scholarly journals The Antibacterial Efficacy and In Vivo Toxicity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Endodontic Irrigating Solutions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Sung-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Chia Teng ◽  
Chia Chun Chu ◽  
You-Tai Chu ◽  
Chung-He Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and in vivo toxicity using embryonic zebrafish assays of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl))-based root canal irrigating solutions. Methodology: Using 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL Enterococcus faecalis to mix with each 10 mL specimen of NaOCl or HOCl for designed time periods. The above protocol was also repeated for Streptococcus mutans. The concentration of viable microorganisms was estimated based on each standardized inoculum using a plate-count method. Zebrafish embryo assays were used to evaluate acute toxicity. Results: All the HOCl or NaOCl treatment groups showed > 99.9% antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Zebrafish embryos showed almost complete dissolution in 1.5% NaOCl within 5 min. Both survival rates after being treated with 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl for 0.5 min or 1.0 min were similar to that of E3 medium. Conclusions: Both NaOCl and HOCl revealed similar antibacterial efficacy (> 99.9%) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. While 1.5% NaOCl fully dissolved the Zebrafish embryos, both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed little in vivo toxicity, affirming its potential as an alternative irrigation solution for vital pulp therapy.

scholarly journals The In Vivo Toxicity and Antimicrobial Properties for Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Mouthwashes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Jiun-Cheng Yao ◽  
Sung-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Chia Teng ◽  
You-Tai Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water as a mouthwash through the evaluation of its in vivo toxicity by embryonic zebrafish and antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methodology: Each 1.5–3.0 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were added into an electrolyzer with 300 mL of DD water to produce electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water. A zebrafish embryo assay was used to evaluate acute toxicity of specimens. Antimicrobial property was conducted with 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL S. mutans to blend with each 10 mL specimen of chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for various time points. The concentration of viable microorganisms was assessed according to individually standardized inoculum by a plate-count method. Results: Among the EO water produced from NaCl, NaBr, and CaCl2, the EO water from NaCl showed a relatively low mortality rate of zebrafish embryos and was chosen for a detailed investigation. The mortality rates for the groups treated with EO water containing 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl were not statically different from those of a negative control, however the mortality rate was 66.7 ± 26.2% in 0.2% CHX gluconate for the same treatment time of 0.5 min. All of the HOCl or 2.0% CHX gluconate groups showed >99.9% antimicrobial effectiveness against S. mutans; while the 0.2% CHX gluconate group showed a bacterial reduction rate of 87.5% and 97.1% for treatment times of 0.5 min and 1.0 min, respectively. Conclusions: Except for the 0.2% CHX gluconate, all the HOCl specimens and 2.0% CHX gluconate revealed similar antimicrobial properties (>99.9%) against S. mutans. The EO water comprised of both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed >99.9% antimicrobial efficacy but with little in vivo toxicity, illuminating the possibility as an alternative mouthwash for dental and oral care.

Heteroleptic mononuclear compounds of ruthenium(ii): synthesis, structural analyses, in vitro antitumor activity and in vivo toxicity on zebrafish embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (47) ◽  
pp. 19127-19140 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Lenis-Rojas ◽  
A. R. Fernandes ◽  
C. Roma-Rodrigues ◽  
P. V. Baptista ◽  
F. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Mononuclear Compounds

Cytotoxic properties, DNA-interaction and in vivo toxicity were evaluated in Ru(ii) compounds.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION USING 3% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 940NM DIODE LASER AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN SINGLE SITTING PULPECTOMY: AN IN-VIVO STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Thomas T Parakkal ◽  
Pulkit Jhingan ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Vinod Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Disinfection ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a common bacterial species in resistant and recurrent infections. It has an active proton pump which prevents its easy inhibition leading to endodontic treatment failure. LASER and photodynamic therapy have been employed lately in improving antimicrobial chemotherapy of localized infections. Aim: To compare disinfection efficacy of 940nm Diode LASER & Photodynamic therapy(PDT) to Conventional method using 3% Sodium hypochlorite in canals of endodontically treated primary teeth. Method: Single sitting Pulpectomy was performed on 60 mandibular first primary molars, divided into 3 groups, disinfected using mentioned modalities. Disinfection potential was compared collecting samples at 3 stages using paper points, cultured and incubated for 24hrs to check change in Colony Forming Units of the bacteria. Results: Data analysis with SPSS version 20 software using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U test. Conclusion: The three groups showed effective disinfection as revealed by the reduction in the colony forming units of the bacteria at baseline and after intervention. However, diode laser when used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite as a disinfecting modality was found to be the most effective for the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis from infected root canals.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Jafarzadeh ◽  
Maryam Bidar ◽  
Sepideh Hooshiar ◽  
Mahboubeh Naderinasab ◽  
Mostafa Moazzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and MUMS containing 2% chlorhexidine. Materials and methods All of the above irrigants were examined on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and E.coli. A total of 0.5 CC of each solution and 0.5 CC of McFarland solution bacterium were added to each examination tube. After 15, 30 and 45 minutes, colony count was performed for each tube. The difference in the number of bacteria indicated the effect taken by disinfectant material. Results MUMS containing chlorhexidine showed the antimicrobial properties just like chlorhexidine's effect against E.coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei in preventing these entire microorganisms to incubate. Sodium hypochlorite was not effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans incubated in 15, 30 and 45 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis in 15 minutes. Conclusion MUMS has antimicrobial properties similar to chlorhexidine. Clinical significance As MUMS containing chlorhexidine can transfer chlorhexidine through its own surfactant around apical area and it can open the dentinal tubules by its own chelator for more penetration of chlorhexidine, it may be a choice for canal irrigation. How to cite this article Bidar M, Hooshiar S, Naderinasab M, Moazzami M, Orafaee H, Naghavi N, Jafarzadeh H. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4): 436-439.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Jonathan E Sam ◽  
Paulaian Benin ◽  
Ruth H Beaulah ◽  
Gnanaseelan LNU ◽  
Lal Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Cariogenic microorganisms are the most important cause for occurrence of dental caries. Dentifrices and mouthwashes containing antimicrobial substances are proven to be effective in the eradication of these pathogens from the oral cavity. Aim To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride, chlorhexidine (CHX), herbal, and xylitol containing toothpastes and mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus (LB) in subjects within the age group of 18 to 22 years at time intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months. Materials and methods One hundred subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: fluoride, group II: chlorhexidine, group III: herbal, group IV: xylitol and instructed to use toothpastes and mouthwashes containing the specific agents. Salivary samples were collected to evaluate the levels of S. mutans and LB at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Bacterial levels were evaluated using caries risk test (CRT) kit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results During intragroup comparison, S. mutans levels in group I showed statistically significant difference among the four time intervals. On intergroup comparison, S. mutans levels after 6 months for groups I, II, III, and IV were 1.12, 1.16, 1.28, and 1.4 respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that fluoride, CHX, and xylitol showed a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count after a time period of 6 months while herbal group did not show a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count at any intervals. How to cite this article Sam JE, Benin P, Beaulah RH, Gnanaseelan, Krishna L, Raja J. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):60-65.

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