scholarly journals Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Schabowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Recent Developments

This issue is proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this issue should relate to different aspects of testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials and elements to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semi-destructive, and nondestructive testing. The trend, as in medicine, is toward designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Very interesting results with significance for building practices of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering were obtained.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Schabowicz
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Non Destructive

This issue was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of non-destructive testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

Resistance of Binding Systems of Various Compositions to the Action of Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 786 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V.V. STROKOVA ◽  
◽  
V.V. NELUBOVA ◽  
M.N. SIVALNEVA ◽  
M.D. RYKUNOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biological Corrosion ◽  
Test Objects

The dynamic development of urbanization contributes to an increase in emissions of industrial waste, which is the cause dysfunction of the ecosystem balance and leads to the development of biological corrosion on building materials associated with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the resistance of composites to predict the durability of building structures under conditions of biological influence of microorganisms. Binder systems of various compositions were studied: cementless nanostructured binders (NB) based on quartz sand and granodiorite, gypsum, Portland cement and alumina cement. The toxicity of binders was assessed by biotesting on living organisms – cladocerans Daphnia Magna – according to the criteria of the intensity of their growth and viability. As a result, the high environmental safety of NB is substantiated, and the ranking of the studied binders according to the degree of increase in their toxicity to test objects is presented. Fungal resistance was assessed by the ability of molds for growing and reproduction on the studied samples. It was found that the most active in terms of the development of binders were representatives of the genus Aspergillus, the intensity of growing of which in all variants did not decrease below 3 points. Gypsum and NB were especially vulnerable, where the degree of fouling repeatedly reached 5 points. Even the initially biostable cement, after the aging process, lost its stability at different extent. The obtained results indicate the need to increase the resistance of composites for various purposes under conditions of biocorrosion at the stage of design and updating of regulatory documents, including tests for fungal resistance in the list of mandatory.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

The Development of Green Building Materials Trend in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
Bao Zhu Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Tendency

Building material is the base of civil engineering construction, in the history of thousands of years of development, building materials also gradually change and change, and is closely related to the progress of human civilization and the development of science and technology.Green building materials has the vital significance to the construction of a conservation-oriented society and sustainable development, in accordance with China's social development.This paper introduces the importance of the development of green building materials,analyzes some factors influencing the development of green building materials in China,and discusses the development tendency of green building materials in China.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF VERTICALITY CONSTRUCTION OF BUSHINGS FOR LABORATORY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Jadviščok ◽  
Rostislav Dandoš ◽  
Tomaš Jiroušek
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polar Method ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This contribution describes process which was used for verticality measurement of the bushings for laboratory construction materials in the pavilion of testing. This pavilion is newly built in VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, as part of the Testing house of the building materials. The requirement of the building investor was to determine the verticality of the bushings placed between the first aboveground and the first underground floor. After the building finishing, the bushings with the diameter 70 mm will be used for loading tests of various building materials. The final number of bushings is 169, and they are placed lengthwise and crosswise in the step of 750 mm. The centres of the bushings were measured by polar method in pavilion local coordinate system. The precision of the bushing centres determination was }5 mm according to the investor´s requirement. The precision would not be followed if the standard equipment for reflector fixing was used. In that case, it was necessary to design and manufacture special tool in the shape of truncated cone. On the top part was placed central pivot for reflector with additional plate bubble.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Integration of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Engineered Materials Testing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6175
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumpati ◽  
Wojciech Skarka ◽  
Sunith Kumar Ontipuli
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Methods ◽  
Engineered Materials

Material failure may occur in a variety of situations dependent on stress conditions, temperature, and internal or external load conditions. Many of the latest engineered materials combine several material types i.e., metals, carbon, glass, resins, adhesives, heterogeneous and nanomaterials (organic/inorganic) to produce multilayered, multifaceted structures that may fail in ductile, brittle, or both cases. Mechanical testing is a standard and basic component of any design and fabricating process. Mechanical testing also plays a vital role in maintaining cost-effectiveness in innovative advancement and predominance. Destructive tests include tensile testing, chemical analysis, hardness testing, fatigue testing, creep testing, shear testing, impact testing, stress rapture testing, fastener testing, residual stress measurement, and XRD. These tests can damage the molecular arrangement and even the microstructure of engineered materials. Nondestructive testing methods evaluate component/material/object quality without damaging the sample integrity. This review outlines advanced nondestructive techniques and explains predominantly used nondestructive techniques with respect to their applications, limitations, and advantages. The literature was further analyzed regarding experimental developments, data acquisition systems, and technologically upgraded accessory components. Additionally, the various combinations of methods applied for several types of material defects are reported. The ultimate goal of this review paper is to explain advanced nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques/tests, which are comprised of notable research work reporting evolved affordable systems with fast, precise, and repeatable systems with high accuracy for both experimental and data acquisition techniques. Furthermore, these advanced NDT approaches were assessed for their potential implementation at the industrial level for faster, more accurate, and secure operations.

scholarly journals OBJECTS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPERIENCE OF SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE “QUALITY” CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-634
Author(s):  
I. S. Pulyaev ◽  
S. M. Pulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Modern Building

Introduction. The paper deals with the issues related to the implementation of the “quality” concept in the construction of reinforced concrete transport facilities linked with the scientific support during design and construction. Nowadays this problem particularly relevant in the context of the modern construction solutions, combined with the need to obtain the required properties of concrete structures and ensure the economic feasibility of construction. The aim of the research is to generalize and systematize the main methods and techniques of concrete works, which minimize the defects and cracks while the construction of transport infrastructure.Materials and methods. On the example of different technologies used in the Russian construction over last 10 years, the authors demonstrated the developed methods of obtaining high quality concrete products taking into account tested and proved modern building materials.Results. The results of the research formed the basis of the projects, technological regulations for the production, specifications and standards of organizations, guidelines. Moreover, the results also allowed implementing the concept of “quality” in transport construction based on obtaining defect-free reinforced concrete structures with specified properties, taking into account the use of modern building materials.Discussion and conclusions. The research allows carrying out construction of various massiveness and extent. The obtained results form the basis of construction technology of other industrial and civil construction objects with reinforced concrete application. The paper is interesting and useful for specialists in providing defect-free construction of reinforced concrete building structures, for engineering and technical staff. The authors dedicate the research to the memory of Professor and Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.R. Solovyanchik (1938-2019).

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Concretes: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
ilker bekir topçu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Mineral Additives

Many studies have been carried out on the problems of civil engineering with the change of human problems today and in the past. These studies contributed to the development of concrete technology. Concrete is an important building material consisting of mixing aggregate, cement and water with or without chemical and mineral additives since the first day of use. Concrete technology has made great progress and continues. With developing concrete technology, self-cleaning concretes have emerged. Many studies have been conducted on self-cleaning concretes by researchers. This article reviews the research published on self-cleaning concretes and presents its role in reducing environmental pollution and its place in future engineering studies. When we look at the studies on self-cleaning concretes that emerged as a result of the developments in concrete technology, it is seen that the developments have progressed considerably. Contemporary civil engineering has provided a highly effective solution for the solution of modern problems. Environmentally friendly building materials will fulfil their duty in reducing air pollution, one of the biggest problems of our time. Self-cleaning buildings and roads that reduce pollution may sound like futuristic ideas, but it is not far away to encounter these structures more widely in our country and our world.

Experimental method of evaluation of performance easily disposable construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
V.V. Nizhnyk ◽  
◽  
O.F. Nikulin ◽  
S.V. Pozdeev ◽  
D.O. Dobriak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Excess Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

This article presents the current state of affairs in cases of explosions in Ukraine and preventive measures to protect against them. The relevance of studies on the substantiation of the methodology for calculating the parameters of easily disposable structures for explosive and fire hazardous premises has been determined. The analysis of domestic and foreign regulatory documents for the design and installation of window openings in buildings for various purposes is carried out. The permissible values of the overpressure of the explosion, which does not cause significant damage to building structures and is safe for people, are considered. The subject of the study is the effect of the amount of gas on the design parameters of the research stand for the experimental evaluation of easily disposable structures. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the design and the main technical parameters of the research stand for assessing the performance of easily sisposable structures. The essence of the proposed research method is to create an excess pressure from the explosion of a mixture of propane-butane with air in the working volume and to study the effect of this excess pressure of the explosion on a prototype of an easily disposable structure. An experimental stand for studying the processes of the influence of the magnitude of the overpressure of an explosion in a confined space on the design parameters of easily disposable structures is simple in design, provides an imitation of a part of a building (structure) fragment and makes it possible to study the possibility of using certain building materials with different geometric parameters as easily disposable structures, which, in turn, allows the researcher to obtain more reliable data for analysis. The existing experimental methods for evaluating the parameters of easily disposable structures are analyzed. The dimensions of the research stand and the parameters of its enclosing structures, the critical values of the overpressure of the explosion, which the stand should create, and the minimum amount of gas, the combustion of which will provide the necessary overpressure of the explosion in the stand, are substantiated. A fundamentally new stand for the experimental evaluation of the parameters of easily disposable structures, a program and experimental research methodology have been developed.

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