scholarly journals Laccase-Enzyme Treated Flax Fibre for Use in Natural Fibre Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4529
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Brodowsky ◽  
Anne Hennig ◽  
Michael Thomas Müller ◽  
Anett Werner ◽  
Serge Zhandarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Afm Micrographs

Natural fibres have a high potential as reinforcement of polymer matrices, as they combine a high specific strength and modulus with sustainable production and reasonable prices. Modifying the fibre surface is a common method to increase the adhesion and thereby enhance the mechanical properties of composites. In this study, a novel sustainable surface treatment is presented: the fungal enzyme laccase was utilised with the aim of covalently binding the coupling agent dopamine to flax fibre surfaces. The goal is to improve the interfacial strength towards an epoxy matrix. SEM and AFM micrographs showed that the modification changes the surface morphology, indicating a deposition of dopamine on the surface. Fibre tensile tests, which were performed to check whether the fibre structure was damaged during the treatment, showed that no decrease in tensile strength or modulus occurred. Single fibre pullout tests showed a 30% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) due to the laccase-mediated bonding of the coupling agent dopamine. These results demonstrate that a laccase + dopamine treatment modifies flax fibres sustainably and increases the interfacial strength towards epoxy.

scholarly journals Influence of Flax Fibre Hybridization on Mechanical Behaviour of Sisal Fibre-Polypropylene Composites Prepared with an Injection Moulding Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. Allen Jeffrey ◽  
A. Sivakumar ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
A. Anbazhagan ◽  
G. Manojkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
Low Modulus

Due to their low weight, high specific strength, and low environmental impact, sisal fibre-polypropylene composites have gained popularity. However, the material has a low modulus and poor moisture resistance, among other shortcomings. This study investigated how flax fibre hybridization affects the physical parameters of sisal fibre-polypropylene composites. We used maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene to improve compatibility between fibres and polypropylene. Adding flax fibres to polypropylene-silica composites resulted in increased tensile strength, flexibility, and impact strength, according to researchers. Water resistance was further improved by adding flax fibres. Tensile strength values of polypropylene-sisal fibre composites filled with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of flax fibres were 29.46, 30.56, 31.57, 33.12, and 34.64 MPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Thermal Stability, Fire Performance, and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Fabric-Reinforced Polymer Composites with Different Fire Retardants

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Valentine Bachtiar ◽  
Katarzyna Kurkowiak ◽  
Libo Yan ◽  
Bohumil Kasal ◽  
Torsten Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Vertical Test ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ALH) with different mass contents were used as fire retardants (FRs) on plant-based natural flax fabric-reinforced polymer (FFRP) composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), and the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-94 horizontal and vertical tests were carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of these FR treatments. Flat-coupon tensile test was performed to evaluate the effects of FR treatment on the mechanical properties of the FFRP composites. For both fire retardants, the results showed that the temperature of the thermal decomposition and the LOI values of the composites increased as the FR content increases. Under the UL-94 vertical test, the FFRP composites with 20% and 30% APP (i.e., by mass content of epoxy polymer matrix) were self-extinguished within 30 and 10 s following the removal of the flame without any burning drops, respectively. However, the mechanical tensile tests showed that the APP treated FFRP composites reduced their elastic modulus and strength up to 24% and 18%, respectively. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) for morphology examination showed an effective coating of the flax fibres with the FRs, which improved the flame retardancy of the treated composites.

scholarly journals Water Absorption Behaviour and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muñoz ◽  
J. A. García-Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Potential Applications

In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focuses on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55 wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated; the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environment.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Injection Moulded Hemp Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Beckermann ◽  
K.L. Pickering ◽  
N.J. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Twin Screw

In recent years, industrial hemp fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted substantial interest as potential structural materials. These composites have been subject to intense study for use in lightweight, recyclable and low cost applications. The aim of this research was to improve and evaluate the composite tensile strength and fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion by means of fibre treatment and addition of a coupling agent. Hemp fibre was digested in a small pressure vessel with a solution of 5wt% NaOH / 2wt% Na2SO3. Single fibre tensile tests were performed on treated and untreated fibres, and it was found that the alkali treatment resulted in an increase in fibre strength and an improvement in fibre separation. Composites containing either treated or untreated fibre, polypropylene and a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were then compounded in a twin-screw extruder and injection moulded into tensile test specimens. Tensile tests revealed that significant improvements in composite strength were made by using treated fibre and MAPP. The effect of MAPP on the interface of treated hemp fibre/polypropylene composites was assessed by means of the single fibre fragmentation test, and the interfacial shear strength was determined thereafter.

Influence of Different Coupling Agent Type on Processibility and Applicability of Polymer Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Martin Seidl ◽  
Jiří Habr ◽  
Luboš Bĕhálek ◽  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Michal Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix

The contribution deals with the processibility and applicability of polymer composite systems based on polypropylene matrix. The composites were filled with vegetable fibres (particularly the cotton fibres, coir fibres, hemp fibres and jute fibres) and the interface between the polymeric matrix and the natural fibres was modified using two types of coupling agents (the organosilane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene). For evaluation of the final impact of all three phases presence on the processibility of the polymer composite the melt flow behaviour was analyzed (MFI analysis according to ISO 1133) for the filler concentration of 10, 20 and 30 wt. %. This study involves also the natural fibre surface profile analyses (based on SEM observation) and the applicability of created composite materials was determined using the heat deflection temperature (HDT analysis according to ISO 75).

Natural fibres as promising environmental-friendly reinforcements for polymer composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112091372
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan Abdul Karim ◽  
Danish Tahir ◽  
Ehsan Ul Haq ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Malik
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Fibre Composites

Polymer composites are an important class of materials widely being used for many applications. But the main concern of non-degradability and adverse environmental impact of the polymer matrices and the synthetic reinforcements have given forth the need of environmental-friendly polymer matrices and reinforcements used in them. An attempt of such kind is to use the natural plant fibres as the reinforcements that have no harmful impact on the environment and also, they are cost effective. With growing interest in natural fibres in recent years, a lot of work is being done in various directions, which need to be gathered up for a specific interest. So, the present article is an attempt to review and discuss the research works that have evaluated the natural plant fibres as reinforcements in polymer composites. Natural fibre composites show variation of properties such as fibre’s source, type and structure. Interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix is the most important factor when tensile properties of natural fibre composites are under consideration. The interfacial strength can be improved by some chemical modification of fibre surface, which changes the adhesion between fibre and matrix. These features of natural fibres as compared to synthetic fibres are motivating manufacturers and the end users to switch to natural fibre-based products.

Delamination in Drilling of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites Produced by Compression Moulding

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aravindh ◽  
K. Umanath
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Natural fibre composites today are replacing synthetic fibre composites due to superior properties of natural fibres such as low density, high specific strength and modulus, relative no abrasiveness, ease of fibre surface modification, and wide availability .Drilling is often required to facilitate the assembly of the parts to get the final product. however, drilling composite materials present a number of problems such as delamination associated with the characteristics of the material and with the used cutting parameters .The present investigation is an attempt to study the factors and combination of factors that influence the delamination of drilled unidirectional jute fibre reinforced composites using taguchi, signal to noise ratio, Anova analysis and to achieve the conditions for minimum delamination.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Natural Fibres in Rendering Mortars for the Durability of Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Cinthia Maia Pederneiras ◽  
Rosário Veiga ◽  
Jorge de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
High Water ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Adherence Strength

One of the main functions of renders, together with the overall aesthetic appearance of the building, is the protection of the walls against external aggressive actions, such as water, salts solutions, erosion, and mechanical impacts. However, some anomalies of renders may drastically hinder their protection ability. In fact, cracking, high water permeability, and loss of adherence to the substrate of renders limit their barrier effect and favour the exposure of the substrate to external actions. The incorporation of fibres in mortars is commonly pointed out to reduce their cracking susceptibility, due to the probable enhancement in tensile strength and ductility of the composite. The use of lime in substitution of the part of the cement binder is seen as a method to reduce the modulus of elasticity and therefore enhance the resistance to cracking due to drying shrinkage. Therefore, this study investigates the wall protection-related properties of natural fibre-reinforced renders with cement-lime as a binary binder at 1:1:6 volumetric ratio. With this purpose, wool, coir, and flax fibres are used at 20% by total mortar volume and the water behaviour, cracking susceptibility, and adherence to the substrate of the mortars are assessed. Specifically, the water absorption by capillarity, drying rates, permeability to water under pressure, adherence strength, and shrinkage are evaluated. In order to evaluate the renders’ durability and therefore the durability of the protection to the walls, an artificial accelerated ageing test is performed based on heating-freezing and humidification-freezing cycles. The results indicate that the fibres’ addition reduced the shrinkage and modulus of elasticity of the mortars, which suggests lower susceptibility to cracking. The addition of fibres in mortars seemed to slightly affect their water performance and only at early ages. From the results, it was concluded that the adherence strength is not affected by the fibres’ incorporation. The fibres seem also to reduce the impacts of the ageing cycles on the mortar and the improvements provided by the fibres’ addition to the mortars’ performance remained after ageing when compared to the mortars without fibres, thus being a potential alternative to increase their durability. These aspects are particularly important for buildings, since they can extend their service life and promote their sustainability.

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