Effect of phosphorylation on the planar compaction of reinforcements made of unidirectional flax fibres supported by a thin flax fibre mat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Stéphane Mbakop ◽  
François Brouillette ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibres

scholarly journals Influence of Flax Fibre Hybridization on Mechanical Behaviour of Sisal Fibre-Polypropylene Composites Prepared with an Injection Moulding Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. Allen Jeffrey ◽  
A. Sivakumar ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
A. Anbazhagan ◽  
G. Manojkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
Low Modulus

Due to their low weight, high specific strength, and low environmental impact, sisal fibre-polypropylene composites have gained popularity. However, the material has a low modulus and poor moisture resistance, among other shortcomings. This study investigated how flax fibre hybridization affects the physical parameters of sisal fibre-polypropylene composites. We used maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene to improve compatibility between fibres and polypropylene. Adding flax fibres to polypropylene-silica composites resulted in increased tensile strength, flexibility, and impact strength, according to researchers. Water resistance was further improved by adding flax fibres. Tensile strength values of polypropylene-sisal fibre composites filled with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of flax fibres were 29.46, 30.56, 31.57, 33.12, and 34.64 MPa, respectively.

Bacterial Cellulose Reinforced Flax Fibre Composites: Effect of Nanocellulose Loading on Composite Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Marta Fortea-Verdejo ◽  
Elias Bumbaris ◽  
Koon Yang Lee ◽  
Alexander Bismarck
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Composite Properties

Loose hierarchical flax fibres/polypropylene composites were manufactured in a simple way based on a paper-making process in order to include nanocellulose and allow the hornification of the nanofibres in a controlled manner. The effect of flax fibre content on the flax/polypropylene composites and the influence of nanocellulose on the properties of these composites are discussed. By increasing the flax content a slight decrease of the tensile strength and an increase of the Young´s modulus were observed. On the other hand, no significant effect was noticed when increasing the bacterial cellulose content in the composites.

Influence of Fibre Treatment and Matrix Modification on Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Mortars after Freeze/Thaw Cycles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Poletanovic ◽  
Katalin Kopecsko ◽  
Ildikó Merta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Matrix Modification ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of flax fibre protection with the linseed oil and a matrix modification with cement substitution with metakaolin (in 10wt% and 15wt%) on the mechanical properties of cement-based mortars under severe environmental conditions of freeze/thaw cycles. Cement-based mortars (with the dimension of 40x40x160 mm3) were reinforced by 10mm long discrete flax fibres (Linumusitatissimum) and exposed to 51 freeze/thaw cycles under laboratory condition. Their compressive and flexural strengths, as well as specific energy absorption capacity were measured after freeze/thaw cycles and compared to the results of mortars cured for same time in water. Under freeze/thaw cycles mortars reinforced with linseed oil-treated fibres showed the same range of degradation of the compressive and flexural strengths, however, a more pronounced degradation of energy absorption capacity compared to non-treated fibre reinforced mortars was observed. The matrix modification, by partial cement substitution with metakaolin showed optimistic results under freeze/thaw cycles. The compressive strength when cement was partially substituted with metakaolin (in both dosages) increased whereas the flexural strength was slightly lower in case of 10wt% substitution and markedly lower under higher (15wt%) cement substitution. The most relevant is that the decrease of the energy absorption capacity of the fibre reinforced mortar was completely prevented when cement was substituted with metakaolin. It is shown that the energy absorption of the non-treated fibre reinforced mortars increases by 27% when cement was substituted with metakaolin (both 10wt% and 15wt%).

scholarly journals Laccase-Enzyme Treated Flax Fibre for Use in Natural Fibre Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4529
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Brodowsky ◽  
Anne Hennig ◽  
Michael Thomas Müller ◽  
Anett Werner ◽  
Serge Zhandarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Afm Micrographs

Natural fibres have a high potential as reinforcement of polymer matrices, as they combine a high specific strength and modulus with sustainable production and reasonable prices. Modifying the fibre surface is a common method to increase the adhesion and thereby enhance the mechanical properties of composites. In this study, a novel sustainable surface treatment is presented: the fungal enzyme laccase was utilised with the aim of covalently binding the coupling agent dopamine to flax fibre surfaces. The goal is to improve the interfacial strength towards an epoxy matrix. SEM and AFM micrographs showed that the modification changes the surface morphology, indicating a deposition of dopamine on the surface. Fibre tensile tests, which were performed to check whether the fibre structure was damaged during the treatment, showed that no decrease in tensile strength or modulus occurred. Single fibre pullout tests showed a 30% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) due to the laccase-mediated bonding of the coupling agent dopamine. These results demonstrate that a laccase + dopamine treatment modifies flax fibres sustainably and increases the interfacial strength towards epoxy.

Performance of SiO2-impregnated flax fibre reinforced polymers under wet dry and freeze thaw cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Kenneth Mak ◽  
Amir Fam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Term Performance

Flax fibres are of growing interest as a reinforcing fibre; however, they are susceptible to moisture and have demonstrated poor bond to conventional hydrophobic resins. Although there are multiple approaches to address these issues, research has heavily focused on their short-term performance. In this research program, the performance of flax fibre reinforced polymer (FFRP), manufactured using SiO2-impregnated flax fibre, is assessed for its short-term performance as well as its long-term performance when exposed to wet-dry (WD) and freeze-thaw (FT) cycles. Treated FFRP showed improved bond between the fibre and resin as well as resistance to fibre pull-out. It exhibited a tensile strength of 144 ± 15 MPa and a tensile modulus of 8.6 ± 0.35 GPa. When exposed to WD cycles, delamination between the fibre and resin were observed. The onset of statistically significant mechanical damage occurred after four WD cycles, with a final 3% reduction in strength and a 6% reduction in modulus post-exposure. When exposed to FT cycles, FFRP experienced cracking within the fibre, as well as delamination at the interface. The onset of statistically significant mechanical damage occurred after 50 FT cycles, which manifested as a final 5% reduction in tensile strength and 10% reduction in tensile modulus post-exposure. Regardless of treatment, FFRP demonstrated the same damage mechanisms as untreated variants.

scholarly journals Water Absorption Behaviour and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muñoz ◽  
J. A. García-Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Potential Applications

In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focuses on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55 wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated; the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environment.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effect of Processing Conditions on the Interface of Flax/Polypropylene Composites

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369350101000 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Zafeiropoulos ◽  
C. A. Baillie ◽  
F. L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Cost

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in using natural fibres as potential reinforcements for polymers. It is well known that the properties of composite materials are controlled by the properties of the matrix and the fibre, as well as of the interface. The most usual methods of strengthening the interface involve the application of surface modification methods on the fibres, or the application of compatibilisers in the matrix. However, it may be possible that one may achieve similar results just by simply controlling the processing conditions, and thus avoiding the application of chemicals that tend to increase the cost. In the present study the effect of cooling rates upon the interface in flax fibre/iPP composites was investigated by means of fragmentation tests. It was found that slower cooling leads to a stronger interface for two different grades of flax fibres; dew retted and green flax.

scholarly journals Interpenetrating Vinylester/Epoxy Resins Reinforced by Flax Fibre Mat

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369350301200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Szabo ◽  
G. Romhany ◽  
T. Czigany ◽  
J. Karger-Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Interpenetrating Network ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Flexural Loading ◽  
Transfer Moulding

Vinylester/epoxy (VE/EP) hybrid resins of interpenetrating network (IPN) structure were reinforced by needled flax fibre mat. The flax content of the composites was kept constant (20 wt%) whereas the VE/EP ratio varied (70/30, 50/50, and 30/70). The mechanical properties of the composites, produced by resin transfer moulding, were determined in tensile and flexural loading. The mechanical anisotropy detected was traced to the orientation of the flax fibres during carding. The higher was the VE content of the hybrid IPN resin the better the mechanical performance was.

scholarly journals Were our Ancestors Right in Using Flax Dressings? Research on the Properties of Flax Fibre and Its Usefulness in Wound Healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gębarowski ◽  
Benita Wiatrak ◽  
Maciej Janeczek ◽  
Magdalena Żuk ◽  
Patrycja Pistor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Human

Background. Despite the wide range of medical dressings available commercially, there is still a search for better biomaterials for use in the treatment of especially difficult-to-heal wounds. For several years, attention has been paid to the use of substances, compounds, and even whole plants in medicine. Flax is a plant that has been used as a dressing for thousands of years. Therefore, we decided to test flax fibres that had previously been genetically modified as a potential wound dressing. Materials and Methods. In this study, two modified flax fibres and their combinations were tested on cell lines (mice fibroblast, normal human dermal fibroblast, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal microvascular endothelial cell, epidermal carcinoma cancer cells, monocyte cells). In the tests, fibres of the traditional flax (Nike) were used as a control. Several experiments were performed to assess cell proliferation and viability, the number of apoptotic cells, the cell cycle, genotoxicity, the level of free oxygen radicals, and determination of the number of cells after 48 hours of incubation of cell cultures with the tested flax fibres. Results. The obtained results confirm the positive influence of flax on the used cell lines. Both traditional fibres (Nike) and genetically modified fibres increased the proliferation of fibroblast cells and keratinocytes, reduced the level of free oxygen radicals, and influenced the repair of DNA damage. At the same time, the tested flax fibres did not have a proproliferative effect on the neoplastic cell line. Interestingly, genetic modifications had a stronger impact on the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and microvascular endothelium compared to the traditional flax fibre used. Conclusions. In this study, the positive properties of the tested flax fibres on cell lines were proved. In the next stage, it is worth carrying out in vivo tests of tested genetically modified flax fibres.

scholarly journals Critical Fibre Length and Apparent Interfacial Shear Strength of Single Flax Fibre Polypropylene Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369359800700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.A. Van Den Oever ◽  
H.L. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Shear Yield ◽  
The Matrix

The stress transfer in, both elementary and technical, single flax fibre polypropylene composites is studied by determining the critical fibre length and the apparent interfacial shear strength. The influence of improved fibre-matrix interaction is reported and the results are compared with data from literature. The study indicates that the critical fibre length for elementary flax fibres is equal to or even higher than the flax fibre lengths found after extrusion and injection moulding processes. Furthermore, addition of maleic anhydridy modified polypropylene to the matrix results in an apparent interfacial shear strength for elementary flax fibres close to the shear yield strength of the matrix, for technical fibres the interfacial shear strength is somewhat lower.

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