Analysis of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in the Babol Roud Watershed

precipitation is a variable whose value, intensity, and type changes in temporal and spatial dimensions. the occurrence of heavy rainfall is an aspect of these changes which is a dangerous factor in the incidence of natural disasters such as flooding. In this study, with the aim of investigating the behavior of precipitation and discharge of Babol Roud watershed, the Talar station was selected as an indicator station. Then, the cycles governing precipitation and discharge parameters of the station were estimated at the annual scale (1976 - 2011) based on the spectral analysis technique. The results of spectral analysis on time series of discharge and precipitation at a 95% certainty level indicate the existence of a common annual 2 cycle in discharge and annual precipitation. The coincidence of a 2 years old significant cycle in the time series of precipitation and discharge means that in 2 years the repetition of annual precipitation events affects annual discharge. The Extraction heavy rainfall in the Babol Roud watershed was examined the study of atmospheric conduct at the sea level pressure (SLP) and the elevation of the atmosphere medium level (500 hpa level) at the time of their occurrence. After grouping these days, based on cluster analysis technique, three patterns were determined as the dominant patterns of heavy rainfall in the Babol Roud Watershed.

Trust in Automation: The Effects of System Certainty on Decision-Making

In the field of Human Factors, the concept of trust in automation can help to explain how and why users interact with particular systems. One way to examine trust is through task performance and/or behavioral observations. Previous work has identified several system-related moderators of trust in automation, such as reliability and complexity. However, the effects of system certainty, i.e., the knowledge that a machine has regarding its own decision-making abilities, on trust remains unclear. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which system certainty affects perceived trust. Participants performed a partially simulated flight task and decided what action to take in response to targets in the environment detected by the aircraft’s automation. The automation’s certainty levels in recognizing targets were 30%, 50%, and 80%. Overall, participants accepted the system’s recommendation regardless of the certainty level and trust in the system increased as the system’s certainty level increased. Results may help to inform the development of future autonomous systems.

Sistem Pakar dalam Menganalisis Gangguan Jiwa Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor

People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) as a trigger for people who suffer from disorders of thought, feeling and behavior cause changes in attitudes and behavior that hinder normal human functioning. Mental disorders as a syndrome characterized by a change in a person's behavior that will be associated with symptoms such as difficulties or disorders, as well as psychological functions and behavior that are not confident in dealing with people but can also be with that person. An expert system is an intelligent computer technology that is based on solving problems using inferential knowledge and procedures. As a problem solver, expert systems will also find it easier to make decisions or policies like humans do. This study aims to produce an expert system that is used to analyze mental disorders who can make similar decisions, as well as psychiatric specialists. The data processed in this study is scientific data on mental disorders ranging from types of mental illness, early symptoms of disease and patient diagnosis data by mental health specialists, then the data is processed using the Certainty Factor method and displayed in the form of a web-based application using the PHP programming language. and MySQL databases. The results obtained from testing the expert system using the Certainty Factor method show that there is a match between the results of an expert diagnosis of depression with a certainty level of 73%. An expert system for analyzing mental disorders using the Certainty Factor method can make it easier for sufferers to understand the type of mental disorder they are experiencing.

Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor dalam Akurasi Identifikasi Penyakit pada Paru

Lungs are a very importand part of the human organ, which functions as a place for oxygen exchange. This organ that is located under the ribs has a very heavy task, as well as the pollution of the air we breathe everyday which will cause various diseases in the lungs. Lung disease is a disease that is common to everyone, and there are still many who are less concemed with lung healty, so that is causes many indications of lung diseas. Expert system is a system that uses human knowledge recorded in a computer to solve a problem. The purpose og this study was to datermine the accuracy of disease identification in the lungs using the Certainty Factor method. The date obtained is datae about the symptoms that prove wherher a person has lung disease or not and conduct an analysis of the date, so that later conclusions can be abtained from the facts found using an expert system of the Certianty Factor method. The date obtained is date about the sympyoms thet prove whethera person has lung as a problem solving metric which is a parameter value to show the amount of trust. The result of the research from an expert system on pulmonary disease with pulmonary tuberkolosis (TBC) with a certainty level og 68%. Expert system on lung disease using the Certainty Factor method can make it easien for sufferes to know and handle prevention and handling

Influence of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis in children:

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the influence of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children to discuss whether RME can be indicated as an alternative treatment for NE in those patients. Materials and Methods An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and LILACS. The literature review was blindly performed by two reviewers. References of each selected study were manually searched to identify articles that were not found by the electronic search. Kappa statistics were used to analyze interexaminer agreement after the selection of the articles. After reading the selected full-text articles, the studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed qualitatively using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized controlled trials-2 (RoB 2). The certainty level of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. Kappa tests were used to analyze the interexaminer concordance level after the quality assessment of the studies. Results A total of 488 articles were found; however, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 8 studies were selected for the systematic review. A low certainty level of evidence suggested that RME seems to promote a variable reduction in frequency or a remission of NE in children in both the short (4, 6, and 8 months) and long term (13, 36, 48, and 120 months). Conclusions Based on currently available information, RME seems to promote an improvement in NE in children. However, the low quality of the existing evidence weakens the recommendation.

Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Background and Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of a coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to standard axial DWI for the detection of brain stem infarctions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with symptoms consistent with acute and subacute brain stem infarction who received magnetic resonance imaging, including axial and coronal DWI. Diffusion restrictions were identified by 2 independent raters blinded for the final clinical diagnosis in 3 separate reading steps: axial DWI, coronal DWI, and combined axial and coronal DWI. Lesion location and certainty level were both documented for each reading step. In cases of reader disagreement, an additional consensus reading was performed. Results: Two hundred thirty-nine patients were included. Of these, 124 patients (51.9%) were clinically diagnosed with brain stem infarction. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were best for combined DWI assessment (90.3%, 99.1%, 99.1%, and 90.5%) compared with axial (85.5%, 94.9%, 94.6%, and 85.8%) and coronal DWI alone (87.9%, 96.5%, 96.5%, and 88.1%). Diffusion restriction on combined DWI was diagnosed in 112/124 patients compared with 106/124 on axial DWI and 109/124 on coronal DWI. Interobserver agreement for the detection of brain stem lesions was the highest in the combined rating step (Cohen κ coefficient=0.94). Conclusions: Coronal DWI sequences might improve the detection rate of brain stem infarction compared with standard axial DWI. The combined coronal and axial DWI provides the best detection rate while minimally increasing scan times.

The effectiveness of group counseling based on problem- solving solution on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women after mastectomy surgery

Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of death due to cancers and it is the most common cancer in women, which threatens different aspects of individual and mental health, quality of life, sexual function and sexual satisfaction, because of such treatments as mastectomy. Consultation can help patients to and a reasonable solution for their problems. Considering the effect of consultation on quality and quantity of patients’ life and the importance of the role of midwife in sexual health consultation, this research is carried out in order to determine the effect of group consultation based on problem-solving solution on sexual function and satisfaction of women who have had mastectomy surgery. Method: The present research is a semi-empirical study, with pretest, post-test and one month follow-up period. 32 women who referred to Tehran Breast Cancer Institute were selected by convenience sampling.The group received 8 sessions (90-minute) of problem-solving solution conselling. The data collection tool was Female Sexual function Index and Larson sexual satisfaction questionnaires and filled before intervention, immediately after intervention and one month after it.Data analysis was performed by using SPPSS21 statistical software application at the certainty level of 95% (P≤0.05).Results: The results of the study showed that there is a meaningful difference between the average sexual function (18.37, 20.88, 22.95) and the sexual satisfaction (65.27, 68.08, 70.46) in three stages before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention. Conclusions: Although the average score of women’s sexual performance and the average score of sexual function of women who had mastectomy operation have improved, and this change was significant, but we have to note that the sexual function and sexual satisfaction are still in an inappropriate situation which require the continued trend of counseling in these patients. Considering the fact that the outbreak of breast cancer is very high, counseling can transfer to patients the information that is necessary for creating a desirable sexual life. In addition, through counseling process, we can teach patients how to live with their disease.

Descriptive Study of Certainty Level Towards Risk of Tuberculosis Disease in Productive Ages

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which can attack the organs of the body and is still a public health problem in the world despite many countries’ have effort to control the disease. 75% of pulmonary TB sufferers are found at the most economically productive age (15-49) years. The Objective to determine the level of certainty level in the risk of TB at productive age. The methods using a descriptive using cross sectional design. Conducted in June 2019, with research subject include of 133 respondents in the area of Pagarsih Public Health Center in Bandung City. The results showed the productive age affected by TB reached (96%) 128. At the age level showed that the most people affected by TB were at the age of 26 - 35 years (42%) as many as 56 people. In gender it mostly 53% female type. Characteristics of education are greater in high school education with a number (48%) 64 people. In greater occupations, such in unemployed/housewives the result showed (60%) or 80 people. Productive age should be concerned specifically because it is very susceptible to TB. Keywords: Certainty level, Tuberculosis, Productive Age.

Calculating the Strength of Rhetorical Arguments in Persuasive Negotiation Dialogues

Rhetorical arguments are used in negotiation dialogues when a proponent agent tries to persuade his opponent to accept a proposal more readily. When more than one argument is generated, the proponent must compare them in order to select the most adequate for his interests. A way of comparing them is by means of their strength values. Related work propose a calculation based only on the components of the rhetorical arguments, i.e., the importance of the opponent's goal and the certainty level of the beliefs that make up the argument. This work aims to propose a model for the calculation of the strength of rhetorical arguments, which is inspired on the pre-conditions of credibility and preferability stated by Guerini and Castelfranchi. Thus, we suggest the use of two new criteria to the strength calculation: the credibility of the proponent and the status of the opponent's goal in the goal processing cycle. The model is empirically evaluated and the results demonstrate that the proposed model is more efficient than previous works in terms of number of exchanged arguments and number of reached agreements.

Towards medical knowmetrics: representing and computing medical knowledge using semantic predications as the knowledge unit and the uncertainty as the knowledge context

In China, Prof. Hongzhou Zhao and Zeyuan Liu are the pioneers of the concept “knowledge unit” and “knowmetrics” for measuring knowledge. However, the definition on “computable knowledge object” remains controversial so far in different fields. For example, it is defined as (1) quantitative scientific concept in natural science and engineering, (2) knowledge point in the field of education research, and (3) semantic predications, i.e., Subject-Predicate-Object (SPO) triples in biomedical fields. The Semantic MEDLINE Database (SemMedDB), a high-quality public repository of SPO triples extracted from medical literature, provides a basic data infrastructure for measuring medical knowledge. In general, the study of extracting SPO triples as computable knowledge unit from unstructured scientific text has been overwhelmingly focusing on scientific knowledge per se. Since the SPO triples would be possibly extracted from hypothetical, speculative statements or even conflicting and contradictory assertions, the knowledge status (i.e., the uncertainty), which serves as an integral and critical part of scientific knowledge has been largely overlooked. This article aims to put forward a framework for Medical Knowmetrics using the SPO triples as the knowledge unit and the uncertainty as the knowledge context. The lung cancer publications dataset is used to validate the proposed framework. The uncertainty of medical knowledge and how its status evolves over time indirectly reflect the strength of competing knowledge claims, and the probability of certainty for a given SPO triple. We try to discuss the new insights using the uncertainty-centric approaches to detect research fronts, and identify knowledge claims with high certainty level, in order to improve the efficacy of knowledge-driven decision support.