scholarly journals Tribological Behavior of Phenolic Resin-Based Friction Composites Filled with Graphite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
En Zhang ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Yunzhuo Lu ◽  
Xiaoming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Transfer Layer ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Peeling Off

In this paper, the influence of graphite (Gr) on the dry sliding tribological properties of phenolic resin (PF) composites was studied under different sliding speeds of 3.1–47.1 m/s. The wear mechanism was investigated by the observation of the morphology of the transfer layer during the dry sliding process. It was found that the addition of Gr could decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate effectively, and the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased with the increase of Gr content in the range of 10–30 vol.%. The dominant wear mechanisms of PF-based friction composites changed from adhesive wear to fatigue wear (in the form of peeling-off) in the high sliding speed condition after the addition of Gr. The addition of Gr effectively reduced the sensitivity of PF-based friction materials to sliding speeds, and thus enhanced the stability of the friction coefficient. When the content of Gr was above 20 vol.%, the stability of the friction coefficient was relatively steady.

Tribological Behavior of Irritation Cross-Linked UHMWPE under Dry Sliding

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Bo Wang ◽  
Zi Feng Ni ◽  
Shi Rong Ge
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Scratch Hardness ◽  
The Cross

The cross-linked UHMWPE mixed with Vitamin E (VE) was prepared by hot press and then irradiated with gamma radial of 100 kGy does. The scratch hardness, micro-hardness and cross-linking density of cross-linked UHMWPE was measured. The tribilogical behavior also was examined. The experimental results indicated that the scratch hardness and micro-hardness of irradiation virgin and NC/UHMWPE are higher than that of virgin UHMWPE. Mixing VE decreased the cross-linking density of irradiated UHMWPE. Friction coefficients of virgin and cross-linked UHMWPE were seldom affected by irradiation and mixing VE. It was ranged from 0.35 to 0.37. Wear rate of virgin and cross-linked UHMWPE were strongly influenced by irradiation and mixing VE. Wear rate had an inverse proportional to the scratch hardness. The cross-linking and mixing VE in UHMWPE change the severity of adhesive wear of UHMWPE. For virgin UHMWPE, irradiated virgin UHMWPE and 0.1wt%VE/UHMWPE, the severity of adhesive wear was gradually decreased. Besides adhesion, poluging was the wear mechanism of irradiated 0.3wt%VE/UHMWPE.

Dry Sliding Tribological Behavior of Columnar-Grained Fe2B Intermetallic Compound Under Different Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemin Li ◽  
Zhifu Huang ◽  
Ting Min ◽  
Jiamei Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Dynamic Friction Coefficient ◽  
Worn Surface

The dry sliding tribological behavior of a columnar-grained Fe2B intermetallic compound under different normal loads was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XPS, and 3D laser scanning microscope. The results indicated that under a load of 12 N, after a 35 min break-in period, the dynamic friction coefficient decreased from 0.78 to about 0.6 and this low value was maintained until the end of test. When the normal load increased from 4 N to 20 N, both the average friction coefficient and wear rate values initially decreased and then increased. The lowest values of the average friction coefficient and wear rate were obtained under a load of 12 N. As the load increased from 4 N to 12 N, a complete film formed on worn surface. Nevertheless, when the load increased to 16 N, severe self-induced vibration occurred and a corrugated ribbon appeared on the surface. Furthermore, severe damage on the worn surface was caused by cycling vibration under the 20 N load. Under 4 N and 12 N, the main wear mechanism was abrasive wear, while under a load of 20 N, fracture wear and abrasive wear were the mian wear mechanisms. The friction products were composed of B2O3, H3BO3, SiO2, and FexOy. More specifically, Fe2O3 was generated under 4 N load, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were produced under 12 N load, and the mixture of FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 appeared under 20 N load.

The Micro-Tribological Behavior and Friction Mechanism of the Graphite/Cu Composites and Copper-coated Graphite-graphite/Cu Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Zhong Yi ◽  
Linying Zhu ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Aolin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Friction Mechanism ◽  
Copper Phase ◽  
Micro Morphology

Abstract The ring-block tribological behavior of the graphite/Cu(G/Cu) composites and copper-coated graphite-graphite/Cu(CCG-G/Cu) were studied by observing the friction coefficient,wear rate,microstructure and morphogoly of the composites after friction experiments.SEM and TEM were used to character the micro-morphology and micro-structure of debris,friction surface and friction cross section of the composites.The results show that adding 20wt% copper-coated graphite could reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites.The micro-morphology and micro-structure show that the copper phase are undergo oxidation and plastic deformation under cyclic stress,results in abundant deformation area in copper-rich zones.Interlaminar shedding and intramolecular tearing occurs in graphite phase,and then laid flat on the friction surface,forming a friction film with higher integrity and reducing the friction coefficient of the composites.The TEM images of the friction cross section show that deformation zone is mainly composed of accumulation zone,drag zone and carbon film.The simulation of the friction process shows that the initial stage is mainly dominated by abrasive wear and adhesive wear.With the progress of the experiment,the exposed copper phase is oxidized and oxidative wear occurs,graphite is shed and transferred to the contact surface.In the later stage of the experiment,a complete friction film with high graphite content is formed on the contact surface,which is mainly dominated by fatigue wear.

The Friction and Wear Properties of Cu-Te-Li Alloys with High-Strength and High-Conductivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Lin Jiao ◽  
Da Chuan Zhu ◽  
Chen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties

The friction and wear properties of Cu-Te-Li alloys under dry sliding condition were studied by M-200 wear testing machine. The morphology and chemical composition of worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM and EDS, thus the effect of aging treatment on friction coefficient, wear rate and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that Te element could improve the wear resistance of copper alloys. With Te content increasing, the friction coefficient of Cu-Te-Li alloys declined slightly and tended to be stable as a whole, while the wear rate decreased obviously. During the process of dry sliding friction, adhesive wear was the dominant mechanism, with oxidative wear coexisting. But for the Cu-Te-Li alloys after aging treatment, abrasive wear appeared and adhesive wear was intensified, especially at higher friction velocity.

scholarly journals Effect of Load on the Tribological Properties of Eutectic Al-Si Reinforced n-Al2O3 under Dry Sliding Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pranav Dev Srivyas ◽  
M.S. Charoo
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Composite Samples

Advanced composites are the materials of the new generation. Hence, the focus of the study is to determine the tribological properties of the eutectic Al-Si alloy reinforced with (2, 4, 6, 8, and10 wt. %) of n-Al2O3 against chrome-plated steel ball under dry sliding conditions. The novelty of this work is the fabrication of the composite sample with this elemental composition, which is not done before. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) nonconventional fabrication method is used to fabricate advanced composite samples. Friction coefficient (COF) and wear rate of the composite samples were studied under high load, varying from 50 N to 300 N, using the ball-on-disc tribometer configuration, with other parameters such as stroke, frequency, sliding distance, and sliding velocity remaining constant at 2 mm, 30 Hz, 120 meter, and 0.120 m/s, respectively. Reduction in wear volume for the advanced composite was reported in the range 15.45–44.58% compared to the base alloy (eutectic Al-Si alloy). An increase in friction coefficient was reported in the range 28.80–35.65% compared to the base matrix alloy material. It was also reported that the wear rate increases and the friction coefficient of the composite sample decreases with an increase in load for the tribo-pair. It was observed that an increase in the wt. % of reinforcement influences the friction and wear behavior of the composite. Wear mechanism at high load was characterized by plastic deformation, adhesion, delamination, and abrasion wear. For pre- and postcharacterization of surface and worn tracks, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), 3D surface profilometer, and optical microscopy were used. This work aimed to investigate the influence of load on the tribological properties of Al-Si eutectic reinforced n-Al2O3 under dry sliding conditions. Its main objective was to provide a new contribution to the tribological behavior of these composites fabricated using the nonconventional spark plasma sintering method.

scholarly journals Reduction of the Coefficient of Friction of Steel-Steel Tribological Contacts by Novel Graphene-Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Lubricants

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Garcia ◽  
Silvia Guerra ◽  
Juan de Damborenea ◽  
Ana Conde
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphene Flakes ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Deep eutectic ionic liquids (DES) possess similar properties to conventional ionic liquids (ILs). However, ILs cannot be considered as environmentally friendly compounds due to both its processing and synthesis, which could have significant polluting effects. On the contrary, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a lower price than most ILs, making them potentially useful in a wide variety of advanced technological applications, such as tribology. On the other hand, graphene has recently been proposed as an extremely promising lubricant due to its combination of mechanical properties and chemical stability as well as its “green” character. In the present paper, graphene flakes (≈250 nm) have been used as an additive to DES composed of choline chloride (ChCl)-urea, ChCl-ethylene glycol, and ChCl-malic acid. According to the results, the addition of 1 wt% graphene reduces friction coefficient (COF) and, notably, prevents adhesive wear, reducing wear rate on steel-steel sliding contacts.

Friction and Wear Behavior of Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Intercalated Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Chen ◽  
Tian Yun Zhang ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior

Polypropylene/organo-montmorillonite (PP/OMMT) composites were investigated by XRD. Friction and wear behaviors of this composites sliding against GCr15 stainless steel were examined on M-2000 text rig in a ring-on-block configuration. Worn surfaces of PP and its composites were analyzed by SEM. The result shows that PP macromolecule chains have intercalated into OMMT layers and form intercalated nanocomposites. With the increase of mass fraction of OMMT, both wear rate and friction coefficient of composites first decrease then rise. With the increase of load, from 150 N, 200 N to 250 N, wear rate of composites increases, while friction coefficient reduces. The wear mechanisms of composites are connected with the content of OMMT. Composites were dominated by adhesive wear, abrasive wear and adhesive wear accompanied by abrasive wear respectively with the increase of OMMT content.

ADHESIVE WEAR AND FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF MULTILAYERED POLYESTER COMPOSITE BASED ON BETELNUT FIBER MATS UNDER WET CONTACT CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. YOUSIF ◽  
ALVIN DEVADAS ◽  
TALAL F. YUSAF
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wet Contact

In the current study, a multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats is fabricated. The adhesive wear and frictional performance of the composite was studied against a smooth stainless steel at different sliding distances (0–6.72 km) and applied loads (20–200 N) at 2.8 m/s sliding velocity. Variations in specific wear rate and friction coefficient were evaluated at two different orientations of fiber mat; namely parallel (P–O) and normal (N–O). Results obtained were presented against sliding distance. The worn surfaces of the composite were studied using an optical microscope. The effect of the composite sliding on the stainless steel counterface roughness was investigated. The results revealed that the wear performance of betelnut fiber reinforced polyester (BFRP) composite under wet contact condition was highly dependent on test parameters and fiber mat orientation. The specific wear rate performance for each orientation showed an inverse relationship to sliding distance. BFRP composite in N–O exhibited better wear performance compared with P–O. However, the friction coefficient in N–O was higher than that in P–O at lower range of applied load. The predominant wear mechanism was debonding of fiber with no pullout or ploughing. Moreover, at higher applied loads, micro- and macrocracking and fracture were observed in the resinous region.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 Composite Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Ahmet Karaaslan ◽  
Alptekin Kısasöz ◽  
Ş. Hakan Atapek ◽  
Kerem Altuğ Güler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Saf 2205 ◽  
Wear Tests

AbstractThe wear behavior of cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 composite material fabricated by vacuum-assisted investment flask casting was investigated under dry sliding condition. The wear tests were carried out using a “ball-on-disc” type tribometer. In the wear tests, 100Cr6 and ZrO2 balls were used as counterparts and the load, total distance and rotating speed were selected as 10 N, 100 m and 100 rpm, respectively. The results were evaluated using the friction coefficient–distance diagram, weight loss and wear rate. All worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and wear characteristics of the materials were discussed as a function of the microstructural features. It was concluded that composite material had lower friction coefficient, less weight loss and slower wear rate than that of cast material.

Tribology Behavior of Graphene Containing Ni-Based Composite Coating under Room Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liang Li ◽  
Juan Juan Chen ◽  
Dang Sheng Xiong ◽  
Yong Kang Zhang ◽  
Yong Kun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Gcr15 Steel ◽  
Cr Coating

The graphene containing Ni-based composite coatings with different graphene addition amounts were prepared on 45 steel surface by using dipulse composite electrodeposition technology. The tribological behavior of composite coating was tested by against GCr15 steel pin under the dry condition. The friction coefficient of composite coating is 20-30% lower than pure Cr coating, their wear rates are almost in the same magnitude. Compared with 45 steel, the friction coefficient of composite coating decreases and wear rate falls over 50%.

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