scholarly journals Self-Organized Anodic Oxides on Titanium Alloys Prepared from Glycol- and Glycerol-Based Electrolytes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4743
Author(s):  
Marta Michalska-Domańska ◽  
Magdalena Łazińska ◽  
Justyna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Johannes M. C. Mol ◽  
Tomasz Durejko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Net Shaping ◽  
Base Substrate ◽  
Oxidation Susceptibility

The anodization of commercially pure Ti alloy (99.5 wt %) and two biomedical titanium alloys, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al4V, was performed, and the resulting anodic oxides were studied. The biomedical alloys were made by Laser Engineered Net Shaping. The glycol-based and glycerol-based electrolytes with 0.3 M ammonium fluoride and 2 wt % of deionized water content were tested. It was found that electrolyte type as well as the chemical composition of the base substrate affected the final morphology and chemical composition of the anodic oxide formed. A higher current density, ionic mobility, and oxide growth rate were obtained in glycol-based electrolyte as compared to those obtained in glycerol-based electrolyte for all tested alloys. A self-organized nanotubular and nanoporous morphology of the anodic oxide in both types of electrolyte was obtained. In each electrolyte, the alloy susceptibility to oxidation increased in the following order: Ti6Al4V < Ti 99.5% < Ti6Al7Nb, which can be correlated to the oxidation susceptibility of the base titanium alloy. It was observed that the more impurities/alloying elements in the substrate, the lower the pore diameters of anodic oxide. There was a higher observed incorporation of electrolyte species into the anodic oxide matrix in the glycerol-based electrolyte compared with that in glycol-based electrolyte.

scholarly journals Anodic Fabrication of Ti-Ni-Si-O Nanostructures on Ti10Ni5Si Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Dongyan Ding ◽  
Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Ti2ni Phase

Ti-Ni-Si-O nanostructures were synthesized on Ti10Ni5Si alloy through an electrochemical anodization in electrolyte solutions containing ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The anodic oxide structures were affected by the electrochemical anodization parameters, including the electrolyte viscosity, water content, anodization potential and anodization time. Using an anodization potential of 40 V for 90 min in an ethylene glycol/glycerol electrolyte with 3 vol.% deionized water, highly ordered self-organized nanotube arrays were obtained in the α-Ti phase region of the alloy substrate, with an average inner diameter of 70 nm and a wall thickness of about 12 nm. Self-organized nanopore structures with an average pore diameter of 25 nm grew in the Ti5Si3 phase region. Only etching pits were found in the Ti2Ni phase region. The Ti-Ni-Si-O nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, a formation mechanism of different nanostructures was presented.

ESTUDO DA VIABILIADE DA MANUFATURA ADITIVA DIRETA DE MULITA POR LASER ENGINEERED NET SHAPING (LENS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Azevedo ◽  
Italo Leite de Camargo ◽  
Johan sebastian Grass Nunez ◽  
Fábio Mariani ◽  
Reginaldo Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Net Shaping

Microstructure and mechanical property of TiB reinforced Ti matrix composites fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser engineered net shaping

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuda Ning ◽  
Yingbin Hu ◽  
Weilong Cong
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Net Shaping

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify if the implementation of ultrasonic vibration in laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process can help to reduce internal weaknesses such as porosity, coarse primary TiB whisker and heterogeneous distribution of TiB reinforcement in the LENS-fabricated TiB reinforced Ti matrix composites (TiB-TMC) parts. Design/methodology/approach An experimental investigation is performed to achieve the results for comparative studies under different fabrication conditions through quantitative data analysis. An approach of microstructural characterization and mechanical testing is conducted to obtain the output attributes. In addition, the theoretical analysis of the physics of ultrasonic vibration in the melting materials is presented to explain the influences of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructural evolution occurred in the part fabrication. Findings Because of the nonlinear effects of acoustic streaming and cavitation induced by ultrasonic vibration, porosity is significantly reduced and a relatively small variation of pore sizes is achieved. Ultrasonic vibration also causes the formation of smaller TiB whiskers that distribute along grain boundaries with a homogeneous dispersion. Additionally, a quasi-continuous network (QCN) microstructure is considerably finer than that produced by LENS process without ultrasonic vibration. The refinements of both reinforcing TiB whiskers and QCN microstructural grains further improve the microhardness of TiB-TMC parts. Originality/value The novel ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) LENS process of TiB-TMC is conducted in this work for the first time to improve the process performance and part quality.

scholarly journals The Influence of Layer Thickness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Additively Manufactured by LENS® Technology

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Natalia Rońda ◽  
Krzysztof Grzelak ◽  
Marek Polański ◽  
Julita Dworecka-Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Dendritic Microstructure ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Net Shaping

This work investigates the effect of layer thickness on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M300 maraging steel produced by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS®) technique. The microstructure was characterized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were characterized by tensile tests and microhardness measurements. The porosity and mechanical properties were found to be highly dependent on the layer thickness. Increasing the layer thickness increased the porosity of the manufactured parts while degrading their mechanical properties. Moreover, etched samples revealed a fine cellular dendritic microstructure; decreasing the layer thickness caused the microstructure to become fine-grained. Tests showed that for samples manufactured with the chosen laser power, a layer thickness of more than 0.75 mm is too high to maintain the structural integrity of the deposited material.

scholarly journals Free form fabrication using the laser engineered net shaping (LENS{trademark}) process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Keicher ◽  
J.A. Romero ◽  
C.L. Atwood ◽  
M.L. Griffith ◽  
F.P. Jeantette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Net Shaping
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