scholarly journals Strategies for Improving Antimicrobial Properties of Stainless Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matic Resnik ◽  
Metka Benčina ◽  
Eva Levičnik ◽  
Niharika Rawat ◽  
Aleš Iglič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Custom Made

In this review, strategies for improving the antimicrobial properties of stainless steel (SS) are presented. The main focus given is to present current strategies for surface modification of SS, which alter surface characteristics in terms of surface chemistry, topography and wettability/surface charge, without influencing the bulk attributes of the material. As SS exhibits excellent mechanical properties and satisfactory biocompatibility, it is one of the most frequently used materials in medical applications. It is widely used as a material for fabricating orthopedic prosthesis, cardiovascular stents/valves and recently also for three dimensional (3D) printing of custom made implants. Despite its good mechanical properties, SS lacks desired biofunctionality, which makes it prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Due to increased resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, it is imperative to achieve antibacterial properties of implants. Thus, many different approaches were proposed and are discussed herein. Emphasis is given on novel approaches based on treatment with highly reactive plasma, which may alter SS topography, chemistry and wettability under appropriate treatment conditions. This review aims to present and critically discuss different approaches and propose novel possibilities for surface modification of SS by using highly reactive gaseous plasma in order to obtain a desired biological response.

Graphene oxide/epoxy acrylate nanocomposite production via SLA and importance of graphene oxide surface modification for mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Uysal ◽  
Mustafa Çakir ◽  
Bülent Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Epoxy Acrylate ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Modified Graphene

Purpose Traditional nanocomposite production methods such as in situ polymerization, melt blending and solvent technique, have some deficits. Some of these are non-homogeneous particle distribution, setup difficulties, time-consuming and costly. On the other hand, three-dimensional printing technology is a quite popular method. Especially, Stereolithography (SLA) printing offers some benefits such as fast printing, easy setup and smooth surface specialties. Furthermore, surface modification of Graphene Oxide (GO) and its effects on polymer nanocomposites are quite important. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of surface modification of GO nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy acrylate (BisGMA/1,6 hexane diol diacrylate) matrix nanocomposites. Design/methodology/approach In this study, Ultraviolet (UV) curable end groups of synthesized resin were linked to functional groups of graphene oxide, which are synthesized by the Tour method, which is a kind of modified Hummer method. In addition, synthesized GO nanoparticle’s surfaces were modified by 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane. Significant weight percentages of GO were added into the epoxy acrylate resin. Different Wt.% of modified graphene oxide/acrylate resins was used to print test specimens with SLA type three-dimensional printer. Findings Surface modification has a significant effect on tensile strength for graphene oxide nanoparticles contained composites. In addition, a specific trend was not observed for tensile test results of non-modified graphene oxide. The tendency of impact and hardness test finding were similar for both surfaces modified and non-modified nanoparticles. Finally, the distribution of particles was homogeneous. Originality/value This paper is unique because of the inclusion of both surface modifications of graphene oxide nanoparticles and SLA production of nanocomposites with its own production of three-dimensional printer and photocurable polymer resin.

scholarly journals Novel Antibacterial Modification of Polycarbonate for Increment Prototyping in Medicine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Tomasz Flak ◽  
Ewa Trejnowska ◽  
Szymon Skoczyński ◽  
Jadwiga Gabor ◽  
Beata Swinarew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biofilm Development

In the era of modern medicine, the number of invasive treatments increases. Artificial devices used in medicine are associated with an increased risk of secondary infections. Bacterial biofilm development observed on the implanted surface is challenging to treat, primarily due to low antibiotics penetration. In our study, the preparation of a new polycarbonate composite, filled with nanosilver, nanosilica and rhodamine B derivative, suitable for three-dimensional printing, is described. Polymer materials with antimicrobial properties are known. However, in most cases, protection is limited to the outer layers only. The newly developed materials are protected in their entire volume. Moreover, the antibacterial properties are retained after multiple high-temperature processing were performed, allowing them to be used in 3D printing. Bacterial population reduction was observed, which gives an assumption for those materials to be clinically tested in the production of various medical devices and for the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Stainless Steel Parts

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Carreño-Morelli ◽  
Sebastien Martinerie ◽  
Lisa Mucks ◽  
B. Cardis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Selective Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Metal Polymer

Stainless steel parts have been manufactured by two different layer by layer additive processes. The first one is a standard three dimensional process, in which metal powders are bound by selective deposition of binder with a printer head. The second one is a novel process, which is based on the selective deposition of a solvent on metal-polymer granule beds. The microstructures of green and sintered parts are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties evaluated by hardness and tensile tests. Solvent on granule printing allows to reach mechanical properties similar to those of metal injection moulding parts.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforcing Poly(Ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhao Hou ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Paulo Jorge Da Silva Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
3D Printed

Scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) substrates providing appropriate mechanical support and biological environments for new tissue formation, are the most common approaches in tissue engineering. To improve scaffold properties such as mechanical properties, surface characteristics, biocompatibility and biodegradability, different types of fillers have been used reinforcing biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. This paper investigates and compares the mechanical and biological behaviors of 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds reinforced with graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) at different concentrations. Results show that contrary to G which improves mechanical properties and enhances cell attachment and proliferation, GO seems to show some cytotoxicity, particular at high contents.

Comparison of Properties between General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire and Commercial Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wire

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Ekkapot Sukhanun ◽  
Tunwa Intrarasuksanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Steel Wires

In Thailand, commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires are imported from overseas and expensive. However, lower cost general purpose stainless steel wires, the same type and number as commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires may be used for orthodontic purposes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: Two commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Ormco and Highland) and general purpose stainless steel wire (SUS 304H) were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ISO 15841:2006 and corrosion resistance was studied according to ISO 10271:2001. Surface characteristics and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer, respectively. Results: The experiment indicated that SUS 304H had the diameter and mechanical properties in the range of orthodontic stainless steel wires. The surface characteristics SUS 304H were similar from observation by SEM magnifications but SUS 304H had lower corrosion resistance due to lower nickel content. The composition confirmed that the three samples wires were genuine type 304. Conclusion: SUS 304H properties are comparable to commercial orthodontic wire properties.

Investigation on mechanical, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel by solution treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (114) ◽  
pp. 112738-112747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhao ◽  
Chunguang Yang ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
M. Saleem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

Solution treated 2205-Cu DSS with strong antibacterial performance against M. salsuginis showed appropriate mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Effects of Ultrasonic Nano-Crystal Surface Modification on the Microstructure and Properties of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ye ◽  
Abhishek Telang ◽  
Amrinder S. Gill ◽  
Sergey Suslov ◽  
Zhong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Nano Crystal

In this study, the effects of Ultrasonic Nano-crystal Surface Modification (UNSM) on the microstructure changes and the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel 304 were studied. Due to the dynamic impacts induced by the multiple strikes during UNSM, surface nanocrystallization and transformation to martensite has been achieved. The work-hardened surface layers (3.5 times the original hardness) lead to significant improvement in the mechanical properties as measured by nano-indentation and tensile test. The results demonstrate that UNSM is a powerful surface processing technique that can improve component mechanical properties and performance.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Properties of AISI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Cryogenic Treatment Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Shivani Koppula ◽  
Aakula Rajkumar ◽  
Siram Hari Krishna ◽  
Reddi Sai Prudhvi ◽  
S. Aparna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Impact

The Duplex stainless steel AISI 2205 is well known for its corrosion resistance, applicable to high pitting and stress resistance. Cryogenic treatment is chosen to boost the mechanical properties of AISI 2205 Stainless Steel. The specimens undergo cryogenic treatment, one of them being treated to the saturated limit. For comparison purpose, one specimen is kept as untreated. Wear test will be conducted at a constant speed and variable load by a pin on disc wear testing apparatus. Wear test is completed to assess the capability of utilizing a specific surface building innovation to diminish wear for a particular application and to research the impact of treatment conditions on the wear execution, so upgraded surface treatment conditions can be figured it out. Eventually, all specimens were undergone with Scanning Electron Microscope analysis.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional (3D) Microstructure-Based Modeling of a Thermally-Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Based on X-ray Microtomography, Nanoindentation and Micropillar Compression

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Qingdong Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Arun Sundar S. Singaravelu ◽  
Weizhao Sun ◽  
Tao Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Individual Phase ◽  
Micropillar Compression

Finite element analysis was conducted on a thermally-aged cast duplex stainless steel based on the true three-dimensional (3D) microstructure obtained from X-ray microtomography experiments and using the constitutive behavior of each individual phase extracted from nanoindentation on single-crystal and bicrystal micropillar compression tests. The evolution of the phase morphology, the mechanical properties and the boundary deformation behavior during the aging process are highlighted. Quantitative analysis in terms of the distribution and evolution of the stress and strain in both the as received and aged conditions was performed. The experimental results show that aging at an intermediate temperature has a negligible influence on the morphology of the two phases in cast duplex stainless steel (CDSS). Results from simulations reveal that the mechanical behavior of this material were seriously affected by the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the individual phase and the necking deformation tend to form in the area with less large ferrite grains after aging. In addition, stress localization tends to form at the austenite/ferrite interface, in the narrow region of ferrite grains and in the small ferrite grains.

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