scholarly journals Production and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints on Ti-TiB Titanium Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Loboda ◽  
Constantine Zvorykin ◽  
Volodymyr Zvorykin ◽  
Eduard Vrzhyzhevskyi ◽  
Tatjana Taranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Fracture Character

In this article, structural features of Ti-TiB and (α+β) Ti alloys in the initial state, in the weld and in the heat-affected zone of electron beam welds were investigated. The influences of welding parameters, such as influence of the electron beam velocity, preheating of the welded alloys and the subsequent annealing of the welded joint on the its microstructure, and the mechanical strength and ductility of the critical elements of the joint were studied by scanning electron microscopy using microprobe Auger spectral and X-ray diffraction analysis and tensile tests. It has been shown that the conditions for rapid crystallization of the material from the melt of the weld contribute to refining of reinforcing fibers of TiB and its hardening in comparison with the starting material Ti-TiB. Besides that, influences of the preferential orientation of TiB reinforcing microfibers (along and across the welded butt joint) on the mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated bz tensile testing. Using the methods of fractographic analysis, the effect of the boron-containing phase on the fracture character of Ti-TiB welded joints was established. It was shown that, along with the strengthening effect, TiB fibers cause embrittlement of the material.

scholarly journals Influence of the welding parameters on the weld metal mechanical heterogeneity of EP517 (Fe12Cr2NiMoWVNb) steel and 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) alloy dissimilar welded joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 2077 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
K T Borodavkina ◽  
E V Terentyev ◽  
A P Sliva ◽  
A Yu Marchenkov ◽  
I E Zhmurko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Heterogeneity ◽  
Alloy 36Nkhtyu ◽  
Hardness Values

Abstract The article presents the results of assessing the effect of the welding speed and the displacement of the electron beam relative to the joint on the mechanical heterogeneity of the weld metal of dissimilar welded joints of EP517 (Fe12Cr2NiMoWVNb) steel and 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) alloy. Aging curves are plotted for the weld metal of welded joints made at electron beam welding (EBW) speeds of 30 m/h and 120 m/h, as well as for the weld metal of the welded joint made at a speed of 30 m/h with various electron beam displacements. An assessment of the change in the mechanical heterogeneity of the weld metal was carried out by the change in the standard deviation of the hardness values, and metallographic studies were also carried out. It was found that a decrease in the EBW speed leads to a decrease in the standard deviation of the results of measuring the hardness of the weld metal after aging from 45 to 14 HV5 or from 18% to 6%. It was also found that an increase in the displacement of the electron beam to alloy 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) to 60% leads to an increase in the hardness of the weld metal from 225 to 305 HV5 (by 35%).

Influence of Rotary Friction Welding Parameters on Tensile Strength and Length of TMAZ of Dissimilar Welded Joints from 32G2 and 40KhN Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Artem S. Atamashkin ◽  
Elena Y. Priymak ◽  
Elena A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Friction Pressure

In this work, pipe billets with a diameter of 73 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm from steels 32G2 and 40KhN are friction welded with an aim to optimize the process parameters. The friction pressure, the forging pressure and the length of the fusion varied. After the implementation of various welding modes, tensile tests and metallographic studies were carried out. The optimal welding parameters have been established, which make it possible to obtain tensile strength at the level of the 32G2 base metal. The study results of the microstructure and SEM fractographs after the optimal welding mode are presented.

Influence of Electron Beam Technological Movements on Aluminium Alloy AW2099 Welded Joints Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ján Urminský ◽  
Milan Marônek ◽  
Jozef Bárta ◽  
Michaela Lopatková ◽  
Róbert Hrušecký
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Current Focusing ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Beam Oscillation

The electron beam welding (EBW) parameters have significant influence on weld surface appearance and porosity formation. Besides basic welding parameters, such as acceleration voltage, welding current, focusing current and welding speed, the beam oscillation during EBW plays an important role in weld metal formation and directly impacts the final welded joints properties. The influence of technological movements during EBW on the properties of aluminium-lithium alloy welded joints was studied. The same frequency and different amplitude as well as same amplitude and different frequency were chosen. The other welding parameters were constant.

scholarly journals Application of Dynamic Beam Positioning for Creating Specified Structures and Properties of Welded Joints in Electron-Beam Welding

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Tatyana Olshanskaya ◽  
Vladimir Belenkiy ◽  
Elena Fedoseeva ◽  
Elena Koleva ◽  
Dmitriy Trushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Parent Metal ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Structures And Properties

The application of electron beam sweep makes it possible to carry out multifocal and multi-beam welding, as well as combine the welding process with local heating or subsequent heat treatment, which is important when preparing products from thermally-hardened materials. This paper presents a method of electron beam welding (EBW) with dynamic beam positioning and its experimental-calculation results regarding the formation of structures and properties of heat-resistant steel welded joints (grade of steel 20Cr3MoWV). The application of electron beam oscillations in welding makes it possible to change the shape and dimensions of welding pool. It also affects the crystallization and formation of a primary structure. It has been established that EBW with dynamic beam positioning increases the weld metal residence time and the thermal effect zone above the critical A3 point, increases cooling time and considerably reduces instantaneous cooling rates as compared to welding without beam sweep. Also, the difference between cooling rates in the depth of a welded joint considerably reduces the degree of structural non-uniformity. A bainitic–martensitic structure is formed in the weld metal and the thermal effect zone throughout the whole depth of fusion. As a result of this structure, the level of mechanical properties of a welded joint produced from EBW with dynamic electron beam positioning approaches that of parent metal to a greater extent than in the case of welding by a static beam. As a consequence, welding of heat-resistant steels reduces the degree of non-uniformity of mechanical properties in the depth of welded joints, as well as decreases the level of hardening of a welded joint in relation to parent metal.

scholarly journals Influence of welding method on microstructural creation of welded joints  

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S50-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čičo ◽  
D. Kalincová ◽  
M. Kotus
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Welding Method ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

This paper is focused on the analysis of the welding technology influence on the microstructure production and quality of the welded joint. Steel of class STN 41 1375 was selected for the experiment, the samples were welded by arc welding including two methods: a manual one by coated electrode and gas metal arc welding method. Macro and microstructural analyses of the experimental welded joints confirmed that the welding parameters affected the welded joint structure in terms of the grain size and character of the structural phase.

Influence of Hydrogen on Microstructure of Electron Beam Welded Joint

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhi Yong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Tc4 Titanium Alloy ◽  
Oxygen Analyzer

Hydrogen distributions of TC4 electron beam welded joints with different hydrogen contents were measured by hydrogen oxygen analyzer. Microstructures of electron beam welded joints for TC4 titanium alloy with different hydrogen contents were observed and analyzed by optical microscope and TEM. And the influence of hydrogen on microstructure of the joints was investigated. The results show that the hydrogen content of weld HAZ is higher than other zones in the electron beam welded joints, while the hydrogen content of fusion zone is lower than other zones in the electron beam welded joints. The microstructure of the weld metal is fine lamellar α + β phase after hydrogen charging. In the range of hydrogen contents discussed in this study (from 0 to 0.101 wt. %), with the increase of hydrogen content, there is little change in the appearance of the microstructure of the weld metal. There are stacking fault and dislocation in the microstructure of TC4 electron beam welded joints with different hydrogen contents after hydrogen charging. The presence of hydrogen can promote the formation of twins in electron beam welded joints. With the increase of hydrogen content, the number of twins is increased.

Effect of Hydrogen on Microstructure of TA15 Electron Beam Welded Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2393-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhi Yong Mao ◽  
Yong Ping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ta15 Titanium Alloy ◽  
Certainty Level

Microstructures of electron beam welded joints for TA15 titanium alloy with different hydrogen contents were observed and analyzed by SEM and TEM. And the influence of hydrogen on microstructure of the joints was investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the weld metal is lamellar α+β phase after hydrogen charging. In the range of hydrogen contents discussed in this study (from 0 to 0.101 wt%), With the increase of hydrogen content, there is little change in the appearance of the microstructure of the weld metal. The presence of hydrogen can promote the growth of twins in electron beam welded joints. With the increase of hydrogen content, the number of twins is increased. When hydrogen content reaches to a certainty level, hydrides are found in TA15 electron beam welded joints.

scholarly journals The effect of welded joint properties on the surface characteristics of laser-welded 2205 duplex stainless steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781401879744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Hu ◽  
Dongrui Zheng ◽  
Guolin Zhao ◽  
Guangliang Li ◽  
Hongqun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Welding Surface

Welded joints of poor welding surface quality are sensitive to stress concentrations, affecting both the tensile strength of workpieces and the fluidity of liquids and gases in pressure and liquid containers. Orthogonal experiments involving the laser welding of 1-mm-thick duplex stainless steel sheets were conducted using different electric current, pulse width and frequency values in order to analyse the effect of welding properties on the surface characteristics of the welded joints. Rapid judgement regarding the welded joint properties was made based on the observed welding surface quality. The results show that an even phase proportion and grain refinement are not necessarily guaranteed to provide good welding surface quality. A satisfactory welding surface quality characterised by a smaller spot pitch or spot pitch difference, smaller weld width, reduced surface roughness and valley depth of surface waviness implies better welded joint mechanical characteristics and a more even microstructure. The specimen with the most suitable welding parameters and the greatest heat input can reach the lowest volume fraction of ferrite phase of 42.5% and the highest tensile strength of 848 MPa, and its surface quality is the best.

Impact of Initial State during Calibre Rolling: Investigating Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Marie Moses ◽  
Johannes Luft ◽  
Madlen Ullmann ◽  
Ulrich Prahl ◽  
Rudolf Kawalla
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Grain Refining ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Initial States

In order to investigate the effect of rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of different initial states, cast and extruded magnesium alloy AZ80 bars were rolled in calibre. The microstructural characterization was done by light microscopy. As a result, the initial grain size of the cast AZ80 (66 μm) clearly differs from the extruded bar (13 μm). After 14 passes of hot rolling in calibre, a significant grain refining effect was achieved resulting in grain sizes of 5 μm for the cast and 3 μm for the extruded material. To investigate the mechanical properties in the initial and rolled state, tensile tests of both conditions were conducted at room temperature. Due to grain refining, the tensile strength (162 MPa) and the elongation (3 %) of cast AZ80 increased remarkably during 14 passes of calibre rolling (360 MPa and 19 %). The strengthening effect was also evident for the rolled extruded AZ80. However, the cast material exhibited cracks during calibre rolling due to its inexpedient microstructure for a high deformation calibre. On the contrary, the extruded AZ80 was easily deformable. This shows the clear impact of initial states on aspired end properties of processed materials. Future investigations will deal with developing a suitable calibration for cast AZ80.

Identification of the Gradient of Mechanical Properties in Electron Beam Welded Joints of Thick Al6061-T6 Plate

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rekik ◽  
O. Ancelet ◽  
C. Gardin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Experimental Methodology

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of the different metallurgical zones of the Electron Beam welded joint of thick Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plates was identified by means of a single tensile test on round specimen oriented transversely to the fusion line. Commonly, the analysis of tensile tests allows a global characterization of the weld joint behavior. However, in this work, specific post processing of results was developed in order to determine in addition to standard findings, the local behavior on each position of the weld joint. The identified behavior laws are then simplified using the Hollomon analytical model. Hence, an evolution of the Hollomon parameters (n, K) along the weld joint is proposed. To validate the experimental methodology and the analytical approach, the experimental tensile test on crossed tensile specimen was numerically modeled. Experimental results and numerical simulations were in a good agreement which denotes of the reliability of the identified gradient model. In a second step, for more accurate characterization of the electron beam welded joint, an optimized geometry of tensile specimen was numerically dimensioned and tested. From these analyses, a relatively large heat affected zone with significant gradients of mechanical properties was highlighted. The fusion zone was qualified as the softest metallurgical zone but with a high strain hardening effect in contrary with the heat affected zone where the fracture occurs.

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