scholarly journals Overview of Materials Used for the Basic Elements of Hydraulic Actuators and Sealing Systems and Their Surfaces Modification Methods

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Justyna Skowrońska ◽  
Andrzej Kosucki ◽  
Łukasz Stawiński
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Hydraulic Actuators ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Chromium Plating ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Tribological Parameters

The article is an overview of various materials used in power hydraulics for basic hydraulic actuators components such as cylinders, cylinder caps, pistons, piston rods, glands, and sealing systems. The aim of this review is to systematize the state of the art in the field of materials and surface modification methods used in the production of actuators. The paper discusses the requirements for the elements of actuators and analyzes the existing literature in terms of appearing failures and damages. The most frequently applied materials used in power hydraulics are described, and various surface modifications of the discussed elements, which are aimed at improving the operating parameters of actuators, are presented. The most frequently used materials for actuators elements are iron alloys. However, due to rising ecological requirements, there is a tendency to looking for modern replacements to obtain the same or even better mechanical or tribological parameters. Sealing systems are manufactured mainly from thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers, which are characterized by low friction and ensure the best possible interaction of seals with the cooperating element. In the field of surface modification, among others, the issue of chromium plating of piston rods has been discussed, which, due, to the toxicity of hexavalent chromium, should be replaced by other methods of improving surface properties.

A Review on R&D Status and Application of Fly Ash Cenospheres in Microwave Absorption

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1886-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jiang Long Yu ◽  
Ping Yang Wang ◽  
Huan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Absorption ◽  
Wave Absorption ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Fly Ash Cenospheres

The paper provides an overview of surface modification and application of fly ash cenospheres. The state of the art research and development of electromagnetic wave absorption materials based on surface treated fly ash cenospheres are summarized.

scholarly journals A Review on Development of Ceramic-Graphene Based Nanohybrid Composite Systems in Biological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Jakubczak ◽  
Agnieszka M. Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Water Decontamination ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Materials Used

Graphene-based nanocomposites constitute an interesting and promising material for various applications. Intensive progress in the development of this group of materials offers an opportunity to create new systems useful for drinking water decontamination or other biotechnological applications. Nanohybrid structures of graphene-ceramic systems can be obtained using covalent graphene surface modification with nanoparticles (NPs) of ceramic and/or co-deposition of metals with selected morphology and chemistry. The present paper systematizes the associated bio-related knowledge and inspires future development of graphene/NPs systems. Emerging knowledge and unique research techniques are reviewed within designing the required nanocomposite structure and chemical composition, development and optimization of new methods of covalent surface modification of graphene with NPs as well as analysis of mechanisms governing the formation of covalent bonding. Further, innovative research tools and methodologies are presented regarding the adjustment of functionalities of materials used for the application in drinking water decontamination or biocidal composites. This study provides a comprehensive base for rational development of more complex, hybrid graphene-based nanomaterials with various bio-functionalities that can be further applied in industrial practice.

Surface Modification of Cellulose Membrane by Air Plasma Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Nawal Binhayeeniyi ◽  
Adinan Jehsu ◽  
Mancharee Sukpet ◽  
Safitree Nawae
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cellulose Membranes ◽  
Hydrophilic Membranes ◽  
Air Plasma Treatment

Low-temperature air plasma was used to treat the cellulose membranes by varying the period of time from 10 to 30 minutes. The surfaces of membranes were changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic membranes. The contact angles of treated membranes were increased when increasing time to treat. The surface modifications of membrane before and after treated were characterized by SEM. It is shown that air plasma treatment is used to improve the roughness. The dielectric property was also studied.

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning: From Bio-Inspired Surface Modification to MEMS/Microfluidics System Integration

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Sun ◽  
Karl Böhringer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
System Integration ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Microfluidic Systems ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

This review focuses on self-cleaning surfaces, from passive bio-inspired surface modification including superhydrophobic, superomniphobic, and superhydrophilic surfaces, to active micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and digital microfluidic systems. We describe models and designs for nature-inspired self-cleaning schemes as well as novel engineering approaches, and we discuss examples of how MEMS/microfluidic systems integrate with functional surfaces to dislodge dust or undesired liquid residues. Meanwhile, we also examine “waterless” surface cleaning systems including electrodynamic screens and gecko seta-inspired tapes. The paper summarizes the state of the art in self-cleaning surfaces, introduces available cleaning mechanisms, describes established fabrication processes and provides practical application examples.

Surface Modification and Ablation of Insulators Using a Tunable, Picosecond Mid-Infrared Laser

1998 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Haglund ◽  
D. R. Ermer ◽  
A. H. Lines ◽  
M. R. Papantonakis ◽  
H. K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Vibrational Excitation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Near Ultraviolet

AbstractUltrashort-pulse lasers with fundamental wavelengths ranging from near-infrared to near-ultraviolet are increasingly being used for laser-induced surface modification of non-metallic solids. The relaxation of the initial electronic excitation into vibrational relaxation modes can produce efficient ablation and other desirable surface modifications with little collateral damage because the laser energy is deposited on a time scale much shorter than thermal diffusion times. Little is known, however, about how ultrashort pulses interact with insulators at wavelengths in the vibrational infrared. This paper describes surface modifications achieved by picosecond laser irradiation in the 2-10 lim range. The laser source was a tunable, free-electron laser (FEL) with I-ps micro-pulses spaced 350 ps apart in a macropulse lasting up to 4 μs, with an average power of up to 3 W. This unusual pulse structure makes possible novel tests of the influences vs fluence and intensity, as well as the effects of resonant vibrational excitation. As model materials systems, we studied calcium carbonate, its isoelectronic cousin sodium nitrate, and fused silica. Particularly intriguing are surface modifications achieved by tuning the laser into vibrational resonances and overtones of the target materials, or by tailoring the energy content of the pulse. The mechanisms underlying these effects, and their implications for materials-modification strategies, are discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance Evaluation of Common Exterior Residential Wall Types in Egypt

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Khaled Tarabieh ◽  
Ahmed Aboulmagd
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Composite Walls

The demand for energy-efficient housing is on the rise in Egypt. The information about the individual materials used in the construction of typical residential wall assemblies are known in the literature. However, data from lab tests to validate the performance for whole composite walls are limited. Three typical wall types were constructed and tested utilizing a standard experimental evaluation procedure based on thermal convection loads. A research framework combining the validated thermal performance data from the experimental test and the simulated data was developed. The experimental tests were performed utilizing a state-of-the-art guarded hotbox apparatus and following the guidelines of the ASTM C1363-11 standard. The solar radiation load was taken into account in the calculations according to the standard, and the error estimation and uncertainty analysis for the experimental tests are reported. The results of the experimental testing are described and a recommendation of the best wall type is noted. The output of this research will help to initiate a material database of the thermal performance of typical residential wall types used in Egypt that have been validated in the lab. This will be useful for the building industry as a whole to understand the performance of the materials in composite assemblies and their impact on energy efficiency.

Overview of Nanocellulose in Food Packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Souza ◽  
Leda Gottschalk ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Products ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Near Future

Background: The rising concern with environmental preservation has led to increasing interest in biodegradable polymer composites from renewable sources, such as cellulose and its derivatives. The use of nanocellulose is an innovative food packaging trend. Discussion: This paper presents an overview and discusses the state of the art of different nanocellulose materials used in food and food packaging, and identifies important patents related to them. It is important to consider that before marketing, new products must be proven safe for consumers and the environment. Conclusion: Several packaging materials using nanocellulose have been developed and shown to be promising for use as active and intelligent materials for food packaging. Other nanocellulose products are under investigation for packaging and may enter the market in the near future. Many countries have been adjusting their regulatory frameworks to deal with nanotechnologies, including nanocellulose packaging.

scholarly journals A state of the art literature review on anaerobic digestion of food waste: influential operating parameters on methane yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Komilis ◽  
Raquel Barrena ◽  
Rafaela Lora Grando ◽  
Vasilia Vogiatzi ◽  
Antoni Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Operating Parameters

Controlled implant/soft tissue interaction by nanoscale surface modifications of 3D porous titanium implants

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 9908-9918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rieger ◽  
Agnès Dupret-Bories ◽  
Laetitia Salou ◽  
Marie-Helene Metz-Boutigue ◽  
Pierre Layrolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Soft Tissue Response ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Nanoscale surface modification of titanium microbeads can control the soft tissue response in vitro and in vivo.

Implant Surface Modification and Osseointegration-Past, Present and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kumar ◽  
V Kumar ◽  
M Goel ◽  
R Mehta ◽  
G Bhayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Jaw Bones

ABSTRACT Biological fixation between the dental implant surfaces and jaw bones should be considered a prerequisite for the long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. The implant surface modifications gained an important and decisive place in implant research over the last years. Nowadays, a large number of implant types with a great variety of surface properties and other features are commercially available and have to be treated with caution. Although surface modifications have been shown to enhance osseointegration at early implantation times, for example, the clinician should look for research evidence before selecting a dental implant for a specific use.

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