Comparison of different cultivation modes and light intensities using mono-cultures and co-cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suphi S. Oncel ◽  
Esra Imamoglu ◽  
Emre Gunerken ◽  
Fazilet Vardar Sukan
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Light Intensities

scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

scholarly journals Biomass and Astaxanthin Productivities of Haematococcus pluvialis in an Angled Twin-Layer Porous Substrate Photobioreactor: Effect of Inoculum Density and Storage Time

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tri Do ◽  
Binh-Nguyen Ong ◽  
Minh-Ly Nguyen Tran ◽  
Doan Nguyen ◽  
Michael Melkonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
Astaxanthin Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is mainly cultivated in suspended systems for astaxanthin production. Immobilized cultivation on a Twin-Layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) has recently shown promise as an alternative approach. In Vietnam, a TL-PSBR was constructed as a low-angle (15 °) horizontal system to study the cultivation of H. pluvialis for astaxanthin production. In this study, the biomass and astaxanthin productivities and astaxanthin content in the dry biomass were determined using different initial biomass (inoculum) densities (from 2.5 to 10 g dry weight m−2), different storage times of the initial biomass at 4 °C (24, 72, 120 and 168 h) and different light intensities (300–1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1). The optimal initial biomass density at light intensities between 400–600 µmol photons−2 s−1 was 5–7.5 g m−2. Algae stored for 24 h after harvest from suspension for immobilization on the TL-PSBR yielded the highest biomass and astaxanthin productivities, 8.7 g m−2 d−1 and 170 mg m−2 d−1, respectively; longer storage periods decreased productivity. Biomass and astaxanthin productivities were largely independent of light intensity between 300–1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1 but the efficiency of light use per mole photons was highest between 300–500 µmol photons m−2 s−1. The astaxanthin content in the dry biomass varied between 2–3% (w/w). Efficient supply of CO2 to the culture medium remains a task for future improvements of angled TL-PSBRs.

scholarly journals Differences between Motile and Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis in the Production of Astaxanthin at Different Light Intensities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Minggang Cai ◽  
Mingwei Lin ◽  
Xianghu Huang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Cell Mortality ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
The Stability

Haematococcus pluvialis, as the best natural resource of astaxanthin, is widely used in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this work was to compare the differences in astaxanthin accumulation between motile and nonmotile cells of H. pluvialis and to determine the relationship between the two cells and astaxanthin production. The experiment design was achieved by two different types of H. pluvialis cell and three different light intensities for an eight day induction period. The astaxanthin concentrations in nonmotile cell cultures were significantly increased compared to motile cell cultures. The increase of astaxanthin was closely associated with the enlargement of cell size, and the nonmotile cells were more conducive to the formation of large astaxanthin-rich cysts than motile cells. The cyst enlargement and astaxanthin accumulation of H. pluvialis were both affected by light intensity, and a general trend was that the higher the light intensity, the larger the cysts formed, and the larger the quantity of astaxanthin accumulated. In addition, the relatively low cell mortality rate in the nonmotile cell cultures indicated that the nonmotile cells have a stronger tolerance to photooxidative stress. We suggest that applying nonmotile cells as the major cell type of H. pluvialis to the induction period may help to enhance the content of astaxanthin and the stability of astaxanthin production.

scholarly journals Microalgae Derived Astaxanthin: Research and Consumer Trends and Industrial Use as Food

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Silvia Villaró ◽  
Martina Ciardi ◽  
Ainoa Morillas-España ◽  
Ana Sánchez-Zurano ◽  
Gabriel Acién-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Industrial Use

Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid currently being produced by chemical synthesis and by extraction from the biomass of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Other microalgae, such as Chlorella zofingiensis, have the potential for being used as sources of astaxanthin. The differences between the synthetic and the microalgae derived astaxanthin are notorious: not only their production and price but also their uses and bioactivity. Microalgae derived astaxanthin is being used as a pigment in food and feed or aquafeed production and also in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Several health-promoting properties have been attributed to astaxanthin, and these were summarized in the current review paper. Most of these properties are attributed to the high antioxidant capacity of this molecule, much higher than that of other known natural compounds. The aim of this review is to consider the main challenges and opportunities of microalgae derived products, such as astaxanthin as food. Moreover, the current study includes a bibliometric analysis that summarizes the current research trends related to astaxanthin. Moreover, the potential utilization of microalgae other than H. pluvialis as sources of astaxanthin as well as the health-promoting properties of this valuable compound will be discussed.

Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Near-Infrared Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stafford ◽  
Dowon Ahn ◽  
Emily Raulerson ◽  
Kun-You Chung ◽  
Kaihong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Emission Quenching

Driving rapid polymerizations with visible to near-infrared (NIR) light will enable nascent technologies in the emerging fields of bio- and composite-printing. However, current photopolymerization strategies are limited by long reaction times, high light intensities, and/or large catalyst loadings. Improving efficiency remains elusive without a comprehensive, mechanistic evaluation of photocatalysis to better understand how composition relates to polymerization metrics. With this objective in mind, a series of methine- and aza-bridged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized and systematically characterized to elucidate key structure-property relationships that facilitate efficient photopolymerization driven by visible to NIR light. For both BODIPY scaffolds, halogenation was shown as a general method to increase polymerization rate, quantitatively characterized using a custom real-time infrared spectroscopy setup. Furthermore, a combination of steady-state emission quenching experiments, electronic structure calculations, and ultrafast transient absorption revealed that efficient intersystem crossing to the lowest excited triplet state upon halogenation was a key mechanistic step to achieving rapid photopolymerization reactions. Unprecedented polymerization rates were achieved with extremely low light intensities (< 1 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) and catalyst loadings (< 50 μM), exemplified by reaction completion within 60 seconds of irradiation using green, red, and NIR light-emitting diodes.

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