scholarly journals Reusable Sensor for Strontium Sulfate Scale Monitoring in Seawater

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Bouchalkha ◽  
Radouane Karli ◽  
Khalid Alhammadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Scaling Process ◽  
Strontium Ions ◽  
Selective Sensitivity ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Production Losses

The onset of scaling in oil pipelines can halt or drastically reduce oil production, causing huge financial losses and delays. Current methods used to monitor scaling can take weeks, while the scaling process only takes few hours. The proposed sensor is designed for online monitoring of strontium ions concentration in seawater as an early scaling indicator. The sensor operates in the GHz range by probing the shift in the resonance frequency due to changes in the ionic concentrations of the medium. The results show selective sensitivity to changes in the strontium ions concentration even in the presence of many other ions found in seawater. The measured sensitivity is found to be stable and linear with a detection level of better than 0.08% (0.042 mol/L) of strontium ions in seawater. This work demonstrates a robust GHz sensor for strontium sulfate scale monitoring and early detection, which could be used in the oil industry to prevent huge production losses. These results could also be extended further to target the monitoring of other ions in different industrial sectors.

Effect of Alcohols on the Rheological Properties of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate Slurries

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 3111-3119
Author(s):  
Paulo H. de Lima Silva ◽  
Mônica F. Naccache ◽  
Paulo R. de Souza Mendes ◽  
Leandro S. Valim ◽  
Adriana Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Model System ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
Monoethylene Glycol ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Production Losses

Summary Hydrate formation is an issue that can have a significant negative economic impact on the oil industry. Hydrates are crystalline solids that resemble ice, usually formed in the presence of a mixture of oil/gas/water in conditions of high pressure and low temperature, similar to those found in deepwater oil production. Depending on the amount of hydrates formed, production lines can be severely affected, causing huge financial losses. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand and analyze the characteristics of the hydrates formed, and eventually identify means of mitigating hydrate formation, to reduce the production losses. In this work we analyze the effect of alcohols for hydrate mitigation through rheological characterization. We study the rheology of hydrates formed in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. This is used as a model system because hydrates are formed at atmospheric pressure. Using the rheology of the model system as a baseline case, we analyze the effect of different alcohols (monoethylene glycol, ethanol, isopropanol) and concentrations on the rheology of the resulting hydrate slurries to verify and understand the capability of these additives to mitigate hydrate formation.

Verifying Production Losses due to Petroleum Flow Improving Well Intervention and Design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Adriana Coca Suaznabar ◽  
Kazuo Miura ◽  
Celso Kazuyuki Morooka
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Line System ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Solids Deposition ◽  
Production Losses

The purpose of this research is to identify in the literature: causes, factors, case study descriptions and adopted solutions for production losses regarding the petroleum flow in offshore oil wells. Those facts will be organized and structured to identify potential zones of intervention for planning the well maintenance during well design phase to avoid production losses. This paper focuses on four offshore regions: Campos Basin, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, and West Africa. These regions represent the most significant share of offshore oil production in the world. Data set available in the last thirty five years through academic, technical and governmental reports in the literature were the basis of this study. The procedure was accomplished in three steps: (1) data research (2) analysis of the data (3) guidelines establishment. The main cause of production loss regarding the petroleum flow is the solids deposition in the well/line system, such as hydrates, asphaltenes, wax, scales (barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and naturally occurrence radioactive material), and calcium naphthenates. In this work the superposition of graphics (hydrate curve, wax appearance temperature, asphaltene onset pressure, and saturation index) resulted in a region free of solids deposition, denominated as “flow assurance envelope”. The main expected result is to propose a guideline to be used during the well design phase in order to minimize and facilitate the well intervention. The main contributions of this paper to the oil industry are the identification of potential zones of intervention due to solids deposition in the well/line system, the foresight of well intervention before the beginning of the oilfield production, and finally, possibilities to improve the well or intervention design.

From the history of the problem of oil transportation and storage. Contribution of Shukhov V.G.

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
L. R. Yurenkova ◽  
N. V. Bilash
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Cylindrical Steel Tanks ◽  
And Storage

A significant part of the oil consumed in the world is transported from production and processing sites to consumers via tankers and pipelines. According to experts' forecasts, the demand for oil and petroleum products in the coming years will be significantly higher than in 2020. In Russia, the oil transportation market is developing in several directions. The main directions are investing in pipeline transport and improving the design of tanks for storing oil and petroleum products. The article considers the contribution of the great Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov to the solution of the problem of oil transportation and storage and in general to the development of the oil industry. In the article "Oil Pipelines" (1884) and in the book "Pipelines and their application in the oil industry" (1894), V.G. Shukhov gave precise mathematical formulae for describing the processes of oil and fuel oil flowing through pipelines, creating a classical theory of oil pipelines. He is the author of the projects of the first Russian main pipelines: Baku-Batumi with a length of 883 km (1907) and Grozny-Tuapse with a length of 618 km (1928). Shukhov V.G. designed and then supervised the construction of oil pipelines of the companies "Branobel", "G.M. Lianozova and sons" and the world's first heated fuel oil pipeline. Working in the oil fields in Baku, Shukhov V.G. developed the basics of lifting and pumping oil products, proposed a method of lifting oil using compressed air — airlift, developed a calculation method and technology for the construction of cylindrical steel tanks for oil storage facilities.

scholarly journals Rheology of THF hydrate slurries at high pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Paulo H. de Lima Silva ◽  
Mônica F. Naccache ◽  
Paulo R. de Souza Mendes ◽  
Adriana Teixeira ◽  
Leandro S. Valim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Slurry Viscosity ◽  
Financial Losses

One of the main issues in the area of drilling and production in deep and ultra-deep water in the oil industry is the formation of natural gas hydrates. Hydrates are crystalline structures resembling ice, which are usually formed in conditions of high pressure and low temperature. Once these structures are formed, they can grow and agglomerate, forming plugs that can eventually completely or partially block the production lines, causing huge financial losses. To predict flow behavior of these fluids inside the production lines, it is necessary to understand their mechanical behavior. This work analyzes the rheological behavior of hydrates slurries formed by a mixture of water and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) under high pressure and low temperature conditions, close to the ones found in deep water oil exploration. The THF hydrates form similar structures as the hydrates originally formed in the water-in-oil emulsions in the presence of natural gas, at extreme conditions of high pressure and low temperature. The experiments revealed some important issues that need to be taken into account in the rheological measurements. The results obtained show that the hydrate slurry viscosity increases with pressure. Oscillatory tests showed that elasticity and yield stress also increase with pressure.

scholarly journals Financial Loss Aversion Illusion*

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Portfolio Returns ◽  
Forecasting Error ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Better Than

Abstract We test the proposition that investors’ ability to cope with financial losses is much better than they expect. In a panel survey of investors from a large bank in the UK, we ask for their subjective ratings of anticipated returns and experienced returns. The time period covered by the panel (2008–10) is one where investors experienced frequent losses and gains in their portfolios. This period offers a unique setting to evaluate investors’ hedonic experiences. We examine how the subjective ratings behave relative to expected portfolio returns and experienced portfolio returns. Loss aversion is strong for anticipated outcomes; investors are twice as sensitive to negative expected returns as to positive expected returns. However, when evaluating experienced returns, the effect diminishes by more than half and is well below commonly found loss aversion coefficients. This suggests that a large part of investors’ financial loss aversion results from an affective forecasting error.

scholarly journals Innovation, Information, and Financial Architecture

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDoes a financial system architecture anchored on banks perform better than one centered on markets in fostering technological innovations as engines of growth? In a panel of industrial sectors across a large cross section of countries, I find that while market-based systems have a general positive effect on innovations in all economic sectors, bank-based systems foster more rapid technological progress in more information-intensive industrial sectors, suggesting a heterogeneous impact of financial architecture. Thus, the relative performance of bank-based systems vis-à-vis market-based systems depends on the industrial structure of the economy.

Task Force on Oil Spill Preparedness: A Canadian On-Shore Evaluation

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne O. Wiebe ◽  
Paul Wotherspoon
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Offshore Activities

ABSTRACT The oil industry's ability to effectively contain and clean up oil spills has been questioned over the years, and recent events have heightened this concern. Growing public interest and efforts by the upstream oil industry in Canada to assess its operations resulted in formation of the Task Force on Oil Spill Preparedness. The study was sponsored by the Canadian Petroleum Association and the Independent Petroleum Association of Canada, which represent most companies in the upstream industry. The overall evaluation concentrates on both onshore and offshore activities, but this paper discusses only the onshore segment. In the past 40 years the industry has made substantial efforts to prevent oil spills. As a result, Canada has experienced no catastrophic oil spills in operating about 40,000 producing wells and 37,000 km of oil pipelines. In spite of these efforts, the industry believes there is room for improvement. The study recommends allocating more resources to improving equipment, training on-site personnel, establishing better communications within companies and between companies and regulatory agencies, and continuing research in oil spill countermeasures. These recommendations are being incorporated in the existing framework to improve the response capability of the upstream oil industry.

Developments in 3 Layer PE Coating for Pipeline Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Uv Protection ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Moisture Barrier ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Outdoor Weathering ◽  
Weathering Resistance ◽  
Better Than

Three Layer Polyethylene (3LPE) coating for onshore pipelines have been used in India since the early 1980’s and have reached a level of maturity. The combination of Gas barrier by FBE layer and moisture barrier with mechanical and UV protection by black PE layer makes it better than either standalone FBE or 2LPE coatings. Further developments in PE materials makes 3LPE coating suitable for a design temperature range of −50°C to +90°C which practically covers all the onshore Oil pipelines in all geographies with excellent outdoor weathering resistance. It has also been possible to provide end-to-end protection with new PO Melt film technology that can give “factory applied” quality girth weld coating on site with complete fusion of girth weld coating with the parent coating, making it a hermetically sealed pipeline. This paper also discusses couple of the failure and success stories of 3LPE coating and their analysis.

Evaluation of Anti-fouling Surfaces for Prevention of Mineral Scaling in Sub-surface Safety Valves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Charpentier ◽  
A.. Neville ◽  
S.. Baraka-Lokmane ◽  
C.. Hurtevent ◽  
J-R.. Ordonez-Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Scaling ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Mineral scale formation and deposition in down-hole completion equipment such as subsurface safety valves can cause dramatic and unacceptable safety risks and associated production losses and operational costs. Current scale removal strategies involve both mechanical and chemical technologies, each of them having their own advantages depending on the type of mineral scale and its location. However, these techniques are often costly and of limited efficiency. The current study assesses the ability of a range of chemically and morphologically modified coatings to prevent/reduce mineral scale surface fouling. Building-up on previous work done under static conditions, this paper presents results from scaling tests under laminar and turbulent dynamic conditions using a rotating cylinder electrode under in a complex (mixed) scaling environment (supersaturated w.r.t. calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium carbonate and strontium carbonate). The study shows that if properly selected, surface treatments represent a promising approach to reduce scale deposition on downhole equipment surfaces that are critical to maintain equipment functionality and thereby well safety barrier integrity. By analyzing the scaling behaviors observed within the set of surfaces tested, suggestions of the controlling factors in anti-fouling on these systems are presented and discussed.

Effect Evaluation of Inhibitor to Barium Sulfate and Strontium Sulfate

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Chuang Qian Chen ◽  
Kan She Li ◽  
Jie Kang ◽  
Chun Xia Yu ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Better Than

Facing at the situation that a large amount of BaSO4/SrSO4, which seriously impacts on oil production operation scale, has been yielded during oilfield production, three kinds of scale inhibitor (TS-09, TH-60 and PBTCA) were collected from oilfield for comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the three kinds of scale inhibitor have certain scale inhibition effect to BaSO4/SrSO4, and the influence of different water quality is obvious. When TH-60 concentration was 100 mg/L, its inhibition rate to BaSO4 has reached 95%. In comparison, scale inhibition effect of TH-60 to BaSO4/SrSO4 is better than the others. TH-60 is more suitable for Huaqing oilfield than TS-09 and PBTCA, concentrations range in 100-180 mg/L especially.

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