scholarly journals The Prediction of Calorific Value of Carbonized Solid Fuel Produced from Refuse-Derived Fuel in the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis in CO2

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
General Model ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

The decrease in the calorific value of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an unintended outcome of the progress made toward more sustainable waste management. Plastics and paper separation and recycling leads to the overall decrease in waste’s calorific value, further limiting its applicability for thermal treatment. Pyrolysis has been proposed to densify energy in RDF and generate carbonized solid fuel (CSF). The challenge is that the feedstock composition of RDF is variable and site-specific. Therefore, the optimal pyrolysis conditions have to be established every time, depending on feedstock composition. In this research, we developed a model to predict the higher heating value (HHV) of the RDF composed of eight morphological refuse groups after low-temperature pyrolysis in CO2 (300–500 °C and 60 min) into CSF. The model considers cardboard, fabric, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP/AL/PE (paper/aluminum/polyethylene) composite packaging pack, and wood, pyrolysis temperature, and residence time. The determination coefficients (R2) and Akaike information criteria were used for selecting the best model among four mathematical functions: (I) linear, (II) second-order polynomial, (III) factorial regression, and (IV) quadratic regression. For each RDF waste component, among these four models, the one best fitted to the experimental data was chosen; then, these models were integrated into the general model that predicts the HHV of CSF from the blends of RDF. The general model was validated experimentally by the application to the RDF blends. The validation revealed that the model explains 70–75% CSF HHV data variability. The results show that the optimal pyrolysis conditions depend on the most abundant waste in the waste mixture. High-quality CSF can be obtained from wastes such as paper, carton, plastic, and rubber when processed at relatively low temperatures (300 °C), whereas wastes such as fabrics and wood require higher temperatures (500 °C). The developed model showed that it is possible to achieve the CSF with the highest HHV value by optimizing the pyrolysis of RDF with the process temperature, residence time, and feedstock blends pretreatment.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components and Refuse-Derived Fuel—Process Efficiency and Fuel Properties of Carbonized Solid Fuel

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Szymon Kugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

New technologies to valorize refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) will be required in the near future due to emerging trends of (1) the cement industry’s demands for high-quality alternative fuels and (2) the decreasing calorific value of the fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and currently used in cement/incineration plants. Low-temperature pyrolysis can increase the calorific value of processed material, leading to the production of value-added carbonized solid fuel (CSF). This dataset summarizes the key properties of MSW-derived CSF. Pyrolysis experiments were completed using eight types of organic waste and their two RDF mixtures. Organic waste represented common morphological groups of MSW, i.e., cartons, fabrics, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (multi-material packaging also known as Tetra Pak cartons), and wood. The pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C (20 °C intervals), with a retention (process) time of 20 to 60 min (20 min intervals). The mass yield, energy densification ratio, and energy yield were determined to characterize the pyrolysis process efficiency. The raw materials and produced CSF were tested with proximate analyses (moisture content, organic matter content, ash content, and combustible part content) and with ultimate analyses (elemental composition C, H, N, S) and high heating value (HHV). Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the pyrolysis process were performed. The dataset documents the changes in fuel properties of RDF resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis as a function of the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type. The greatest HHV improvements were observed for fabrics (up to 65%), PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (up to 56%), and wood (up to 46%).

scholarly journals Low-temperature treatment of waste PET

Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pavel Straka ◽  
Olga Bičáková ◽  
Nikoleta Čímová
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
Promising Source

Today, waste plastics represent a promising source both for energy production and chemicals. One way to use their potential is pyrolysis under well-defined conditions. This work presents a suitable method for treat-ment of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using low-temperature pyrolysis realized by heating rates of 5 °C.min-1 (slow pyrolysis) or 25 °C.min-1 (fast pyrolysis) up to final temperature of 400 °C. Under these con-ditions, the valuable products were formed, namely solid fuel with HHV 31-33 MJ.kg-1 and liquid mixture containing mainly ethylene glycol and aldehydes. While slow pyrolysis provides mainly solid fuel, ethylene glycol and aldehydes, main products of fast pyrolysis are solid fuel and paraldehyde.

scholarly journals Low-temperature treatment of waste PET

Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pavel Straka ◽  
Olga Bičáková ◽  
Nikoleta Čímová
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
Promising Source

Today, waste plastics represent a promising source both for energy production and chemicals. One way to use their potential is pyrolysis under well-defined conditions. This work presents a suitable method for treat-ment of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using low-temperature pyrolysis realized by heating rates of 5 °C.min-1 (slow pyrolysis) or 25 °C.min-1 (fast pyrolysis) up to final temperature of 400 °C. Under these con-ditions, the valuable products were formed, namely solid fuel with HHV 31-33 MJ.kg-1 and liquid mixture containing mainly ethylene glycol and aldehydes. While slow pyrolysis provides mainly solid fuel, ethylene glycol and aldehydes, main products of fast pyrolysis are solid fuel and paraldehyde.

Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Characteristics of Inner Mongolia Lignite

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1455-1460
Author(s):  
Zhen Xin Zhao ◽  
Bu Wei Ma ◽  
Shu Quan Zhu ◽  
Hai Jin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

The utilization of high moisture, high volatile low rank coals such as lignite is gaining importance day by day to meet the growing demands of coal for the energy sectors. For the combustion of pulverized material it appears essential to dry lignite. Further, lowest possible ash and moisture as well as high heat content are desired for combustion. The present work gives the details of the preparation of a product of higher calorific value by thermal treatment of Inner Mongolia lignite. The low-temperature pyrolysis characteristics were carried out on the regularities of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the product yield of dry distillation of lignite by using aluminium retort method. The result shows that the suitable pyrolysis condition of lignite is 450 ~ 510 °C, holding time for 30 min. The ratio of aliphatic and aromatic groups of 400°C semi-coke obviously decrease 53.1% and 11.8% compared with raw coal. The degree of aromatization of semi-coke is gradually increased and aromatic nucleus condensation degree increases. The retort process of lignite is a dehydrogenation, deoxidization and carbon-rich process.

scholarly journals Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7051
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Christian Zafiu ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Csf Production

The quantity of biodegradable plastics is increasing steadily and taking a larger share in the residual waste stream. As the calorific value of biodegradable plastic is almost two-fold lower than that of conventional ones, its increasing quantity decreases the overall calorific value of municipal solid waste and refuse-derived fuel which is used as feedstock for cement and incineration plants. For that reason, in this work, the torrefaction of biodegradable waste, polylactic acid (PLA), and paper was performed for carbonized solid fuel (CSF) production. In this work, we determined the process yields, fuel properties, process kinetics, theoretical energy, and mass balance. We show that the calorific value of PLA cannot be improved by torrefaction, and that the process cannot be self-sufficient, while the calorific value of paper can be improved up to 10% by the same process. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PLA decomposes in one stage at ~290–400 °C with a maximum peak at 367 °C, following a 0.42 reaction order with the activation energy of 160.05 kJ·(mol·K)−1.

Optimization and Selection of Solid Fuel Type in Sintering Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 2581-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Song ◽  
Yong Liang Gui ◽  
Bin Sheng Hu ◽  
Quan Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Degradation Index ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Coke Powder ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Low Temperature Reduction

In order to use resonably fuel resources and reduce cost of manufacture, the effects of coke and coal powder on chemical coposition and metallurgical properties of sinter were studied with the iron ore blender as the iron-contained materials. Results shown that the reducibility at 900°C was slightly improved and the low temperature reduction degradation index was worsened with the coke powder as the solid fuel relative to coal powder under the equal calorific value condition. However, with the increasing of solid fuel ratio, the mechanical strength and low temperature reduction degradation index was improved.

Chemical yields from low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qirong Fu ◽  
Dimitris Argyropolous ◽  
Lucian Lucia ◽  
David Tilotta ◽  
Stan Lebow
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

ALMAR 20

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Aircraft Landing ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aircraft Landing Gear ◽  
High Nickel

Abstract ALMAR 20 is a high nickel martensitic steel which is strengthened by precipitation hardening. It has excellent combination of strength and toughness particularly in the presence of notches and cracks. It is recommended for applications such as solid fuel rocket cases and aircraft landing gear. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-162. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

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