scholarly journals Thermal Stability, Fire Performance, and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Fabric-Reinforced Polymer Composites with Different Fire Retardants

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Valentine Bachtiar ◽  
Katarzyna Kurkowiak ◽  
Libo Yan ◽  
Bohumil Kasal ◽  
Torsten Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Vertical Test ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ALH) with different mass contents were used as fire retardants (FRs) on plant-based natural flax fabric-reinforced polymer (FFRP) composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), and the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-94 horizontal and vertical tests were carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of these FR treatments. Flat-coupon tensile test was performed to evaluate the effects of FR treatment on the mechanical properties of the FFRP composites. For both fire retardants, the results showed that the temperature of the thermal decomposition and the LOI values of the composites increased as the FR content increases. Under the UL-94 vertical test, the FFRP composites with 20% and 30% APP (i.e., by mass content of epoxy polymer matrix) were self-extinguished within 30 and 10 s following the removal of the flame without any burning drops, respectively. However, the mechanical tensile tests showed that the APP treated FFRP composites reduced their elastic modulus and strength up to 24% and 18%, respectively. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) for morphology examination showed an effective coating of the flax fibres with the FRs, which improved the flame retardancy of the treated composites.

The Effects of Graphene and Flame Retardants on Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooria Khalili ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
Ing Kong ◽  
Chin Hooi Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate

The effects of incorporating three different types of flame retardant (FR) and two variants of graphene into 10 %wt palm EFB natural fibre (NF) filled epoxy composites were investigated in term of the flammability, thermal and mechanical properties through standard Bunsen burner experiment, bomb calorimetry, TGA and tensile tests. The types of FR employed include zinc borate (ZB), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and alumina trihydrate (ATH) while a lab synthesised and a commercial form of graphene were used in the current work. Compared to the neat NF filled epoxy composite, specimens loaded with 15 %wt of either ZB or APP demonstrated a drip-free condition as observed from the Bunsen burner tests, which could be attributed to the strong char forming characteristic of the compositions. In specimens containing 15 %wt of either ZB or ATH, results from Bomb calorimetry revealed that these specific formulations produced the lowest mean gross heat release amongst others, suggesting better resistant to flame. Relative to the graphene incorporated composites, the post TGA measured mass residue was observed to be greater in FR rich formulations, suggesting that FR additives capable of yielding a much superior flame retardancy compared to graphene. While a slight increases in Young’s modulus was recorded in composites loaded with FR, such formulations produced several main drawbacks whereby reduction in ultimate tensile strength and elongation to break were being measured in large proportion of the specimens.

scholarly journals A Review on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites under Various Strain Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Tan Ke Khieng ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Ernest Ting Chaw Liang ◽  
Mahmood Anwar ◽  
Alokesh Pramanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Matrix

With the lightning speed of technological evolution, the demand for high performance yet sustainable natural fibres reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) are rising. Especially a mechanically competent NFPCs under various loading conditions are growing day by day. However, the polymers mechanical properties are strain-rate dependent due to their viscoelastic nature. Especially for natural fibre reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) which the involvement of filler has caused rather complex failure mechanisms under different strain rates. Moreover, some uneven micro-sized natural fibres such as bagasse, coir and wood were found often resulting in micro-cracks and voids formation in composites. This paper provides an overview of recent research on the mechanical properties of NFPCs under various loading conditions-different form (tensile, compression, bending) and different strain rates. The literature on characterisation techniques toward different strain rates, composite failure behaviours and current challenges are summarised which have led to the notion of future study trend. The strength of NFPCs is generally found grow proportionally with the strain rate up to a certain degree depending on the fibre-matrix stress-transfer efficiency. The failure modes such as embrittlement and fibre-matrix debonding were often encountered at higher strain rates. The natural filler properties, amount, sizes and polymer matrix types are found to be few key factors affecting the performances of composites under various strain rates whereby optimally adjust these factors could maximise the fibre-matrix stress-transfer efficiency and led to performance increases under various loading strain rates.

Initial properties and ageing behaviour of pineapple leaf and palm fibre as reinforcement for polypropylene

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rungsima Chollakup ◽  
Haroutioun Askanian ◽  
Florence Delor-Jestin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultraviolet Exposure ◽  
Palm Fibre

In the furniture, automotive and contruction industries, there is increased demand for cost-effective and lightweight biocomposites. The objective of this work was to develop new natural fibre-based composites with specific properties. Palm and pineapple leaf fibres were chosen in association with polypropylene (PP). The first step was to investigate the effect of these natural fibres as reinforcement for PP. The evolution of chemical structure and crystallinity was proposed with infrared spectroscopy measurements and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, respectively. The assessments of mechanical properties with tensile tests and melt viscoelastic behaviour were also investigated. The study enabled to distinguish the influence of fibre content. The second step in our work was to assess the composite durability after ultraviolet exposure or thermal ageing. The oxidation level was calculated. The long-term evolution of thermal and mechanical properties was also proposed. As a result, the PP/pineapple leaf composite revealed a promising biocomposite.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Reinforced Hybrid Natural Fibre Composites by Conventional Fabrication and Finite Element Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Dhiwakar S. Ram ◽  
P.N. Bharath Kumar ◽  
R. Sandeep Kumar ◽  
B. Vijaya Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fabrication Errors ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Element Method

Natural Fibre composites are being widely used as a replacement to non-bio-degradable polymer composites. The unavailability of proper processes to treat the natural fibres and the errors in fabrication result in less accurate mechanical properties. The accuracy that is obtained by machine-based processes is not possible in Hand layup method, which is employed in fabrication of natural fibre composites. Finite Element method packages which are specially intended in modelling composite structures give more accurate result of properties than experimental setup, by avoiding fabrication errors. This paper evaluates Impact energy and then the tensile strength, flexural strength of a sugarcane fibre GFRP reinforced polymer matrix both by conventional Hand Layup method and also by Finite Element method.

scholarly journals Laccase-Enzyme Treated Flax Fibre for Use in Natural Fibre Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4529
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Brodowsky ◽  
Anne Hennig ◽  
Michael Thomas Müller ◽  
Anett Werner ◽  
Serge Zhandarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Afm Micrographs

Natural fibres have a high potential as reinforcement of polymer matrices, as they combine a high specific strength and modulus with sustainable production and reasonable prices. Modifying the fibre surface is a common method to increase the adhesion and thereby enhance the mechanical properties of composites. In this study, a novel sustainable surface treatment is presented: the fungal enzyme laccase was utilised with the aim of covalently binding the coupling agent dopamine to flax fibre surfaces. The goal is to improve the interfacial strength towards an epoxy matrix. SEM and AFM micrographs showed that the modification changes the surface morphology, indicating a deposition of dopamine on the surface. Fibre tensile tests, which were performed to check whether the fibre structure was damaged during the treatment, showed that no decrease in tensile strength or modulus occurred. Single fibre pullout tests showed a 30% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) due to the laccase-mediated bonding of the coupling agent dopamine. These results demonstrate that a laccase + dopamine treatment modifies flax fibres sustainably and increases the interfacial strength towards epoxy.

Characterization of mechanical properties on natural fibre reinforced polymer using kenaf and polyurethane

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Isa ◽  
A. B. Suhaimi ◽  
O. S. Zaroog ◽  
N. M. Zahari ◽  
S. N. Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

A Review on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced PLA Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Kasi Raja Rao ◽  
Vinay Kumar Soni ◽  
Rituraj Chandrakar ◽  
Hemant Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Presently, scientists and researchers are in an endless quest to develop green, recyclable, and eco-friendly materials. Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites became popular among materialists due to their lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and biodegradability. However, all-natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are not biodegradable. Polymer matrices like poly-lactic acid (PLA) and poly-butylene succinate (PBS) are biodegradable, whereas epoxy, polypropylene, and polystyrene are non-biodegradable polymer matrices. Besides biodegradability, PLA has been known for its excellent physical and mechanical properties. This review emphasises the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strengths) of natural fibrereinforced PLA composites. Factors affecting the mechanical properties of PLA composites are also discussed. It also unveils research gaps from the previous literature, which shows that limited studies are reported based on modeling and prediction of mechanical properties of hybrid PLA composites reinforcing natural fibres like abaca, aloe vera, and bamboo fibres.

Interfacial Shear Strength of Polylactic Acid-Kenaf Fibre Biocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazleen Anuar ◽  
Ahmad Zuraida ◽  
Bálint Morlin ◽  
József Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
Kenaf Fibre

This paper reported the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between kenaf fibre (KF) and polylactic acid (PLA) matrix which was measured using microbond tests device. The value of IFSS obtained in PLA-KF is comparable to other polymer with natural fibre reinforcements. The properties of single kenaf fibre was determined from tensile tests and also described in this paper. From single kenaf fibre properties, various mechanical properties can be estimated for various applications.

scholarly journals Water Absorption Behaviour and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muñoz ◽  
J. A. García-Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Potential Applications

In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focuses on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55 wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated; the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environment.

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