scholarly journals Integral Utilization of Red Seaweed for Bioactive Production

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Herminia Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Sequential Separation

The hydrocolloids carrageenan and agar are the major fraction industrially extracted and commercialized from red seaweeds. However, this type of macroalgae also contains a variety of components with nutritional, functional and biological properties. In the context of sustainability and bioeconomy, where the integral utilization of the natural resources is incentivized, the sequential separation and valorization of seaweed components with biological properties of interest for food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals is proposed. In this work, a review of the available conventional and alternative greener and efficient extraction for obtaining red seaweed bioactives is presented. The potential of emerging technologies for the production of valuable oligomers from carrageenan and agar is also commented, and finally, the sequential extraction of the constituent fractions is discussed.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Milena Álvarez-Viñas ◽  
Sandra Souto ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Isabel Bandín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Composition Structure

Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Profiling of a Red Seaweed Pyropia yezoensis: Insights into Biosynthetic Pathways in the Order Bangiales

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Koizumi ◽  
Naoki Takatani ◽  
Noritoki Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Mikami ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are natural pigments that contribute to light harvesting and photo-protection in photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we analyzed the carotenoid profiles, including mono-hydroxy and epoxy-carotenoids, in the economically valuable red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, to clarify the detailed biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in the order Bangiales. P. yezoensis contained lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, as major carotenoids in both the thallus and conchocelis stages. Monohydroxy intermediate carotenoids for the synthesis of lutein with an ε-ring from α-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3’-ol), and zeinoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3-ol) were identified. In addition, β-cryptoxanthin, an intermediate in zeaxanthin synthesis from β-carotene, was also detected. We also identified lutein-5,6-epoxide and antheraxanthin, which are metabolic products of epoxy conversion from lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, by LC-MS and 1H-NMR. This is the first report of monohydroxy-carotenoids with an ε-ring and 5,6-epoxy-carotenoids in Bangiales. These results provide new insights into the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of carotenoids in red seaweeds.

scholarly journals Successful Approaches for a Red Seaweed Biorefinery

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvarez-Viñas ◽  
Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Torres ◽  
Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Full Utilization ◽  
Terrestrial Biomass

Macroalgae have been commercially exploited as food and for the production of phycocolloids, but they also contain compounds with potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, chemical and energetic applications. The biorefinery concept applied to seaweed facilitates the extraction of different constituents ensuring full utilization of resources and generating few residues through a succession of steps. Seaweed biorefineries are less advanced than those based on terrestrial biomass and the design of efficient processes requires further study. This review presents practical successful examples to obtain two or more commercially valuable components from red seaweeds. The selected processes consist on cascading stages of both conventional and alternative techniques to illustrate different possible valorization strategies.

scholarly journals Potential of Carrageenans in Foods and Medical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizh Muhammad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

Background: Carrageenans, the polysaccharides obtained by extraction of certain species of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae), have been widely used in both food industry and medical applications because of their excellent physical functional properties that are used as gelling, thickening and stabilizing agent. Several studies showed biological properties of carrageenans such as antiviral, anticoagulant, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity.  Aims: This study is to bring a short overview of the potential of carrageenans in foods and medical applications based on their biological activities.Methods: This short overview used relevant works and articles examined that collected through several electronic database including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link and Google Scholars for the years 1991-2018 with full text in English.Results: This study is an alternative approach that is necessary in order to present the potential of carrageenans in foods and medical applications.The advantages of carrageenans as a food additive and pharmaceutical formulation lie on their high availability, low cost, and low induction of resistance. Conclusion: This review suggested that carrageenans are suitable to be applied in many kinds of food products as gelling and thickening agent with their antioxidant potency as well as medical applications such as pharmaceutical formulations in drug delivery and experimental medicine. However, more comprehensive studies on toxicity and side effect of carrageenans are necessary.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cotas ◽  
Adriana Leandro ◽  
Diana Pacheco ◽  
Ana M. M. Gonçalves ◽  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biomedical Interest ◽  
Advanced Applications

The red seaweed group (Rhodophyta) is one of the phyla of macroalgae, among the groups Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyta, brown and green seaweeds, respectively. Nowadays, all groups of macroalgae are getting the attention of the scientific community due to the bioactive substances they produce. Several macroalgae products have exceptional properties with nutraceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical interest. The main compounds studied are the fatty acids, pigments, phenols, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most exploited molecules, which are already widely used in various industries and are, presently, entering into more advanced applications from the therapeutic point of view. The focuses of this review are the red seaweeds’ compounds, its proprieties, and its uses. Moreover, this work discusses new possible applications of the compounds of the red seaweeds.

scholarly journals Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Pilar Garcia-Jimenez ◽  
Sara R. Mantesa ◽  
Rafael R. Robaina
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Two Stages

Carrageenan, the foremost constituent of extracellular matrix of some rhodophyta, is a galactan backbone with a different number of sulphate groups attached. Variations of degree of sulphation are associated with different types of carrageenans, which vary according to seaweed life cycles, and have consequences for the exploitation of this raw material. In this work, we used three well-recognised stages of development thalli and two stages of cystocarp maturation to analyse genes that encode addition and elimination of sulphate groups to cell-wall galactan of the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Expressions of carbohydrate sulfotransferase and galactose-6 sulfurylase and genes encoding stress proteins such as cytochrome P450 and WD40, were examined. Results showed that transcript expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase occurs at all stage of thalli development. Meanwhile galactose-6 sulfurylase expressions displayed different roles, which could be related to a temporal regulation of cystocarp maturation. Cytochrome P450 and WD40 are related to the disclosure and maturation of cystocarps of G. imbricata. Our conclusion is that differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the sulphation and desulphation of galactan backbone is associated with alterations in thalli development and cystocarp maturation in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Exploitation of industry-valued carrageenan will depend on insight into gene mechanisms of red seaweeds.

scholarly journals Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, and Its Chlorophyll Derivative on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Suppression of Lipid Accumulation through Downregulation of Adipogenic Protein Expression

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu-An Lu ◽  
Jun-Geon Je ◽  
Thilina U. Jayawardena ◽  
Min-Cheol Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Chlorophyll Derivative ◽  
Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Grateloupia elliptica (G. elliptica) is a red seaweed with antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. However, the anti-obesity activity of G. elliptica has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the effect of G. elliptica ethanol extract on the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by Oil Red O staining (ORO) was evaluated. Among the eight red seaweeds tested, G. elliptica 60% ethanol extract (GEE) exhibited the highest inhibition of lipid accumulation. GEE was the only extract to successfully suppress lipid accumulation among ethanol extracts from eight red seaweeds. In this study, we successfully isolated chlorophyll derivative (CD) from the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) of GEE by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaluated their inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CD significantly suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, CD suppressed adipogenic protein expression such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Taken together, our results indicate that CD from GEE inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis via the downregulation of adipogenic protein expressions in the differentiated adipocytes. Therefore, chlorophyll from G. elliptica has a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and it could be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing obesity.

scholarly journals IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DOS RESÍDUOS DA SUINOCULTURA INDUSTRIAL E ALTERNATIVAS DE TRATAMENTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Luís Paulo de Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria de Almeida Brainer ◽  
Waldeliza Fernandes da Cunha ◽  
Alexandre Kluge Pereira ◽  
Ronaildo Fabino Neto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Soil And Water

Modern swine has been notable for growth in the last decades, however, the intensification of pig farming has been causing great environmental problems, evidencing the pollution of natural resources such as air, soil and water. In regions with high concentration of farms, most animal waste is released to the soil and water courses without criteria or prior treatment, becoming an important source of environmental pollution. When waste is properly managed, it is no longer polluting and becomes a valuable source of fertilizer, as well as preserving and improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, avoiding the use of petroleum-based inputs that are highly energetic and expensive. In our country several methods are used for the handling and treatment of waste, each of which has its own particularities. This paper deals with the environmental impacts caused by the irrational disposal of industrial swine residues and presents the legal techniques of treatment of swine manure, aiming at its reuse with higher agronomic value.

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