scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

Plant polyphenols: free radical scavengers or chain-breaking antioxidants?

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rice-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Lipid Peroxyl Radicals

There is increasing interest in the biological effects of tea- and wine-derived polyphenols and many studies in vitro and in vivo are demonstrating their antioxidant properties. Tea is a major source of dietary polyphenols and an even richer source of the flavanols, the catechins and catechin/gallate esters. Although there are limited studies on the bioavailability of the polyphenols, the absorption of flavanols in humans has been shown. The studies described in this chapter discuss the relative antioxidant potentials of the polyphenolic flavonoids in vitro against radicals generated in the aqueous phase in comparison with their relative effectiveness as antioxidants against propagating lipid peroxyl radicals, and how their activity influences that of α-tocopherol in low-density lipoproteins exposed to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotection of Mentha aquatica L., Lavandula dentata L. and Leonurus cardiaca L.

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia R. Pereira ◽  
Rocio I. R. Macias ◽  
Maria R. M. Domingues ◽  
Jose J. G. Marin ◽  
Susana M. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Mentha Aquatica ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Leonurus Cardiaca

The phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extracts of Mentha aquatica L., Lavandula dentata L. and Leonurus cardiaca L., obtained from plants grown under organic cultivation, was determined and their hepatoprotective effects were investigated in vitro. L. cardiaca extract was rich in phenylethenoid glycosides, especially lavandolifolioside (254 ± 36 μg/mg), whereas rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol-O-rutinoside were the major phenolic compounds of L. dentata and M. aquatica extracts, accounting for 68 ± 7 μg/mg and 145 ± 22 μg/mg, respectively. These differential phenolic components presumably account for their dissimilar antioxidant properties. While L. cardiaca extract showed moderate biological effects, M. aquatica extract displayed high antioxidant activity in chemical models, and that of L. dentata was effective in counteracting potassium dichromate-induced ROS generation in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Moreover, M. aquatica extract (50 μg/mL) and its mixture (50%/50%) with L. dentata extract displayed an effective cytoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Edible brown seaweeds: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Asanka Sanjeewa ◽  
You-Jin Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Seaweeds play a vital role as a source of food and ingredients in traditional Korean medicine. Koreans consume seaweed as fresh vegetables, salad, soups, or snacks. There are several edible brown seaweed species are abundant along the shores of the Korean peninsula, such as Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiforme, Laminaria japonica, Pelvetia siliquosa, Sargassum fulvellum, and Undaria pinnatifida. With the growing body of scientific evidence, it is clear that these brown seaweeds are not only good substitutes for land vegetables but also a good source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites identified from edible Korean brown seaweeds (phlorotannins, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, and sterols) have the potential to be developed as functional food ingredients. However, seaweeds consumption and their industrial level applications as functional materials are limited compared to the land vegetables. Insufficient awareness about health benefits of seaweeds might be the reason for this issue. Thus, in this review health promotion properties associated with edible Korean brown seaweeds are summarized. The present study might therefore increase consumption and industrial use of brown seaweeds.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate Safety and Quality

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Extraction And Purification

The industrial production of chondroitin sulfate (CS) uses animal tissue sources as raw material derived from different terrestrial or marine species of animals. CS possesses a heterogeneous structure and physical-chemical profile in different species and tissues, responsible for the various and more specialized functions of these macromolecules. Moreover, mixes of different animal tissues and sources are possible, producing a CS final product having varied characteristics and not well identified profile, influencing oral absorption and activity. Finally, different extraction and purification processes may introduce further modifications of the CS structural characteristics and properties and may lead to extracts having a variable grade of purity, limited biological effects, presence of contaminants causing problems of safety and reproducibility along with not surely identified origin. These aspects pose a serious problem for the final consumers of the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products mainly related to the traceability of CS and to the declaration of the real origin of the active ingredient and its content. In this review, specific, sensitive and validated analytical quality controls such as electrophoresis, eHPLC (enzymatic HPLC) and HPSEC (high-performance size-exclusion chromatography) able to assure CS quality and origin are illustrated and discussed.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides from Fruit Residues

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saúl Olivares-Galván ◽  
María Luisa Marina ◽  
María Concepción García
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Peptides ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Fruit residues with high protein contents are generated during the processing of some fruits. These sustainable sources of proteins are usually discarded and, in all cases, underused. In addition to proteins, these residues can also be sources of peptides with protective effects against oxidative damage. The revalorization of these residues, as sources of antioxidant peptides, requires the development of suitable methodologies for their extraction and the application of analytical techniques for their characterization. The exploitation of these residues involves two main steps: the extraction and purification of proteins and their hydrolysis to release peptides. The extraction of proteins is mainly carried out under alkaline conditions and, in some cases, denaturing reagents are also employed to improve protein solubilization. Alternatively, more sustainable strategies based on the use of high-intensity focused ultrasounds, microwaves, pressurized liquids, electric fields, or discharges, as well as deep eutectic solvents, are being implemented for the extraction of proteins. The scarce selectivity of these extraction methods usually makes the subsequent purification of proteins necessary. The purification of proteins based on their precipitation or the use of ultrafiltration has been the usual procedure, but new strategies based on nanomaterials are also being explored. The release of potential antioxidant peptides from proteins is the next step. Microbial fermentation and, especially, digestion with enzymes such as Alcalase, thermolysin, or flavourzyme have been the most common. Released peptides are next characterized by the evaluation of their antioxidant properties and the application of proteomic tools to identify their sequences.

scholarly journals Fucoidan Extracted from Undaria pinnatifida: Source for Nutraceuticals/Functional Foods

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Yizhou Zheng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shuyi Ma ◽  
Yiming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Health Products

The importance of fucoidan as a functional ingredient in food, health products, and pharmaceutics is well-recognized due to its beneficial biological effects. Fucoidan is usually extracted from brown seaweeds, including Undaria pinnatifida. Fucoidan exhibits beneficial bio-activity and has antioxidant, anticancer, and anticoagulant properties. This review focuses on the biological activity of U. pinnatifida-derived fucoidan and investigates its structure–activity or fraction–activity relationship. It also describes several fucoidan extracts, along with their claimed anticancer effects. It aims to provide information and thoughts for future research such as the development of fucoidan into functional foods or nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Products of Sulfide/Selenite Interaction Possess Antioxidant Properties, Scavenge Superoxide-Derived Radicals, React with DNA, and Modulate Blood Pressure and Tension of Isolated Thoracic Aorta

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Grman ◽  
Anton Misak ◽  
Lucia Kurakova ◽  
Vlasta Brezova ◽  
Sona Cacanyiova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Preincubation Time

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously produced signalling molecule, affect many physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological effects of their mutual interaction have not yet been investigated. Herein, we have studied the biological and antioxidant effects of the products of the H2S (Na2S)/selenite (Na2SeO3) interaction. As detected by the UV-VIS and EPR spectroscopy, the product(s) of the H2S-Na2SeO3 and H2S-SeCl4 interaction scavenged superoxide-derived radicals and reduced ⋅cPTIO radical depending on the molar ratio and the preincubation time of the applied interaction mixture. The results confirmed that the transient species are formed rapidly during the interaction and exhibit a noteworthy biological activity. In contrast to H2S or selenite acting on their own, the H2S/selenite mixture cleaved DNA in a bell-shaped manner. Interestingly, selenite protected DNA from the cleavage induced by the products of H2S/H2O2 interaction. The relaxation effect of H2S on isolated thoracic aorta was eliminated when the H2S/selenite mixture was applied. The mixture inhibited the H2S biphasic effect on rat systolic and pulse blood pressure. The results point to the antioxidant properties of products of the H2S/selenite interaction and their effect to react with DNA and influence cardiovascular homeostasis. The effects of the products may contribute to explain some of the biological effects of H2S and/or selenite, and they may imply that a suitable H2S/selenite supplement might have a beneficial effect in pathological conditions arisen, e.g., from oxidative stress.

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