The Disposition of Civil Plutonium in the UK

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Barker ◽  
Mike Sadnicki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reactor Fuel ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Mox Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

Abstract This paper presents the findings of research on potential strategies for the management of separated plutonium in the UK*. These strategies include the use of plutonium as a reactor fuel (MOX), or immobilising it as a waste. The paper reviews the hurdles to MOX fuel use in the UK. These include the need for large-scale subsidy for building new reactors. Estimates for the scale of the subsidy are presented. It also reviews the hurdles to immobilising plutonium using a ‘can-in-canister’ approach with vitrified High Level Waste (HLW), as originally proposed in the US. The paper discusses the requirements of alternative immobilization strategies. It identifies a range of options and presents cost estimates. The paper addresses the question of what would constitute a cost-effective approach to immobilization in a UK context.

Preparation and characterization of vitrified glass matrix for high level waste from MOX fuel processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 353 (52-54) ◽  
pp. 4647-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Yalmali ◽  
D.S. Deshingkar ◽  
P.K. Wattal ◽  
S.R. Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Mox Fuel ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Situating Continuing Professional Development in Life Long Learning in Qatar

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishanth Weerakkody ◽  
Mohamad Osmani ◽  
Paul Waller ◽  
Nitham Hindi ◽  
Rajab Al-Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

<p>Continued professional development (CPD) has been at the centre of capacity building in most successful organisations in western countries over the past few decades. Specialised professions in fields such as Accounting, Finance and ICT, to name but a few, are continuously evolving, which is necessitating certain standards to be followed through registration and certification by a designated authority (e.g. ACCA). Whilst most developed countries such as the UK and the US have well established frameworks for CPD for these professions, several developing nations, including Qatar (the chosen context for this article) are only just beginning to adopt these frameworks into their local contexts. However, the unique socio-cultural settings in such countries require these frameworks to be appropriately modified before they are adopted within the respective national context. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of CPD in Qatar through comparing the UK as a benchmark and drawing corresponding and contrasting observations to formulate a roadmap towards developing a high level framework.</p>

A cost effective approach to stormwater management? source control and distributed storage

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. G. Andoh ◽  
C. Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Cost

Rapid urbanisation and its consequent increase in impermeable surface areas and changes in land use has generally resulted in problems of flooding and heavy pollution of urban streams and other receiving waters. This has often been coupled with ground water depletion and a threat to water resources. The first part of this paper presents an alternative drainage philosophy and strategy which mimics nature's way by slowing down (attenuating) the movement of urban runoff. This approach results in cost-effective, affordable and sustainable drainage schemes. The alternative strategy can be described as one of prevention rather than cure by effecting controls closer to source rather than the traditional approach which results in the transfer of problems downstream, resulting in its cumulation and the need for large scale, centralised control. The second part describes a research project which has been launched in order to quantify the cost and operational benefits of source control and distributed storage. Details of the methodology of the modelling and simulation processes which are being followed to achieve this target are presented.

Canister Sealing for High Level Waste Encapsulation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Sweden has chosen to manage spent fuel rods by direct encapsulation and storage in a deep level repository. Two welding processes are being investigated for the sealing of copper vessels that form the outer barrier of the disposal canisters. TWI Ltd in the UK has developed Reduced Pressure Electron Beam Welding and Friction Stir Welding for 50mm thick copper. This paper describes some of the investigations and compares the techniques. Over the past 3 years a full-size canister welding machine has been designed and built. Specialised tools have been developed for the welding of thick sections in copper with very encouraging results.

Electro-reduction of hematite using water as the redox mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Xie ◽  
Ali Reza Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Molten salt electrolytic reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of water is proposed as a sustainable and cost-effective approach for large-scale production of iron.

A Modest Proposal: A Robust, Cost-Effective Design for High-Level Waste Packages

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Apted
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Design

ABSTRACTAn alternative waste-package design for the geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) glass is presented. In conventional designs, a massive buffer of compacted bentonite is placed around a thick-walled, mild-steel overpack; in the revised design, a much thinner buffer is placed within a thin-walled, mild-steel overpack. This simple expedient eliminates certain performance concerns in existing waste-package designs, while not necessitating the study of any new materials. This integrated waste package (IWP) design has comparable release-rate performance as current package designs for HLW. In addition, the 1WP design requires far-less rock excavation, permits significantly higher temperatures for longer periods, leads to a 20-50% reduction in repository area, and is more cost efficient than previous designs.

Initial public offerings: evidence from the UK

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Burrowes ◽  
Kevin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
London Stock Exchange ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alternative Investment

This investigation into the performance of Initial Public Offerings on the new Alternative Investment Market reveals that the expected high level of underpricing, that is usually associated with the risky nature of small, young and growing companies, is not supported by the evidence in this study. Raw and market adjusted figures reveal that IPOs listed on AIM at the London Stock Exchange appear to be only conservatively mispriced when contrasted to main board IPO listings in the US, UK and other countries. Due diligence listing requirements could be offsetting the otherwise risky nature of these small, young and growing companies. Finally AIM is discussed in terms of meeting its own targets and its ability to attract international listings.

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 14535-14555
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Based on the results, the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

scholarly journals A Green and Cost-effective Approach to Reutilize the Effluent from Bleaching Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Dyed Fabric ◽  
Textile Sector

Environmental science and management is often the most discussed subject nowadays all over the world. In a number of countries, presently plenty of harms are associated with the effluent by industrial due to growing industrialization; this issue should be considered at large scale. Textile sector is one of the leading areas, which uses a high amount of chemicals and creating environmental pollution. Textile wet processing sector uses a lot of chemicals, surfactants and synthetic dyes, hence produce a large amount of wastewater having a high concentration of chemicals. This research is an effort to investigate the amount of residue remained in liquor after bleaching and reuses this liquor by adding a few chemicals according to the requirement. Afterward, the comparison was made between the bleached sample with fresh liquor and bleached sample with reused liquor. It was observed that bleaching with reused liquor shows good results though these results are insignificantly less than fresh bleaching liquor. On the other hand, fortunately, the color yield of dyed fabric bleached with reused liquor is higher than fresh liquor.

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