scholarly journals Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites—A Comprehensive Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
António Pagarete ◽  
Ana Sofia Ramos ◽  
Pål Puntervoll ◽  
Michael J. Allen ◽  
Vítor Verdelho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Algal Diversity ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Technological Developments

Historically, algae have stimulated significant economic interest particularly as a source of fertilizers, feeds, foods and pharmaceutical precursors. However, there is increasing interest in exploiting algal diversity for their antiviral potential. Here, we present an overview of 50-years of scientific and technological developments in the field of algae antivirals. After bibliometric analysis of 999 scientific references, a survey of 16 clinical trials and analysis of 84 patents, it was possible to identify the dominant algae, molecules and viruses that have been shaping and driving this promising field of research. A description of the most promising discoveries is presented according to molecule class. We observed a diverse range of algae and respective molecules displaying significant antiviral effects against an equally diverse range of viruses. Some natural algae molecules, like carrageenan, cyanovirin or griffithsin, are now considered prime reference molecules for their outstanding antiviral capacity. Crucially, while many algae antiviral applications have already reached successful commercialization, the large spectrum of algae antiviral capacities already identified suggests a strong potential for future expansion of this field.

scholarly journals Citicoline in Ophthalmological Neurodegenerative Disease: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Francesco Oddone ◽  
Luca Rossetti ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano ◽  
Diego Sbardella ◽  
Massimo Coletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission

Cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine has been widely studied in systemic neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and brain ischemia. The rationale for the use of citicoline in ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, is founded on its multifactorial mechanism of action and the involvement in several metabolic pathways, including phospholipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as cholinergic and dopaminergic transmission, all being involved in the complexity of the visual transmission. This narrative review is aimed at reporting both pre-clinical data regarding the involvement of citicoline in such metabolic pathways (including new insights about its role in the intracellular proteostasis through an interaction with the proteasome) and its effects on clinical psychophysical, electrophysiological, and morphological outcomes following its use in ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases (including the results of the most recent prospective randomized clinical trials).

scholarly journals Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Felix Zulhendri ◽  
Kavita Chandrasekaran ◽  
Magdalena Kowacz ◽  
Munir Ravalia ◽  
Krishna Kripal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates.Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host’s cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy in COVID 19 an Indian Scenario: Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 453-465
Author(s):  
Shruti Vimal ◽  
Pratiksha Naval ◽  
Manoj Sawadker ◽  
Pallavi Bhomia ◽  
Neha Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Plasma Transfusion ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Proof Of Efficacy ◽  
Indian Scenario

The recent pandemic due to Corona virus more popularly known as COVID 19 has reassessed the usefulness of historic convalescent plasma transfusion. (CPT) The CPT is one of the promising therapies in the current pandemic situation. This review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CPT therapy in COVID 19 patients based on the publications reported till date. PubMed, EMBASE and Medline databases were screened up to 30 April 2021. All the records were screened as per the protocol eligibility criteria.  The main features of the studies reviewed were, convalescent plasma can reduce mortality in severely ill patients, an increase in neutralizing antibodies titre and disappearance of SARS CoV 2 RNA was observed in all the patients on CPT therapy and over all a beneficial effect on clinical symptoms after administration of CP.  Based on the review findings and the limited scientific data, CPT therapy in COVID 19 patients appear safe, clinically effective and reduces mortality. However, the need of a multicentre clinical trials, unequivocal proof of efficacy, effectiveness and the need for the standardisation of the CPT needs to be addressed immediately for the full utilisation of potential of CPT.

Freshwater Vertebrates

2018 ◽  
pp. 208-239
Author(s):  
Stephen E.W. Green ◽  
Rosie D. Salazar ◽  
Gillian Gilbert ◽  
Andrew S. Buxton ◽  
Danielle L. Gilroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Freshwater habitats are vitally important for vertebrate diversity and ecosystem service provision. These habitats are diverse in scale and type, ranging from vast wetlands and tropical flooded forests to small streams and ponds, but are all equally important to the diverse range of vertebrates they support. The loss and degradation of freshwater habitats globally, largely driven by agricultural intensification, land-use change and deforestation, threatens vertebrates and the continued functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Well-informed, evidence-based conservation is reliant on suitably designed surveys capable of detecting population changes in target species. Due to the diversity and complexity of freshwater habitats and their associated vertebrate taxa a comprehensive review of all methods for all species is beyond the scope of this chapter. However, here we outline key considerations and methods for surveying vertebrates in freshwater systems and provide signposts to relevant case studies and resources to help plan successful monitoring programmes for freshwater vertebrates.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned?

Photonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Western World ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Relieve Pain

Next to cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia is probably the most worrying health problem facing the Western world today. A large number of clinical trials have failed to show any benefit of the tested drugs in stabilizing or reversing the steady decline in cognitive function that is suffered by dementia patients. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are well established, considerable debate exists concerning the genetic or lifestyle factors that predispose individuals to developing dementia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and inflammation, and prevent tissue from dying. In recent years PBM has been applied for a diverse range of brain disorders, frequently applied in a non-invasive manner by shining light on the head (transcranial PBM). The present review discusses the mechanisms of action of tPBM in the brain, and summarizes studies that have used tPBM to treat animal models of AD. The results of a limited number of clinical trials that have used tPBM to treat patients with AD and dementia are discussed.

▾ Inosine pranobex - only for use in controlled trials

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Genital Wart ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Inosine Pranobex ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Immunomodulating Drug ◽  
High Standards

Inosine pranobex (Imunovir - Edwin Burgess) is an oral antiviral and immunomodulating drug marketed for use in herpes simplex and genital wart infections. Although it has been studied in the laboratory and clinic for 20 years1 its efficacy has been questioned repeatedly2–5. In tissue-culture the drug has weak and inconsistent antiviral effects2,6. Inosine pranobex acts against viruses partly by enhancing the host's immune response7,8. Clinical trials of acyclovir (Zovirax - Wellcome)9 have set high standards and other anti-herpes drugs should be compared with acyclovir.

scholarly journals Ginseng: A bibliometric analysis of 40-year journey of global clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Chen ◽  
Peifen Yao ◽  
Chi Teng Vong ◽  
Xiuzhu Li ◽  
Zhejie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis

Dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852092395
Author(s):  
Claire Valburg ◽  
Anup Sonti ◽  
Joel NH Stern ◽  
Souhel Najjar ◽  
Asaff Harel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Background: Dietary intervention in multiple sclerosis carries potential therapeutic implications. While studies utilizing animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated intriguing findings, well-designed clinical trials are few in number. Objective: The objective of this study is to review the animal model and clinical literature regarding dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and MS. Methods: This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of current animal model and clinical knowledge related to dietary factors in MS. Results: While there is currently little data for any specific diet in MS, there is growing evidence that certain dietary factors may influence the disease. Conclusions: Definitive information regarding dietary factors as a modifiable risk factor in MS will require larger randomized clinical trials.

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