scholarly journals The In Vivo Toxicity and Antimicrobial Properties for Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Mouthwashes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Jiun-Cheng Yao ◽  
Sung-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Chia Teng ◽  
You-Tai Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water as a mouthwash through the evaluation of its in vivo toxicity by embryonic zebrafish and antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methodology: Each 1.5–3.0 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were added into an electrolyzer with 300 mL of DD water to produce electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water. A zebrafish embryo assay was used to evaluate acute toxicity of specimens. Antimicrobial property was conducted with 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL S. mutans to blend with each 10 mL specimen of chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for various time points. The concentration of viable microorganisms was assessed according to individually standardized inoculum by a plate-count method. Results: Among the EO water produced from NaCl, NaBr, and CaCl2, the EO water from NaCl showed a relatively low mortality rate of zebrafish embryos and was chosen for a detailed investigation. The mortality rates for the groups treated with EO water containing 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl were not statically different from those of a negative control, however the mortality rate was 66.7 ± 26.2% in 0.2% CHX gluconate for the same treatment time of 0.5 min. All of the HOCl or 2.0% CHX gluconate groups showed >99.9% antimicrobial effectiveness against S. mutans; while the 0.2% CHX gluconate group showed a bacterial reduction rate of 87.5% and 97.1% for treatment times of 0.5 min and 1.0 min, respectively. Conclusions: Except for the 0.2% CHX gluconate, all the HOCl specimens and 2.0% CHX gluconate revealed similar antimicrobial properties (>99.9%) against S. mutans. The EO water comprised of both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed >99.9% antimicrobial efficacy but with little in vivo toxicity, illuminating the possibility as an alternative mouthwash for dental and oral care.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Efficacy and In Vivo Toxicity of Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Endodontic Irrigating Solutions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Sung-Chih Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Chia Teng ◽  
Chia Chun Chu ◽  
You-Tai Chu ◽  
Chung-He Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and in vivo toxicity using embryonic zebrafish assays of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl))-based root canal irrigating solutions. Methodology: Using 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL Enterococcus faecalis to mix with each 10 mL specimen of NaOCl or HOCl for designed time periods. The above protocol was also repeated for Streptococcus mutans. The concentration of viable microorganisms was estimated based on each standardized inoculum using a plate-count method. Zebrafish embryo assays were used to evaluate acute toxicity. Results: All the HOCl or NaOCl treatment groups showed > 99.9% antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Zebrafish embryos showed almost complete dissolution in 1.5% NaOCl within 5 min. Both survival rates after being treated with 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl for 0.5 min or 1.0 min were similar to that of E3 medium. Conclusions: Both NaOCl and HOCl revealed similar antibacterial efficacy (> 99.9%) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. While 1.5% NaOCl fully dissolved the Zebrafish embryos, both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed little in vivo toxicity, affirming its potential as an alternative irrigation solution for vital pulp therapy.

The Safety and Antimicrobial Properties of Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid in Acetic Acid Buffer for the Treatment of Acute Wounds—a Human Pilot Study and In Vitro Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110156
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Burian ◽  
Lubna Sabah ◽  
Klaus Kirketerp-Møller ◽  
Elin Ibstedt ◽  
Magnus M. Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Wound Irrigation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Acute wounds may require cleansing to reduce the risk of infection. Stabilized hypochlorous acid in acetic buffer (HOCl + buffer) is a novel wound irrigation solution with antimicrobial properties. We performed a first-in-man, prospective, open-label pilot study to document preliminary safety and performance in the treatment of acute wounds. The study enrolled 12 subjects scheduled for a split-skin graft transplantation, where the donor site was used as a model of an acute wound. The treatment time was 75 s, given on 6 occasions. A total of 7 adverse events were regarded as related to the treatment; all registered as pain during the procedure for 2 subjects. One subject had a wound infection at the donor site. The mean colony-forming unit (CFU) decreased by 41% after the treatment, and the mean epithelialization was 96% on both days 14 (standard deviation [SD] 8%) and 21 (SD 10%). The study provides preliminary support for the safety, well-tolerance, and efficacy of HOCl + buffer for acute wounds. The pain was frequent although resolved quickly. Excellent wound healing and satisfying antimicrobial properties were observed. A subsequent in vitro biofilm study also indicated good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 96% mean reduction of CFU, when used for a treatment duration of 15 min ( P < .0001), and a 50% decrease for Staphylococcus aureus ( P = .1010). Future larger studies are needed to evaluate the safety and performance of HOCl + buffer in acute wounds, including the promising antimicrobial effect by prolonged treatment on bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals Synergistic Combination of Chitosan Acetate with Nanoparticle Silver as a Topical Antimicrobial: Efficacy against Bacterial Burn Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 3432-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyi Huang ◽  
Tianhong Dai ◽  
Yi Xuan ◽  
George P. Tegos ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial

ABSTRACTChitosan and nanoparticle silver are both materials with demonstrated antimicrobial properties and have been proposed singly or in combination as constituents of antimicrobial burn dressings. Here, we show that they combine synergistically to inhibit thein vitrogrowth of Gram-positive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis, andAcinetobacter baumannii), as judged by bioluminescence monitoring and isobolographic analysis, and also produce synergistic killing after 30 min of incubation, as measured by a CFU assay. The hypothesized explanation involves chitosan-mediated permeabilization of bacterial cells, allowing better penetration of silver ions into the cell. A dressing composed of freeze-dried chitosan acetate incorporating nanoparticle silver was compared with a dressing of chitosan acetate alone in anin vivoburn model infected with bioluminescentP. aeruginosa. The survival rates of mice treated with silver-chitosan or regular chitosan or left untreated were 64.3% (P= 0.0082 versus regular chitosan andP= 0.0003 versus the control), 21.4%, and 0%, respectively. Most of the fatalities occurred between 2 and 5 days postinfection. Silver-chitosan dressings effectively controlled the development of systemic sepsis, as shown by blood culture. These data suggest that a dressing combining chitosan acetate with silver leads to improved antimicrobial efficacy against fatal burn infections.

NT4X-167; Novel N-terminal Aβ specific antibody, prevents in vitro and in vivo toxicity of highly toxic Aβ4-42 species

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Antonios ◽  
H Borgers ◽  
T Pilot ◽  
V Pena ◽  
T Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

Negative cross resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius population of tomato to newer molecule spinetoram

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
M. Visnupriya ◽  
N. Muthukrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

Field population of Spodoptera litura from tomato ( resistant to the majority of the conventional insecticide molecules) were subjected to the in vivo toxicity of spinetoram 12 SC to assess whether cross resistance exists or not. Untreated larvae of both field and laboratory strains showed no mortality during 48 hours of feeding. After 48 hours of feeding on spinetoram 12 SC treated leaves, LC50s of field larvae were 0.28, 0.93, 3.71 and 7.11 ppm for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. However, in the laboratory strain these values were 1.12, 5.86, 36.72 and 91.55 ppm for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. Resistance ratio was 0.25, 0.16, 0.10 and 0.08 for the 2nd instar up to the 5th instar of S. litura.

Mixed Micelles as Nano Polymer Therapeutics of Docetaxel: Increased In vitro Cytotoxicity and Decreased In vivo Toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arehalli S. Manjappa ◽  
Popat S. Kumbhar ◽  
Prajakta S. Khopade ◽  
Ajit B. Patil ◽  
John I. Disouza
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Polymer Therapeutics ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

Larvicidal activity, aquatic and in vivo toxicity of anacardic acid loaded-zein nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 102513
Author(s):  
Eduardo Júnior Serrão Pinto ◽  
Jennifer Thayanne Cavalcante de Araujo ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo dos Anjos Ferreira ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto ◽  
Laís Aragão Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

scholarly journals The Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm Laser in the Treatment of Onychomycosis In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Kalokasidis ◽  
Meltem Onder ◽  
Myrto-Georgia Trakatelli ◽  
Bertrand Richert ◽  
Klaus Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
532 Nm

In this prospective clinical study, the Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser (Light Age, Inc., Somerset, NJ, USA) was used on 131 onychomycosis subjects (94 females, 37 males; ages 18 to 68 years). Mycotic cultures were taken and fungus types were detected. The laser protocol included two sessions with a one-month interval. Treatment duration was approximately 15 minutes per session and patients were observed over a 3-month time period. Laser fluencies of 14 J/cm2were applied at 9 billionths of a second pulse duration and at 5 Hz frequency. Follow-up was performed at 3 months with mycological cultures. Before and after digital photographs were taken. Adverse effects were recorded and all participants completed “self-evaluation questionnaires” rating their level of satisfaction. All subjects were well satisfied with the treatments, there were no noticeable side effects, and no significant differences were found treating men versus women. At the 3-month follow-up 95.42% of the patients were laboratory mycologically cured of fungal infection. This clinical study demonstrates that fungal nail infections can be effectively and safely treated with Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser. It can also be combined with systemic oral antifungals providing more limited treatment time.

scholarly journals ChemBioSim: Enhancing Conformal Prediction of In Vivo Toxicity by Use of Predicted Bioactivities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Garcia de Lomana ◽  
Andrea Morger ◽  
Ulf Norinder ◽  
Roland Buesen ◽  
Robert Landsiedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformal Prediction ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity
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