Comparative Study on Manufacturability of Selective Emitter and Double Printing on Mono-Si PV Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
F.D. Jiang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Zeng ◽  
W. Shan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Selective Emitter ◽  
Production Platform

ABSTRACTSelective emitter structure has long been regarded as a good and relatively simple approach to improve the energy conversion efficiency of Si wafer-based single-junction photovoltaic (PV) cells. Recently emerged double printing method, on the other hand, potentially has the capability of improving the efficiency with no requirement for device structure modification. The manufacturability of these two approaches has been studied on a mass-production platform at JA Solar recently with large scale sampling. The experimental results collected from over two hundred thousand cells demonstrated that both approaches are capable of achieving significant conversion-efficiency gain in a cost-effective way with high yield rate on the PV industry commonly used mass production platform currently adopted by the vast majority of cell manufacturers

scholarly journals Applying Biomimetic Principles to Thermoelectric Cooling Devices for Water Collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kyle B Davidson ◽  
Bahram Asiabanpour ◽  
Zaid Almusaied
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Ideal

The shortage of freshwater resources in the world has developed the need for sustainable, cost-effective technologies that can produce freshwater on a large scale. Current solutions often have extensive manufacturing requirements, or involve the use of large quantities of energy or toxic chemicals. Atmospheric water generating solutions that minimize the depletion of natural resources can be achieved by incorporating biomimetics, a classification of design inspired by nature. This research seeks to optimize thermoelectric cooling systems for use in water harvesting applications by analyzing the different factors that affect surface temperature and water condensation in TEC devices. Further experiments will be directed towards developing a robust, repeatable system, as well as an accurate measurement system. Surface modifications, device structure and orientation, and power generation will also be studied to better understand the ideal conditions for maximum water collection in thermoelectric cooling systems.

scholarly journals MODEL EXPERIMENT AND FIELD TEST OF PW-OWC TYPE WAVE POWER EXTRACTING BREAKWATER

2017 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Shimosako ◽  
Taro Arikawa ◽  
Masahide Takeda ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kihara ◽  
Yasushi Hosokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wave Power Conversion

Many research studies on wave power conversion have been conducted in Japan over the past 30 years, but the outgrowth of these studies have yet to be put to practical use. In this study, medium-scale and large-scale hydraulic model experiments as well as prototype field test on a new oscillating water column with a projecting wall (PW-OWC) wave power extracting breakwater were carried out in order to investigate the efficiency of energy conversion. The primary energy conversion efficiency of the PW-OWC converter is about 10% larger than that of the standard OWC type used in the medium-scale experiments. The primary energy conversion efficiency of the large scale experiments is about 20-30-% smaller than that of the medium scale experiments. The secondary energy conversion efficiency ranges from 0.20 to 0.42 and becomes small when the wave period is short and the wave height is large.

scholarly journals Utilization of Crab Waste for Cost-Effective Bioproduction of Prodigiosin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Dai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
Van Anh Ngo ◽  
That Quang Ton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Level

This study aimed to establish the culture process for the cost-effective production of prodigiosin (PG) from demineralized crab shell powder (de-CSP), a fishery processing byproduct created via fermentation. Among the tested PG-producing strains, Serratia marcescens TNU02 was demonstrated to be the most active strain. Various ratios of protein/de-CSP were used as the sources of C/N for PG biosynthesis. The PG yield was significantly enhanced when the casein/de-CSP ratio was controlled in the range of 3/7 to 4/6. TNU02 produced PG with a high yield (5100 mg/L) in a 15 L bioreactor system containing 4.5 L of a newly-designed liquid medium containing 1.6% C/N source (protein/de-CSP ratio of 3/7), 0.02% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% K2HPO4, and an initial pH of 6.15, at 27 °C for 8 h in dark conditions. The red pigment was purified from the culture broth and then quantified as being PG by specific Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UV spectra analysis. The purified PG demonstrated moderate antioxidant and effective inhibition against four cancerous cell lines. Notably, this study was the first to report on using crab wastes for PG bioproduction with high-level productivity (5100 mg/L) in a large scale (4.5 L per pilot) in a short period of fermentation time (8 h). The salt compositions, including (NH4)2SO4 and K2HPO4, were also a novel finding for the enhancement of PG yield by S. marcescens in this report.

Research Progress of Quantum Dot Solar Cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 693-697
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cds Quantum Dot ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

The solar energy is the most promising energy to solve energy crisis and environmental problem. Quantum dot can be applied to solar cells in two structures of QDSC to improve the energy conversion efficiency. The two structures are p-i-n type QDSC and quantum dots sensitized solar cells. The energy conversion efficiency of p-i-n type QDSC may increase up to 45%. Both CdSe and CdS quantum dot can be used as the sensitizer of the QDSSC and each of them has its demerits and merits, but the conversion efficiency of QDSSC is low if they were used respectively. Thus, in order to overcome their demerits respectively, we could try to combine their merits. QDSC is the most promising technique to solve the problems of solar cell. But before large-scale application their efficiency and stability should be improved.

Composition Engineering of Organic–Inorganic Perovskites Prepared in Air for Highly Efficient Energy Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Ruiquan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Scale Production

The global energy crisis significantly raises the research on renewable energy materials and devices both in academic and industrial community. Besides the electrochemical energy such as batteries, the solar energy is another choice to develop renewable clean energy. During the last ten years, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a hot research topic and developed fast. However, large-scale production of PSCs is still hindered by the high cost of their fabrication process, because the perovskite films are known to be sensitive to oxygen and water. Therefore, developing a composition engineering in air for PSCs with high solar energy conversion efficiency is urgently required in the field. Herein, it is found that the crystallization and morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite films prepared in air are dependent on the processing methods. The perovskite grain size becomes larger when the concentration of CH3NH3I (MAI) solution was increased from 20 mg/mL to 70 mg/mL, which is beneficial for charge carrier transport and device performance. Thanks to the optimal perovskite fabrication process, the champion PSC has been fabricated in open air and it shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9%. More importantly, the PSC fabricated with our method shows good stability. This work provides an effective composition engineering to fabricate PSCs in air with both high PCE and stability.

scholarly journals Mass-Production and Characterizations of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Graphene Porous Nanofiber Membranes Using Needleless Dynamic Linear Electrospinning

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Mengxue Yan ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Bing-Chiuan Shiu ◽  
Ching-Wen Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes ◽  
Porous Nanofiber

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of large-scale preparation of porous polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/graphene (Gr) (Gr-AP) nanofiber membranes using a copper wire needleless dynamic linear electrode electrospinning machine. Furthermore, the effects of Gr concentrations (0, 0.0375, 0.075, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt.%) on the morphology, electrical, hydrophilicity and thermal properties were evaluated. Results indicate that the dynamic linear electrospun Gr-AP membranes have a high yield of 1.25 g/h and are composed of porous finer nanofibers with a diameter of 141 ± 31 nm. Gr improved the morphology, homogeneity, hydrophobicity and thermal stability of Gr-AP nanofiber membranes. The critical conductive threshold is 0.075 wt.% for Gr, which provides the nanofiber membranes with an even distribution of diameter, an optimal conductivity, good hydrophilicity, appropriate specific surface area and optimal thermal stability. Therefore, needleless dynamic linear electrospinning is beneficial to produce high quality Gr-AP porous nanofiber membranes, and the optimal parameters can be used in artificial nerve conduits and serve as a valuable reference for mass production of nanofiber membranes.

Achieving a solar power conversion efficiency exceeding 9% by modifying the structure of a simple, inexpensive and highly scalable polymer

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (47) ◽  
pp. 18585-18597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gururaj P. Kini ◽  
Sang Kyu Lee ◽  
Won Suk Shin ◽  
Sang-Jin Moon ◽  
Chang Eun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Large Scale Synthesis

The synthesized conjugated polymer with optimized molecular design was simple, cost-effective and compatible for large-scale synthesis and exhibited high efficiency,i.e., >9%.

Effective Lignin-First Fractionation of Softwood Lignocellulose Using a Mild Dimethyl Carbonate Organosolv Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santi ◽  
Maxim Galkin ◽  
Ciaran Lahive ◽  
Peter Deuss ◽  
Katalin Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Large-scale biorefineries converting lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals, fuels, and energy require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate all main lignocellulose constituents. A mild organosolv process has been developed using a system of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. Softwood biomass (pine, spruce, cedar, and Douglas fir) was fractionated using mild conditions: 140 °C, 40 min, DMC-EG, and sulfuric acid. Organosolv pulping of the softwood biomass usually leads to poor delignification hampering enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. However, for the developed system, effective pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis into glucose (up to 84.7%) was observed in combination with a high yield of monomeric hemicellulose sugars and monophenolic compounds from lignin (up to 98% compared to theoretical monomer yield). In sum, effective fractionation and in situ lignin depolymerization was demonstrated for various softwood feedstock combined with limited solvent loss at mild conditions and low reactor pressure.<br>

Effective Lignin-First Fractionation of Softwood Lignocellulose Using a Mild Dimethyl Carbonate Organosolv Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Santi ◽  
Maxim Galkin ◽  
Ciaran Lahive ◽  
Peter Deuss ◽  
Katalin Barta
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Large-scale biorefineries converting lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals, fuels, and energy require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate all main lignocellulose constituents. A mild organosolv process has been developed using a system of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. Softwood biomass (pine, spruce, cedar, and Douglas fir) was fractionated using mild conditions: 140 °C, 40 min, DMC-EG, and sulfuric acid. Organosolv pulping of the softwood biomass usually leads to poor delignification hampering enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. However, for the developed system, effective pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis into glucose (up to 84.7%) was observed in combination with a high yield of monomeric hemicellulose sugars and monophenolic compounds from lignin (up to 98% compared to theoretical monomer yield). In sum, effective fractionation and in situ lignin depolymerization was demonstrated for various softwood feedstock combined with limited solvent loss at mild conditions and low reactor pressure.<br>

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