modes—to examine the relationship between the external pressure and the creep-buckling failure time. The measured failure time ranged from <1 min to <4 h under 99–41% loading of the buckling pressure. Additionally, an empirical correlation was developed using the Larson–Miller parameter model to predict the long-term buckling time of the stainless-steel tube column according to the experimental results. Moreover, the creep-buckling processes were recorded by two high-speed cameras. Finally, the characteristics of the creep buckling under radial loading were discussed with regard to the geometrical imperfections of the tubes and the material properties of the stainless steel at the high temperatures.

Creep Buckling and Post Buckling Behaviors of Stainless Steel Tube Columns Under External Pressure at Extremely High Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongnam Jo ◽  
Koji Okamoto ◽  
Naoto Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Stainless Steel Tube ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Additional Heating ◽  
Creep Buckling ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Buckling Failure

Creep buckling failure of a stainless steel tube column was investigated at three temperature conditions (800, 900, and 1000 °C). 304 grade stainless steel was used as a test material in this study. In creep tests, external pressure was increased to a target value, temperature of the tube column was quickly increased to a target temperature, and failure time was measured maintaining the pressure and the temperature. Based on the experimental results of the creep buckling failure time, an empirical correlation was developed by the Larson-Miller parameter. Moreover, post buckling experiments were performed to examine buckling-induced boundary failure at extremely high temperature more than 1300 °C. Additional heating was applied to the specimen which already buckled by external pressure. In the additional heating tests, temperature was increased until boundary failure was formed on the surface of the tube columns. The results showed that the creep buckling failure time was shorter than those in other tensile stress-induced creep tests. The empirical correlation obtained by Larson-Miller parameter predicts well the creep buckling failure time. Finally, boundary failure was obtained in the post buckling under the additional heating.

Experimental Investigation Into Creep Buckling of a Stainless Steel Plate Column Under Axial Compression at Extremely High Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongnam Jo ◽  
Koji Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Empirical Correlation ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Creep Buckling ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Stainless Steel Column ◽  
Buckling Failure

This study aims to investigate the creep buckling behavior of a stainless steel column under axial compressive loading at extremely high temperatures. Creep buckling failure time of a slender column with a rectangular cross section was experimentally measured under three different temperature conditions, namely, 800, 900, and 1000 °C. At each temperature, axial compressive loads with magnitudes ranging between 15% and 80% of the buckling loads were applied to the top of the column, and the creep buckling failure time was measured to examine its relationship with the compressive load. The stainless steel column was found to fail within a relatively short time compared to that of creep deformation under tensile loading. An increase in the temperature of the column was found to accelerate creep buckling failure. The in-plane and out-of-plane column displacements, which respectively, corresponded to the axial and lateral displacements, were monitored during the entire experiment. The creep buckling behavior of the column was also visualized by a high-speed camera. Based on the Larson–Miller parameters (LMP) determined from the experimental results, an empirical correlation for predicting the creep buckling failure time was developed. Another empirical correlation for predicting the creep buckling failure time based on the lateral deflection rate was also derived.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

scholarly journals Acoustic emission characteristics of stress corrosion cracks in a type 304 stainless steel tube

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woonggi Hwang ◽  
Seunggi Bae ◽  
Jaeseong Kim ◽  
Sungsik Kang ◽  
Nogwon Kwag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Tube ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

A Study on Warm Micro Backward Extrusion of SUS 304 Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng Chang ◽  
Dinh Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Hsin Sheng Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrical Heater ◽  
Backward Extrusion ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The One

A metal forming system comprising an electrical heater, capable of conducting processes at elevated temperatures, was developed to perform micro backward extrusion processes of SUS 304 stainless steel. Two punches with diameters of 1.6 mm and 1.8 mm were used to extrude the billets inside the die with an inner diameter of 2 mm. All processes were lubricated with water-based graphite and conducted under isothermal conditions at 400 °C. The results show that the developed extrusion system can be used to produce the stainless steel components with a micro cup-shaped profile. Moreover, the variation in the rim height of the cups produced by the 1.8 mm diameter punch is greater than the one by the 1.6 mm diameter punch. The results show that a decrease in the clearance between the punch and die could lead to an increase in the inhomogeneity of material flow in the micro backward extrusion processes.

The Effects of Low-Energy-Nitrogen-Ion Implantation on the Tribological and Microstructural Characteristics of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wei ◽  
B. Shogrin ◽  
P. J. Wilbur ◽  
O. Ozturk ◽  
D. L. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

The effects of nitrogen implantation conditions (ion energy, dose rate, and processing time) on the thickness and wear behavior of N-rich layers produced on 304 stainless-steel surfaces are examined. Surfaces implanted at elevated temperatures (≈400°C) with 0.4 to 2 keV nitrogen ions at high dose rates (1.5 to 3.8 mA/cm2) are compared to surfaces implanted at higher energies (30 to 60 keV) and lower current densities (0.1 to 0.25 mA/cm2). The most wear-resistant surfaces are observed when the implanted-ion energy is near 1 keV and the dose is very large (> 2 × 1019 ions/cm2). Typically, surfaces implanted under these optimum conditions exhibit load-bearing capabilities at least 1000 times that of the untreated material. Some comparisons are also made to surfaces processed using conventional plasma-nitriding. Samples treated using either process have wear-resistant surface layers in which the nitrogen is in solid solution in the fcc phase. It is argued that the deep N migration (> 1 μm) that occurs under low-energy implantation conditions is due to thermal diffusion that is enhanced by a mechanism other than radiation-induced vacancy production.

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