scholarly journals Utilization of Crab Waste for Cost-Effective Bioproduction of Prodigiosin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Dai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
Van Anh Ngo ◽  
That Quang Ton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Level

This study aimed to establish the culture process for the cost-effective production of prodigiosin (PG) from demineralized crab shell powder (de-CSP), a fishery processing byproduct created via fermentation. Among the tested PG-producing strains, Serratia marcescens TNU02 was demonstrated to be the most active strain. Various ratios of protein/de-CSP were used as the sources of C/N for PG biosynthesis. The PG yield was significantly enhanced when the casein/de-CSP ratio was controlled in the range of 3/7 to 4/6. TNU02 produced PG with a high yield (5100 mg/L) in a 15 L bioreactor system containing 4.5 L of a newly-designed liquid medium containing 1.6% C/N source (protein/de-CSP ratio of 3/7), 0.02% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% K2HPO4, and an initial pH of 6.15, at 27 °C for 8 h in dark conditions. The red pigment was purified from the culture broth and then quantified as being PG by specific Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UV spectra analysis. The purified PG demonstrated moderate antioxidant and effective inhibition against four cancerous cell lines. Notably, this study was the first to report on using crab wastes for PG bioproduction with high-level productivity (5100 mg/L) in a large scale (4.5 L per pilot) in a short period of fermentation time (8 h). The salt compositions, including (NH4)2SO4 and K2HPO4, were also a novel finding for the enhancement of PG yield by S. marcescens in this report.

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 14535-14555
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Based on the results, the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

Comparative Study on Manufacturability of Selective Emitter and Double Printing on Mono-Si PV Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
F.D. Jiang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Zeng ◽  
W. Shan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Selective Emitter ◽  
Production Platform

ABSTRACTSelective emitter structure has long been regarded as a good and relatively simple approach to improve the energy conversion efficiency of Si wafer-based single-junction photovoltaic (PV) cells. Recently emerged double printing method, on the other hand, potentially has the capability of improving the efficiency with no requirement for device structure modification. The manufacturability of these two approaches has been studied on a mass-production platform at JA Solar recently with large scale sampling. The experimental results collected from over two hundred thousand cells demonstrated that both approaches are capable of achieving significant conversion-efficiency gain in a cost-effective way with high yield rate on the PV industry commonly used mass production platform currently adopted by the vast majority of cell manufacturers

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point-source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Daning River watershed was taken as a case study in this paper, which has demonstrated that the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Data Computing Performance Comparisons on SYCL Heterogeneous Parallel Processing Layer Implementations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Woosuk Shin ◽  
Kwan-Hee Yoo ◽  
Nakhoon Baek
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Parallel Tasks ◽  
Big Data Applications ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mathematical Operations

Today, many big data applications require massively parallel tasks to compute complicated mathematical operations. To perform parallel tasks, platforms like CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) and OpenCL (Open Computing Language) are widely used and developed to enhance the throughput of massively parallel tasks. There is also a need for high-level abstractions and platform-independence over those massively parallel computing platforms. Recently, Khronos group announced SYCL (C++ Single-source Heterogeneous Programming for OpenCL), a new cross-platform abstraction layer, to provide an efficient way for single-source heterogeneous computing, with C++-template-level abstractions. However, since there has been no official implementation of SYCL, we currently have several different implementations from various vendors. In this paper, we analyse the characteristics of those SYCL implementations. We also show performance measures of those SYCL implementations, especially for well-known massively parallel tasks. We show that each implementation has its own strength in computing different types of mathematical operations, along with different sizes of data. Our analysis is available for fundamental measurements of the abstract-level cost-effective use of massively parallel computations, especially for big-data applications.

Project Management for the Construction of a Large Scale Modified UNITANK Wastewater Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 2317-2321
Author(s):  
Hai Liang Zheng ◽  
Zheng Xiao ◽  
Chun Feng Hu ◽  
Yao Wen Wu ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pollutants Removal

As more and more work is organized through projects and programmers, project management is becoming increasingly important. Aiming to ensure the project quality, control building progress within a short period and make the cost effective, full-process project management for the construction of a large scale modified UNITANK wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was conducted and introduced in detail in this paper. Long term operation results indicate that the Qianfeng II WWTP shows good pollutants removal performance and stable operation ability, which demonstrates that these project management methods are practical and could be popularized for the similar projects in the future.

scholarly journals Bioprocessing of Marine Chitinous Wastes for the Production of Bioactive Prodigiosin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138
Author(s):  
Thi Hanh Nguyen ◽  
San-Lang Wang ◽  
Dai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Shrimp Wastes

Recently, microbial prodigiosin (PG) has received much attention due to its numerous beneficial applications. The aim of this study was to establish the bioprocessing of marine chitinous wastes (MCWs) for the cost-effective preparation of PG. Of the MCWs, demineralized shrimp shell powders (de-SSP) were found to be a potential source of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) for PG production by bacterial fermentation using Serratia marcescens strains. Further, PG scale-up production was investigated in a 15 L bioreactor system, and the highest yield (6200 mg/L) was achieved during fermentation using 5 L of a novel-designed culture broth that included 1.60% C/N sources (a de-SSP/casein ratio of 7/3), 0.02% K2SO4, and 0.05% K2HPO4, with an initial pH of 6–7. Fermentation was conducted in the dark at 27.5 °C for 8.0 h. This study was the first to report on the utilization of shrimp wastes for cost-effective, large-scale (5 L/pilot) PG production with high productivity (6200 mg/L) in a short cultivation time. The combination of 0.02% K2SO4 and 0.05% K2HPO4 was also found to be a novel salt composition that significantly enhanced PG yield. The red compound was purified and confirmed as PG after analyzing its HPLC profile, mass, and UV/vis spectra. The purified PG was then tested for its bioactivities and showed effective anticancer activities, moderated antioxidant activities, and novel anti-NO effects.

scholarly journals Process development for pandemic influenza VLP vaccine production using a baculovirus expression system

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chun Lai ◽  
Yu-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Pin-Wen Chen ◽  
Ting-Hui Lin ◽  
Tsai-Teng Tzeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Upstream Process ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Influenza viruses cause hundreds of thousands of respiratory diseases worldwide each year, and vaccination is considered the most effective approach for preventing influenza annual epidemics or pandemics. Since 1950, chicken embryonated eggs have been used as the main method for producing seasonal influenza vaccines. However, this platform has the main drawback of a lack of scale-up flexibility, and thus, egg-based vaccine manufacturers cannot supply sufficient doses within a short period for use for pandemic prevention. As a result, strategies for reducing the manufacturing time and increasing production capacity are urgently needed. Non-virion vaccine methods have been considered an alternative strategy against an influenza pandemic, and the purpose of maintaining an immunogenic capsule structure with infectious properties appears to be met by the virus-like particle (VLP) platform. Results An influenza H7N9-TW VLP production platform using insect cells, which included the expression of hemagglutinin (HA), NA, and M1 proteins, was established. To scale up H7N9-TW VLP production, several culture conditions were optimized to obtain a higher production yield. A high level of dissolved oxygen (DO) could be critical to H7N9-TW VLP production. If the DO was maintained at a high level, the HA titer obtained in the spinner flask system with ventilation was similar to that obtained in a shake flask. In this study, the HA titer in a 5-L bioreactor with a well-controlled DO level was substantially improved by 128-fold (from 4 HA units (HAU)/50 μL to 512 HAU/50 μL). Conclusions In this study, a multigene expression platform and an effective upstream process were developed. Notably, a high H7N9-TW VLP yield was achieved using a two-step production strategy while a high DO level was maintained. The upstream process, which resulted in high VLP titers, could be further used for large-scale influenza VLP vaccine production.

Effective Lignin-First Fractionation of Softwood Lignocellulose Using a Mild Dimethyl Carbonate Organosolv Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santi ◽  
Maxim Galkin ◽  
Ciaran Lahive ◽  
Peter Deuss ◽  
Katalin Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Large-scale biorefineries converting lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals, fuels, and energy require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate all main lignocellulose constituents. A mild organosolv process has been developed using a system of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. Softwood biomass (pine, spruce, cedar, and Douglas fir) was fractionated using mild conditions: 140 °C, 40 min, DMC-EG, and sulfuric acid. Organosolv pulping of the softwood biomass usually leads to poor delignification hampering enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. However, for the developed system, effective pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis into glucose (up to 84.7%) was observed in combination with a high yield of monomeric hemicellulose sugars and monophenolic compounds from lignin (up to 98% compared to theoretical monomer yield). In sum, effective fractionation and in situ lignin depolymerization was demonstrated for various softwood feedstock combined with limited solvent loss at mild conditions and low reactor pressure.<br>

The Disposition of Civil Plutonium in the UK

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Barker ◽  
Mike Sadnicki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reactor Fuel ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Mox Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

Abstract This paper presents the findings of research on potential strategies for the management of separated plutonium in the UK*. These strategies include the use of plutonium as a reactor fuel (MOX), or immobilising it as a waste. The paper reviews the hurdles to MOX fuel use in the UK. These include the need for large-scale subsidy for building new reactors. Estimates for the scale of the subsidy are presented. It also reviews the hurdles to immobilising plutonium using a ‘can-in-canister’ approach with vitrified High Level Waste (HLW), as originally proposed in the US. The paper discusses the requirements of alternative immobilization strategies. It identifies a range of options and presents cost estimates. The paper addresses the question of what would constitute a cost-effective approach to immobilization in a UK context.

Effective Lignin-First Fractionation of Softwood Lignocellulose Using a Mild Dimethyl Carbonate Organosolv Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santi ◽  
Maxim Galkin ◽  
Ciaran Lahive ◽  
Peter Deuss ◽  
Katalin Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Large-scale biorefineries converting lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals, fuels, and energy require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate all main lignocellulose constituents. A mild organosolv process has been developed using a system of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. Softwood biomass (pine, spruce, cedar, and Douglas fir) was fractionated using mild conditions: 140 °C, 40 min, DMC-EG, and sulfuric acid. Organosolv pulping of the softwood biomass usually leads to poor delignification hampering enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. However, for the developed system, effective pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis into glucose (up to 84.7%) was observed in combination with a high yield of monomeric hemicellulose sugars and monophenolic compounds from lignin (up to 98% compared to theoretical monomer yield). In sum, effective fractionation and in situ lignin depolymerization was demonstrated for various softwood feedstock combined with limited solvent loss at mild conditions and low reactor pressure.<br>

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