scholarly journals Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Global Commons

International eia Law and Geoengineering: Do Emerging Technologies Require Special Rules?

Climate Law ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 111-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Craik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Current Risk ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

This article explores the adequacy of the international rules on environmental impact assessment to contribute to geoengineering governance, with a focus on three fundamental challenges. First, the near-universal trigger for eia is the likelihood of significant environmental impact, which may prove to be insufficiently precautionary in light of current risk preferences surrounding geoengineering. Second, the scope of eia has traditionally focused narrowly on the assessment of direct physical impacts; however, many of the concerns that geoengineering research raises relate to environmental and social risks associated with downstream technological implications. A third and related challenge is the consultation requirements under eia laws, which focus on affected states and affected members of the public. Because many geoengineering activities are anticipated to impact the global commons, there is no clear institutional mechanism for implementing notification and consultation. Additionally, the broader sets of concerns that geoengineering raises are spatially unbounded, again making the identification of consultation partners uncertain. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the challenges and limitations of the rules of eia for geoengineering.

scholarly journals Smart City Design Principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 865-899
Author(s):  
Prachi Deora
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
City Design ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The City

: A smart city should embrace the concept of sustainable growth, as it is an urgent need, and we cannot hesitate in coping with precious natural resources and plunge into crisis. To make the city run as a smart city, several things should be included in the situation. To make the city run as a smart city, several things should be included in the situation. In the long term, smart city visions that are inclusive, pluralistic, and citizen-centric, focused on developing services and resolving local challenges, would be the most effective and cost-efficient. They are most likely to avoid potential issues by strengthening both physical facilities and amenities, as well as the city’s sense of culture.

scholarly journals The United States of America – A Declining World Hegemon?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Benjamin Klasche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

In this article the alleged demise of the United States of America (USA) and the ability of its challengers will be discussed and analyzed. Based on George Modelski’s concept of Long-Cycles in Global Politics we can anticipate a disruption in the hegemonic position – currently held by the USA. Considering, the possibility of this scenario, the author executed a pragmatic comparative study and sketches out the chances for the two main competitors – China and India – which struggle mightily with domestic issues and on the other side presents four arguments, why the decline of the USA is not as apparent and looming as partly presumed. The arguments are: (i) the independence supply of natural resources; (ii) its supremacy over the world seas; (iii) reinstated activity in the Rimland and (iiii) control over the Global Commons.

Transboundary Impacts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Handl
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
International Responsibility

Although transboundary impact might be understood to include effects ranging from political and economic to ideological or intangible ones, in international environmental legal discourse the notion is generally understood to involve transboundary physical effects. Transboundary impacts in this former, wider sense may be subject to special treaty regimes, which, however, bear only indirectly on international environmental law. This article examines legal norms applicable to transboundary impacts on other individual states or group of states, their territory, natural resources, and people to the exclusion of transboundary effects of a global nature or affecting the global commons only. Much of international law governing transboundary impacts has an essentially bilateralist grounding. By contrast, norms applicable to the global commons more typically reflect the notion of an international communitarian interest in environmental protection. This article also considers transboundary environmental impacts in international law, international responsibility and liability for transboundary impacts, and the institutionalisation of transboundary environmental impact management.

scholarly journals Integral Utilization of Red Seaweed for Bioactive Production

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Herminia Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Sequential Separation

The hydrocolloids carrageenan and agar are the major fraction industrially extracted and commercialized from red seaweeds. However, this type of macroalgae also contains a variety of components with nutritional, functional and biological properties. In the context of sustainability and bioeconomy, where the integral utilization of the natural resources is incentivized, the sequential separation and valorization of seaweed components with biological properties of interest for food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals is proposed. In this work, a review of the available conventional and alternative greener and efficient extraction for obtaining red seaweed bioactives is presented. The potential of emerging technologies for the production of valuable oligomers from carrageenan and agar is also commented, and finally, the sequential extraction of the constituent fractions is discussed.

scholarly journals Teaching History in Ways C21st Students Learn – A Design-Based Research Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 259-280
Author(s):  
Dorothy Kyagaba Sebbowa ◽  
Dick Ng’ambi
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Modern Tool

One of the challenges of teaching current students’ history is how to transform a generally boring subject to appeal to 21st century students. The continued use of traditional methods in teaching history by lecturers emphasizes recitation and narration. This makes student inactive. In this paper, we propose a model for teaching history using emerging technologies in ways that stimulate learners’ interest and draw on historical contexts. Following the four stages of design-based research methodology, two iterations were designed and examined where pre-service teachers (C21st students) used multimodal affordances of emerging technologies (modern tool) to interrogate historical facts (history) in creative and engaging manner. The findings suggest that design principles and guidelines have potential to help students and teachers to restore interest in history teaching and learning while simultaneously guiding and interpreting the human past. A major outcome of this research was the development of five major design principles and guidelines for teaching history in ways that C21st students learn - ¬¬connecting with the present, appreciating heritage, dialogue in history, doing history and validating history.

From Mare Liberum to the Global Commons: Building on the Grotian Heritage

Grotiana ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vid Prislan ◽  
Nico Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
National Jurisdiction

AbstractThis article addresses the heritage of Grotius's concept of common goods (res communes) as developed in his seminal work Mare liberum. This contribution identifies the basic tenets of Grotius's thinking on the nature of common property and identifies the relevance of these ideas for the present day management of global commons, i.e., the areas and natural resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Successively, the article examines the regimes for: the deep seabed, the high seas, and marine mammals; outer space, particularly the moon; the two polar regions; and the atmosphere, in particular the ozone layer and the climate system. The article demonstrates how some of the original tenets of Grotius's concept of res communis – in particular the idea of inexhaustibility – can no longer be upheld and how the freedom of access to the global commons has become increasingly qualified and supplemented, if not replaced by a new law of international co-operation aimed at conservation and sustainable use of natural wealth and resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. The global commons function as laboratories for the testing of new principles of international law and new forms of international co-operation, which can be said to clearly build upon the Grotian heritage.

Elinor Ostrom,

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Poteete
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Prisoners Dilemma ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Conventional Models

This chapter comments on Elinor Ostrom’s 1990 bookGoverning the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, which issues a direct challenge to conventional economic models of collective action. Focusing on common pool natural resources, Ostrom argues that collective action is a much more common occurrence than predicted by conventional models and proposes eight design principles associated with enduring institutions for resource management. This chapter summarizes Ostrom’s main arguments, including her critique of conventional models on the management of shared natural resources. It also looks at three influential models identified by Ostrom that represent the conventional wisdom: the tragedy of the commons, the prisoners’ dilemma, and the logic of collective action.

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