scholarly journals Wear Simulation of Ceramic-on-Crosslinked Polyethylene Hip Prostheses: A New Non-Oxide Silicon Nitride versus the Gold Standard Composite Oxide Ceramic Femoral Heads

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Yorifuji ◽  
Saverio Affatato ◽  
Toshiyuki Tateiwa ◽  
Yasuhito Takahashi ◽  
Takaaki Shishido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Silica Layer ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Femoral Heads

The purpose of the present study was to compare the wear behavior of ceramic-on-vitamin-E-diffused crosslinked polyethylene (Vit-E XLPE) hip bearings employing the gold standard oxide ceramic, zirconia (ZrO2)-toughened alumina (Al2O3) (ZTA, BIOLOX®delta) and a new non-oxide ceramic, silicon nitride (Si3N4, MC2®). In vitro wear test was performed using a 12-station hip joint simulator. The test was carried out by applying the kinematic inputs and outputs as recommended by ISO 14242-1:2012. Vitamin-E-diffused crosslinked polyethylene (Vit-E XLPE) acetabular liners (E1®) were coupled with Ø28-mm ZTA and Si3N4 femoral heads. XLPE liner weight loss over 5 million cycles (Mc) of testing was compared between the two different bearing couples. Surface topography, phase contents, and residual stresses were analyzed by contact profilometer and Raman microspectroscopy. Vit-E XLPE liners coupled with Si3N4 heads produced slightly lower wear rates than identical liners with ZTA heads. The mean wear rates (corrected for fluid absorption) of liners coupled with ZTA and Si3N4 heads were 0.53 ± 0.24 and 0.49 ± 0.23 mg/Mc after 5 Mc of simulated gait, respectively. However, after wear testing, the ZTA heads retained a smoother topography and showed fewer surface stresses than the Si3N4 ones. Note that no statistically significant differences were found in the above comparisons. This study suggests that the tribochemically formed soft silica layer on the Si3N4 heads may have reduced friction and slightly lowered the wear of the Vit-E XLPE liners. Considering also that the toughness of Si3N4 is superior to ZTA, the present wear data represent positive news in the future development of long-lasting hip components.

scholarly journals Influence of Metallic Deposition on Ceramic Femoral Heads on the Wear Behavior of Artificial Hip Joints: A Simulator Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3569
Author(s):  
Jessica Hembus ◽  
Lisa Rößler ◽  
Mario Jackszis ◽  
Annett Klinder ◽  
Rainer Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Artificial Hip ◽  
Femoral Heads ◽  
Wear Simulator ◽  
Artificial Hip Joints

Several retrieval studies have reported on metallic depositions on ceramic femoral heads, but the effect on the wear behavior of artificial hip joints has not been investigated in wear simulator studies. In the present study, retrieved ceramic heads with metallic depositions as third particles were tested against cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liners in a hip wear simulator. The amount of liner wear and expansion of metallic depositions on the heads were determined before and after wear testing with digital microscopy. The surface roughness of the heads was investigated in areas with and without metallic depositions by laser scanning microscopy. After five million load cycles, a non-significant reduction in the metallic formation on the retrieved heads was found. The metallic areas showed a higher surface roughness compared to unconcerned areas. The liners showed a higher wear rate of 1.57 ± 1.36 mg/million cycles for 28 mm heads and 2.42 ± 0.82 mg/million cycles for 36 mm heads with metallic depositions, in comparison with new ceramic heads with a 28 mm size ((−0.06 ± 0.89) mg/million cycles) and 36 mm size ((2.04 ± 0.46) mg/million cycles). Metallic transfer on ceramic heads can lead to an increased surface roughness and higher wear rates at the UHMWPE liners. Therefore, metallic contact of the ceramic femoral head should be avoided.

Microstructural Effects on the Wear Resistance of Co-Cr Implant Alloys

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Affatato ◽  
W. Leardini ◽  
A. Jedenmalm ◽  
M. Zavalloni ◽  
O. Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Metal On Metal ◽  
Microstructural Effects ◽  
Femoral Heads ◽  
Polyethylene Particles ◽  
Implant Alloys ◽  
Different Diameters

Modern metal-on-metal articulation have been proposed to reduce the incidence of osteolysis due to polyethylene particles debris, as a late complication. The tribology of large metal-on-metal articulations allows theoretical advantages with respect to other configurations, especially for the lubrication regime. This study was aimed to compare the wear performances of different diameters of clinically available acetabular metallic components manufactured in a cast cobalt-chrome alloy. To evaluate the influence of the material properties of wear and microstructure, metal-on-metal components were tested in a hip joint simulator for five million cycles with bovine calf serum as lubricant. In particular, three different configurations of metal-on-metal components (28-mm, 36-mm, 54-mm) were tested. After the test all specimens were examined with optical and electronic scanning microscope. A statistical difference were observed among the three groups tested in the run-in and steady-state wear rates, favoring the larger femoral heads. The results of this study indicate that the 54-mm diameter femoral heads prove a better wear behavior than the smaller configurations.

scholarly journals Knee Wear Assessment: 3D Scanners Used as a Consolidated Procedure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Affatato ◽  
Maria Cristina Valigi ◽  
Silvia Logozzo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Mobile Bearing ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Optical Scanners ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
3D Scanners

It is well known that wear occurring in polyethylene menisci is a significant clinical problem. At this regard, wear tests on biomaterials medical devices are performed in order to assess their pre-clinical performance in terms of wear, durability, resistance to fatigue, etc. The objective of this study was to assess the wear of mobile total knee polyethylene inserts after an in vitro wear test. In particular, the wear behavior of mobile bearing polyethylene knee configurations was investigated using a knee joint wear simulator. After the completion of the wear test, the polyethylene mobile menisci were analyzed through a consolidated procedure by using 3D optical scanners, in order to evaluate the 3D wear distribution on the prosthesis surface, wear depths, wear rates, amount of material loss and contact areas. The results in terms of wear rates and wear volumes were compared with results of gravimetric tests, finding equivalent achievements.

Wear Evaluation of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Using Pin-On-Flat and Hip Simulation Techniques

1995 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Schroeder ◽  
Joel C. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Hip Simulator ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wear Evaluation ◽  
Isostatic Compression

AbstractReduction of wear and wear debris is one of the most important areas of research presently in the field of orthopedic devices. It is speculated that wear debris is one of the contributing factors in the cascade of events that lead to osteolysis. In this regard it is very important to be able to evaluate in vitro the wear of UHMWPE produced by various manufacturing methods. Presently the three most common methods of wear testing are: pin-on-flat, pin-on-disk, and hip simulator.Wear evaluation was performed on gamma irradiated UHMWPE that was manufactured by three different processes: extrusion, direct compression molding, and isostatic compression molding. The wear evaluation consisted of pin-on-flat and hip simulator testing.omparison of the results from these two different types of tests show that the two tests would rank the wear resistance of the UHMWPE in the same order. However, there is a variation in the difference of the wear rates between the two tests. The pin-on-flat results show that the direct and isostatic compression molded material had approximately 50% less wear than the extruded material whereas the hip simulator results show that the isostatic compression molded material had 16% less wear than the extruded material. The difference in the results of these two tests are the effects of a combination of factors including the mechanical and material properties of the UHN4WPE, modes of wear that are active, the state of stress (constant vs. cyclic) in the specimens, third body contamination of the lubricant, bacterial degradation of the bovine serum lubricant, etc. Both tests are very important and necessary in the evaluation of wear of orthopedic materials.

scholarly journals Does Metal Transfer Differ on Retrieved Ceramic and CoCr Femoral Heads?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza K. Fredette ◽  
Daniel W. MacDonald ◽  
Richard J. Underwood ◽  
Antonia F. Chen ◽  
Michael A. Mont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Median Surface ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Femoral Heads ◽  
Bearing Materials ◽  
Pin On Disk

Metal transfer has been observed on retrieved THA femoral heads for both CoCr and ceramic bearing materials.In vitrowear testing has shown increased wear to polyethylene acetabular liners with the presence of metal transfer. This study sought to investigate the extent of metal transfer on the bearing surface of CoCr and ceramic femoral heads and identify prevalent morphologies. Three bearing couple cohorts: M-PE (n=50), C-PE (n=35), and C-C (n=15), were derived from two previously matched collections (n=50/group) of CoCr and ceramic femoral heads. From the three cohorts, 75% of the femoral heads showed visual evidence of metal transfer. These femoral heads were analyzed using direct measurement, digital photogrammetry, and white light interferometry. Surface area coverage and curved median surface area were similar among the three cohorts. The most prevalent metal transfer patterns observed were random stripes (n=21/75), longitudinal stripes (n=17/75), and random patches (n=13/75). Metal transfer arc length was shorter in the M-PE cohort. Understanding the morphology of metal transfer may be useful for more realistic recreation of metal transfer inin vitropin-on-disk and joint simulators studies.

Fixed Bearing Knee Congruency – Influence on Contact Mechanics, Abrasive Wear and Kinematics

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Grupp ◽  
Dave Stulberg ◽  
Christian Kaddick ◽  
Allan Maas ◽  
Bernhard Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Fixed Bearing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Surface Contact ◽  
Total Knee

The objective of our study was to evaluate the in vitro wear behavior of fixed bearing designs for total knee arthroplasty in relation to contact mechanics and resultant kinematics for different degrees of congruency. A finite element model was created for three knee articulations with increasing degrees of tibio-femoral congruency (flat, curved, and dished design). For the three different knee design configurations, in vitro wear simulation was performed according to ISO 14243–1. Contact areas increased with increasing knee congruency, whereas the peak surface contact stresses decreased. The wear rates for the knee design configurations differed substantially between the three test groups (flat, curved, and dished). Our observations demonstrate that increased congruency in conjunction with decreased surface contact stresses significantly contributes to reducing wear in fixed bearing knee articulations.

scholarly journals In-vitro & In-vivo Investigation of the Silicon Nitride Ceramic Hip Implant’s Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangpeng Kong ◽  
Xiaosu Hu ◽  
Wei Chai
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Silicon Nitride Ceramic ◽  
Hip Implant ◽  
Total Hip

Abstract Background: With regard to the ceramic hip joint implant, given the concerns in ceramic about the alumina brittleness and zirconia instability, is there any alternative material solution for the orthopaedic implant? Beyond the metastable oxide ceramics, along the echelon of advanced technical ceramics, looking at the non-oxide ceramic, the silicon nitride could be an excellent candidate for the joint implant’s application. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, effectiveness and to demonstrate the potential of this silicon nitride hip implant. Methods: According to the related ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards, a series of in-vitro (nine) & in-vivo (five) tests, which had been accomplished for the aforementioned aim. Especially, the total hip replacement in pigs had been achieved, as per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time to apply the THA (Total Hip Arthroplasty) in the big animal. Results: Refer to the ISO 6474-2, in comparison with the current monopolized German product, this silicon nitride ceramic hip implant has high strength, high hardness, excellent fracture toughness, lower density, better wear resistance, good biocompatibility, inherent stability, corrosion resistance and bioactivity, bone integration capability. Conclusions: This silicon nitride ceramic will be an admirable alternative solution with superior comprehensive property that can withstand the toughest conditions in the most demanding applications like in orthopedic and beyond.

In Vitro Wear Testing of Conventional Versus Sequentially Cross-Linked Polyethylene Liners in Combination with Different Sizes of Ceramic Femoral Heads

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Zietz ◽  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
Lars Middelborg ◽  
Wolfram Mittelmeier ◽  
Rainer Bader
Keyword(s):  
Wear Testing ◽  
Femoral Heads

Total Hip Wear Assessment: A Comparison Between Computational and In Vitro Wear Assessment Techniques Using ISO 14242 Loading and Kinematics

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Matsoukas ◽  
Ryan Willing ◽  
Il Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Volumetric Wear ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Nonlinear Stress

In the present study a direct comparison was made between in vitro total hip wear testing and a computational analysis considering the effects of time and a nonlinear stress-strain relationship for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) at 37°C. The computational simulation was made correct through calibration to experimental volumetric wear results, and the predicted damage layout on the acetabular liner surface was compared with results estimated from laser scanning of the actual worn specimens. The wear rates for the testing specimens were found to be 17.14±1.23 mg/106 cycles and 19.39±0.79 mg/106 cycles, and the cumulative volumetric wear values after 3×106 cycles were 63.70 mm3 and 64.02 mm3 for specimens 1 and 2, respectively. The value of the calibrated wear coefficient was found to be 5.32(10−10) mm3/N mm for both specimens. The major difference between the computational and experimental wear results was the existence of two damage vectors in the experimental case. The actual location of damage was virtually the same in both cases, and the maximum damage depth of the computational model agreed well with the experiment. The existence of multiple wear vectors may indicate the need for computational approaches to account for multidirectional sliding or strain hardening of UHMWPE. Despite the limitation in terms of describing the overall damage layout, the present computational model shows that simulation can mimic some of the behavior of in vitro wear.

A Direct Comparision of Patient and Simulator Total Knee Replacement Kinematics

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. DesJardins ◽  
Scott A. Banks ◽  
Lisa C. Benson ◽  
Martine LaBerge
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Simulation ◽  
Total Knee

Abstract The need to critically evaluate the efficacy of current total knee replacement (TKR) wear testing methodologies is great. Proposed international standards for TKR wear simulation have been drafted, yet their validity continues to be debated. The “gold standard” to which all wear testing methodologies should be compared is the measured in vivo TKR performance of the patient population. With the exception of retrieval analyses, few detailed comparisons of in-vitro vs. in-vivo TKR performance have been performed to date. The current study compares simulator TKR wear testing kinematics to measured in vivo TKR kinematics to evaluate the validity of the proposed ISO force-controlled wear testing methodology.

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