scholarly journals Potassium Ferrate (VI) as the Multifunctional Agent in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5017
Author(s):  
Maciej Thomas ◽  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Barbusiński ◽  
Aleksander Sochanik ◽  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Total P

Possible use of potassium ferrate (VI) (K2FeO4) for the treatment of landfill leachate (pH = 8.9, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 770 mg O2/L, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 230 mg/L, Total Nitrogen (Total N) 120 mg/L, Total Phosphorus (Total P) 12 mg/L, Total Coli Count (TCC) 6.8 log CFU/mL (Colony-Forming Unit/mL), Most Probable Number (MPN) of fecal enterococci 4.0 log/100 mL, Total Proteolytic Count (TPC) 4.4 log CFU/mL) to remove COD was investigated. Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were applied for modelling and optimizing the purification process. Conformity of experimental and predicted data (R2 = 0.8477, Radj2 = 0.7462) were verified using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Application of K2FeO4 using CCD/RSM allowed to decrease COD, TOC, Total N, Total P, TCC, MPN of fecal enterococci and TPC by 76.2%, 82.6%, 68.3%, 91.6%, 99.0%, 95.8% and 99.3%, respectively, by using K2FeO4 0.390 g/L, at pH = 2.3 within 25 min. Application of equivalent amount of iron (as FeSO4 × 7H2O and FeCl3 × 6H2O) under the same conditions allowed to diminish COD, TOC, Total N, Total P, TCC, MPN of fecal enterococci and TPC only by 38.1%, 37.0%, 20.8%, 95.8%, 94.4%, 58.2%, 90.8% and 41.6%, 45.7%, 29.2%, 95.8%, 92.1%, 58.2%, 90.0%, respectively. Thus, K2FeO4 could be applied as an environmentally friendly reagent for landfill leachate treatment.

scholarly journals Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfiq J. H. Banch ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Central Composite

In this study, tannin-based natural coagulant was used to treat stabilized landfill leachate. Tannin modified with amino group was utilized for the treatment process. Central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate and optimize the effect of tannin dosage and pH on four responses. The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters; namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3–N and total suspended solids (TSS). The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N and color was obtained using a tannin dosage of 0.73 g at a pH of 6. Moreover, the removal efficiency for selected heavy metals from leachate; namely, iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr2+), cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), arsenic (As3+), and cobalt (Co2+) was also investigated. The results for removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N, and color were 53.50%, 60.26%, and 91.39%, respectively. The removal of selected heavy metals from leachate for Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+ and cobalt Co2+ were 89.76%, 94.61%, 94.15%, 89.94%, 17.26%, 93.78%, 86.43% and 84.19%, respectively. The results demonstrate that tannin-based natural coagulant could effectively remove organic compounds and heavy metals from stabilized landfill leachate.

Effect of polluted water on Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as a vertebrate model: A case study of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mathews P. Raj ◽  
Anitha A. Abraham ◽  
Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Who Standards

  Lake ecosystems are degraded with the increase in urbanization and anthro-pogenic activities. A study was taken up to analyze the effects of water quality of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India. The physico- chemical parameters and bacteriological examination of lake water was done for a period of 3 months from December 2013 – February 2014. The values recorded for Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were found to be zero. The average values recorded for parameters like calcium, total alkalinity, hardness were 231mg/L, 197mg/L and 587.1 mg/L respectively which were found exceeding the WHO standards set for drinking water; Parameters like Magnesium, Sodium, Chlorides, Sulphates had an average value of 140, 18.4, 59.5, 15 expressed in mg/L, which were within the WHO standards. Coliform count customized using the standard Most Probable Number (MPN) test reported a very high bacterial activity and proved the lake water is non-potable. Analysis carried out to determine the effects of pollutants on the vertebrate system (zebra fish) showed that the polluted waters of the lake have deleterious effects on zebra fish. With these observations it can be concluded that the pollutants of the lake can have detrimental impact on the biotic components.

Ozonation With Catalyst in Landfill Leachate Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 324-354
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Farhana Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Leachate Treatment

Landfill leachate is a hazardous pollutant generated from a landfill site. Discharge of landfill leachate has caused a major contamination to the environment and detrimental to human health. This chapter introduces an alternative method to treat recalcitrant pollutant in leachate by using ozonation with catalyst. The production of hydroxyl radical in ozonation was not enough to oxidize complex molecular structure in the leachate. Theoretically, the addition of catalyst enhances the capacity of radical and accelerates the chemical reaction. The effectiveness of ozonation with Fenton (O3/Fenton), hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), and zirconium tetrachloride (O3/ZrCl4) in removing pollutant such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and improvement of biodegradability by using this process were also discussed in this chapter. Comparison in term of treatment cost and benefits of the application of chemical as catalyst are briefly elaborated at the end of this chapter.

Raw landfill leachate treatment using an electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating electrode reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Samir Naje ◽  
Mohammed A. Ajeel ◽  
Isam Mohamad Ali ◽  
Hussein A. M. Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Peter Adeniyi Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Abstract In this work, landfill leachate treatment by electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating anode reactor was studied. The influence of rotating anode speed on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of raw landfill leachate was investigated. The influence of operating parameters like leachate pH, leachate temperature, current, and inter-distance between the cathode rings and anode impellers on the electrocoagulation performance were also investigated. The results revealed the optimum rotating speed is 150 rpm and increasing the rotating speed above this value led to reducing process performance. The leachate electrocoagulation treatment process favors the neutral medium and the treatment performance increases with increasing current intensity. Furthermore, the electrocoagulation treatment performance improves with increasing leachate temperature. However, the performance reduces with increasing inter-electrode distance.

scholarly journals The comparison of efficiency of Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of stabilised landfill leachate / Porównanie efektywności oczyszczania odcieków z ustabilizowanego składowiska odpadów komunalnych w procesie Fentona i foto-Fentona

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kwarciak-Kozłowska ◽  
Aleksandra Krzywicka
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract The goal of this article was to compare the efficiency of Fenton and photo-Fenton reaction used for stabilised landfill leachate treatment. The mass ratio of COD:H2O2 was fixed to 1:2 for every stages. The dose of reagents (ferrous sulphate/hydrogen peroxide) was different and ranged from 0.1 to 0.5. To determine the efficiency of treatment, the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon) , ammonia nitrogen and BOD/COD ratio was measured. The experiment was carried out under the following conditions: temperature was 25ºC, the initial pH was adjusted to 3.0. Every processes were lasting 60 minutes. The most appropriate dose of reagents was 0.25 (Fe2+/H2O2). It was found that the application of UV contributed to increase of COD, TOC and ammonia removal efficiencies by an average of 14%.

Colony-Forming Unit Enumeration by a Plate-MPN Method

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-T. TAN ◽  
R. B. MAXCY ◽  
W. W. STROUP
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Mpn Test ◽  
Surface Plate

Concepts of the standard surface plate method and the most probable number method (MPN) were combined to provide a new enumeration technique (plate-MPN). Three discrete 0.01-ml samples of an appropriate decimal dilution were inoculated onto each quadrant of a pre-dried petri plate. The discrete spots from the inoculum were then observed for growth after incubation. Results were interpreted analogous to a 3-tube MPN test using presently available tables. Application of the test to pure cultures and mixed flora provided no evidence to indicate the plate-MPN technique to be any less accurate than the standard technique for microbial counts. The plate-MPN technique was less precise than the standard technique. However, the plate-MPN technique has many advantages over traditional methods.

scholarly journals Nutrient removal from septic effluents as affected by soil thickness and texture

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Karathanasis ◽  
T. G. Mueller ◽  
B. Boone ◽  
Y. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

This study evaluated the effectiveness of soils with different textures and thickness to treat BOD, N and P eluted from household septic effluent. The assessments were accomplished by leaching undisturbed soil monoliths of 30, 45 and 60 cm thickness and 25 cm in diameter, representing the four different textural groups and hydraulic loadings recommended by the Kentucky Health Department, with domestic wastewater effluent collected regularly from a household septic system. Effluent concentrations were monitored daily over a 15 d period for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total-N, NH4–N, NO3–N and total-P concentrations. The results of the study indicate an alarming frequency of failure to comply with EPA criteria for BOD, total-N and NH4–N concentrations when using a 30 cm vertical separation distance between the bottom of the drain field and a limiting soil interface. The treatment performance was particularly poor in coarse-textured soils, apparently due to insufficient reactive surface area. Although biomat development over time is expected to improve the treatment for some of these parameters, the high influent levels of BOD pose great concerns for surface and groundwater contamination during the early stages of operation. Fine-textured soils generally provided better treatment efficiency and more consistent compliance with EPA standards for BOD, total-N, NH4–N and total-P, as well as greater nitrification/denitrification potential. Treatment efficiency and compliance usually improved with increasing soil depth, with the 60 cm thickness providing the most consistent performance and compliance with MDL requirements. Considering that increasing soil thickness requirements may be impractical in many marginal soils, complementary or alternative treatment technologies should be adopted to improve treatment efficiency and prevent further deterioration of the quality of water resources.

Application of the central composite design for condition optimization for semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment using electrochemical oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Mohajeri ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zahed ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Condition Optimization ◽  
Central Composite

In the present study, Electrochemical Oxidation was used to remove COD and color from semi-aerobic landfill leachate collected from Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS), Penang, Malaysia. Experiments were conducted in a batch laboratory-scale system in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and aluminum electrodes. Central composite design (CCD) under Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the electrochemical oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removals as responses, and the electrolyte concentrations, current density and reaction time as control factors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed good coefficient of determination (R2) values of >0.98, thus ensuring satisfactory fitting of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. In un-optimized condition, maximum removals for COD (48.77%) and color (58.21%) were achieved at current density 80 mA/cm2, electrolyte concentration 3,000 mg/L and reaction time 240 min. While after optimization at current density 75 mA/cm2, electrolyte concentration 2,000 mg/L and reaction time 218 min a maximum of 49.33 and 59.24% removals were observed for COD and color respectively.

Shelf life study of handmade and industrially processed Minas frescal cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218
Author(s):  
Thamiris Evangelista Silva ◽  
Priscila Alonso dos Santos ◽  
Thamara Evangelista Silva ◽  
Kamilla Soares Silva ◽  
André Luiz Borges Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
State Inspection ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Milk Pasteurisation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize and compare the results of the inspection mark of handmade and industrially processed Minas frescal cheese. It is one of the most commonly made and consumed cheeses in Brazil, and its production processes range from handmade cheeses produced in small household production sites to cheeses manufactured in large dairy factories subject to federal inspection. Design/methodology/approach The samples were stored for 10 days at 4°C in a biochemical oxygen demand chamber. Cheeses were analyzed using physicochemical analyzes, yield and syneresis indices and microbiological analyses. Findings The cheese A met the criterion of regulatory classification for very high humidity (65.32 g/100 g), while cheese B did not meet the criterion (54.38 g/100 g). Cheeses A (19.01 g/100 g) and B (24 g/100 g) showed average fat contents that did not comply with current legislation. The most probable number per g of thermotolerant coliforms was outside the acceptable range (>24 × 102 MPN/g), and Salmonella spp. were present in the tested samples. The highest yield was observed for handmade cheese (an average of 5.35 L of milk to produce 1 kg of cheese), which had the highest syneresis during the storage period (p = 0.004), reaching 14.26% on the 10th day of storage. Originality/value Municipal and state inspection certificates do not ensure the microbiological quality of Minas frescal cheese, indicating flaws in the good manufacturing practices and/or in the milk pasteurisation stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document