scholarly journals Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Bone Defects Treated with Additively Manufactured Porous Metallic Biomaterials: The Effects of Inelastic Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Marianne Koolen ◽  
Saber Amin Yavari ◽  
Karel Lietaert ◽  
Ruben Wauthle ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Porous Biomaterials

Additively manufactured (AM) porous metallic biomaterials, in general, and AM porous titanium, in particular, have recently emerged as promising candidates for bone substitution. The porous design of such materials allows for mimicking the elastic mechanical properties of native bone tissue and showed to be effective in improving bone regeneration. It is, however, not clear what role the other mechanical properties of the bulk material such as ductility play in the performance of such biomaterials. In this study, we compared the bone tissue regeneration performance of AM porous biomaterials made from the commonly used titanium alloy Ti6Al4V-ELI with that of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). CP-Ti was selected because of its high ductility as compared to Ti6Al4V-ELI. Critical-sized (6 mm diameter) femoral defects in rats were treated with implants made from both Ti6Al4V-ELI and CP-Ti. Bone regeneration was assessed up to 11 weeks using micro-CT scanning. The regenerated bone volume was assessed ex vivo followed by histology and biomechanical testing to assess osseointegration of the implants. The bony defects treated with AM CP-Ti implants generally showed higher volumes of regenerated bone as compared to those treated with AM Ti6Al4V-ELI. The torsional strength of the two titanium groups were similar however, and both considerably lower than those measured for intact bony tissue. These findings show the importance of material type and ductility of the bulk material in the ability for bone tissue regeneration of AM porous biomaterials.

A highly bioactive and biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate)–silica glass hybrid elastomer with tailored mechanical properties for bone tissue regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (16) ◽  
pp. 3222-3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Yaobin Wu ◽  
Yuzhang Du ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Bo Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biodegradable Poly

A highly bioactive and biodegradable PGS–Silica bioactive glass hybrid elastomer with tailored mechanical properties was developed for bone tissue regeneration application.

scholarly journals Fabrication of High-Strength and Porous Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Human-Like Collagen for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannan Liu ◽  
Juan Gu ◽  
Daidi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration

A novel, three-dimensional, porous, human-like collagen (HLC)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold cross-linked by 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane (DEO) was successfully fabricated, which showed excellent mechanical and superior biological properties for bone tissue regeneration in this study. The physicochemical characterizations of different n-HA/HLC/DEO (nHD) scaffolds were investigated by determining the morphology, compression stress, elastic modulus, Young’s modulus and enzymatic hydrolysis behavior in vitro. The results demonstrated that nHD-2 and nHD-3 scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis compared to nHD-1 scaffolds. The cell viability, live cell staining and cell adhesion analysis results demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent cytocompatibility compared with nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds. Furthermore, subcutaneous injections of nHD-2 scaffolds in rabbits produced superior anti-biodegradation effects and histocompatibility compared with injections of nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds after 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In addition, the repair of bone defects in rabbits demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds presented an improved ability for guided bone regeneration and reconstruction compared to commercially available bone scaffold composite hydroxyapatite/collagen (HC). Collectively, the results show that nHD-2 scaffolds show promise for application in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties, anti-biodegradation, anti-biodegradation, biocompatibility and bone repair effects.

scholarly journals Biofabrication of SDF-1 Functionalized 3D-Printed Cell-Free Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lauer ◽  
Philipp Wolf ◽  
Dorothea Mehler ◽  
Hermann Götz ◽  
Mehmet Rüzgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I

Large segmental bone defects occurring after trauma, bone tumors, infections or revision surgeries are a challenge for surgeons. The aim of our study was to develop a new biomaterial utilizing simple and cheap 3D-printing techniques. A porous polylactide (PLA) cylinder was printed and functionalized with stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) or bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) immobilized in collagen type I. Biomechanical testing proved biomechanical stability and the scaffolds were implanted into a 6 mm critical size defect in rat femur. Bone growth was observed via x-ray and after 8 weeks, bone regeneration was analyzed with µCT and histological staining methods. Development of non-unions was detected in the control group with no implant. Implantation of PLA cylinder alone resulted in a slight but not significant osteoconductive effect, which was more pronounced in the group where the PLA cylinder was loaded with collagen type I. Addition of SDF-1 resulted in an osteoinductive effect, with stronger new bone formation. BMP-7 treatment showed the most distinct effect on bone regeneration. However, histological analyses revealed that newly formed bone in the BMP-7 group displayed a holey structure. Our results confirm the osteoinductive character of this 3D-biofabricated cell-free new biomaterial and raise new options for its application in bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Marine-Inspired Enzymatic Mineralization of Dairy-Derived Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Karl Norris ◽  
Magdalena Kocot ◽  
Anna M. Tryba ◽  
Feng Chai ◽  
Abdullah Talari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Whey Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biological Studies

Whey protein isolate (WPI) is a by-product from the production of cheese and Greek yoghurt comprising β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) (75%). Hydrogels can be produced from WPI solutions through heating; hydrogels can be sterilized by autoclaving. WPI hydrogels have shown cytocompatibility and ability to enhance proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-forming cells. Hence, they have promise in the area of bone tissue regeneration. In contrast to commonly used ceramic minerals for bone regeneration, a major advantage of hydrogels is the ease of their modification by incorporating biologically active substances such as enzymes. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main inorganic component of the exoskeletons of marine invertebrates. Two polymorphs of CaCO3, calcite and aragonite, have shown the ability to promote bone regeneration. Other authors have reported that the addition of magnesium to inorganic phases has a beneficial effect on bone-forming cell growth. In this study, we employed a biomimetic, marine-inspired approach to mineralize WPI hydrogels with an inorganic phase consisting of CaCO3 (mainly calcite) and CaCO3 enriched with magnesium using the calcifying enzyme urease. The novelty of this study lies in both the enzymatic mineralization of WPI hydrogels and enrichment of the mineral with magnesium. Calcium was incorporated into the mineral formed to a greater extent than magnesium. Increasing the concentration of magnesium in the mineralization medium led to a reduction in the amount and crystallinity of the mineral formed. Biological studies revealed that mineralized and unmineralized hydrogels were not cytotoxic and promoted cell viability to comparable extents (approximately 74% of standard tissue culture polystyrene). The presence of magnesium in the mineral formed had no adverse effect on cell viability. In short, WPI hydrogels, both unmineralized and mineralized with CaCO3 and magnesium-enriched CaCO3, show potential as biomaterials for bone regeneration.

Injectable Organic-Inorganic Biocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration - A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Inta Kreicberga ◽  
Kristine Salma-Ancane
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Large Bone

Bone regeneration is complex physiological process, which include the most common form of regeneration - bone fracture healing and new bone formation. Moreover, large bone defects, infections and bone diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis can impair bone regeneration. Despite intensive research and development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, especially for osteoporotic bone healing, the properties of the fabricated biomaterials are still far from those of unique composite structure of natural bone and desired therapeutic effect not achieved. This mini-review will highlight the various cutting-edge injectable inorganic-organic biocomposites as minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics for bone tissue regeneration. The review will summarize the main strategic tools for the development of injectable biocomposites: natural or synthetic biopolymer-based hydrogels, bioactive inorganic fillers and biologically active components, as well as the fabrication techniques and synthesis methods.

scholarly journals Is There a Governing Role of Osteocytes in Bone Tissue Regeneration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Wei Cao ◽  
Marco N. Helder ◽  
Nathalie Bravenboer ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Jianfeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Osteoblast Activity

Abstract Purpose of Review Bone regeneration plays an important role in contemporary clinical treatment. Bone tissue engineering should result in successful bone regeneration to restore congenital or acquired bone defects in the human skeleton. Osteocytes are thought to have a governing role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and thus bone loss and formation. In this review, we address the so far largely unknown role osteocytes may play in bone tissue regeneration. Recent Findings Osteocytes release biochemical signaling molecules involved in bone remodeling such as prostaglandins, nitric oxide, Wnts, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Treatment of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering with prostaglandins (e.g., PGE2, PGI2, PGF2α), nitric oxide, IGF-1, or Wnts (e.g., Wnt3a) improves osteogenesis. Summary This review provides an overview of the functions of osteocytes in bone tissue, their interaction with other bone cells, and their role in bone remodeling. We postulate that osteocytes may have a pivotal role in bone regeneration as well, and consequently that the bone regeneration process may be improved effectively and rapidly if osteocytes are optimally used and stimulated.

Nanomaterials for bone tissue regeneration: updates and future perspectives

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 2987-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Hill ◽  
Baowen Qi ◽  
Rasoul Bayaniahangar ◽  
Vida Araban ◽  
Zahra Bakhtiary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Made In

Joint replacement and bone reconstructive surgeries are on the rise globally. Current strategies for implants and bone regeneration are associated with poor integration and healing resulting in repeated surgeries. A multidisciplinary approach involving basic biological sciences, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and clinical research is required to overcome this problem. Considering the nanostructured nature of bone, expertise and resources available through recent advancements in nanobiotechnology enable researchers to design and fabricate devices and drug delivery systems at the nanoscale to be more compatible with the bone tissue environment. The focus of this review is to present the recent progress made in the rationale and design of nanomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery relevant to bone regeneration.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel injectable alginate–collagen–hydroxyapatite hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 3081-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T. Bendtsen ◽  
Mei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Injectable Hydrogel ◽  
Surgical Setting ◽  
Hydrogel System

This novel fabrication process allowed for the development of an injectable hydrogel system with a gelation time suitable for a surgical setting and components necessary for promoting enhanced bone regeneration.

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