scholarly journals Complex Characterization and Behavior of Waste Fired Brick Powder-Portland Cement System

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Fátima Rahhal ◽  
Mónica Adriana Trezza ◽  
Alejandra Tironi ◽  
Claudia Cristina Castellano ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Cement System ◽  
And Performance

Two waste fired brick powders coming from brick factories located in Argentine and Czech Republic were examined as alternative mineral admixtures for the production of blended cements. In pastes composition, local Portland cements (Argentine and Czech) were substituted with 8–40%, by mass, with powdered ceramic waste. For the ceramic waste-Portland cement system, workability, the heat released, pozzolanity, specific density, compressive strength, hydrated phases, porosity, and pore size distribution were tested. The relevance of the dilution effect, filler effect, and pozzolanic activity was analyzed to describe the general behavior of the pozzolan/cement system. The properties and performance of cement blends made with finely ground brick powder depended on the composition of ceramic waste and its reactivity, the plain cement used, and the replacement level. Results showed that the initial mini-slump was not affected by a low ceramic waste replacement (8% and 16%), and then it was decreased with an increase in the ceramic waste content. Brick powder behaved as a filler at early ages, but when the hydration proceeded, its pozzolanic activity consumed partially the calcium hydroxide and promoted the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates depending on the age and present carbonates. Finally, blended cements with fired brick powder had low compressive strength at early ages but comparable strength-class at later age.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of red ceramic waste using mechanical and physicochemical methods

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (375) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Araújo ◽  
A. L. R. de Menezes ◽  
K. C. Cabral ◽  
A. K. C. Nóbrega ◽  
A. E. Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Physicochemical Methods

Abstract Alternative cementitious materials can potentially reduce the environmental impact of the extraction of lime and the hazardous production of Portland cement. Red ceramic waste can be comminuted to fine particles with both filler and pozzolanic activity and used in Portland and lime mortars. This study presents the evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of red ceramic waste by physicochemical and mechanical methods using Portland cement and lime mortars. The evaluated waste depicted high pozzolanic activity and absence of Na2O, and consumed 32% of CaO according to the adapted Chapelle test. The compressive strength recorded in the pozzolanic activity test with lime was 7.1 MPa at 7 days. Moreover, the compressive strength of mixes with 25% replacement of Portland cement by red ceramic waste was 11% higher than the reference waste-free composition. The red ceramic waste depicted adequate characteristics to be used in the production of large volumes of Portland and lime mixes commonly employed in the civil construction.

scholarly journals Portland blended cements: demolition ceramic waste management

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (325) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Trezza ◽  
S. Zito ◽  
A. Tironi ◽  
E. F. Irassar ◽  
V. F. Rahhal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Potential Use

Demolition ceramic wastes (DCWs) were investigated in order to determine their potential use as supplementary cementitious materials in Portland Blended Cements (PBCs). For this purpose, three ceramic wastes were investigated. After characterization of the materials used, the effect of ceramic waste replacement (8, 24 and 40% by mass) was analyzed. Pozzolanic activity, hydration progress, workability and compressive strength were determined at 2, 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the ground wastes behave as filler at an early age, but as hydration progresses, the pozzolanic activity of ceramic waste contributes to the strength requirement.

scholarly journals Biofuel Combustion Fly Ash Influence on the Properties of Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Aurelijus Daugėla ◽  
Džigita Nagrockienė ◽  
Laurynas Zarauskas
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Plasticizing Admixture

Cement as the binding agent in the production of concrete can be replaced with active mineral admixtures. Biofuel combustion fly ash is one of such admixtures. Materials used for the study: Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R, sand of 0/4 fraction, gravel of 4/16 fraction, biofuel fly ash, superplasticizer, water. Six compositions of concrete were designed by replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20%, and 25% of cement with biofuel fly ash. The article analyses the effect of biofuel fly ash content on the properties of concrete. The tests revealed that the increase of biofuel fly ash content up to 20% increases concrete density and compressive strength after 7 and 28 days of curing and decreases water absorption, with corrected water content by using plasticizing admixture. It was found that concrete where 20% of cement is replaced by biofuel ash has higher frost resistance.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Network Estimation of the Effect of Varying Curing Conditions and Cement Type on Hardened Concrete Properties

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Kaplan ◽  
Hasbi Yaprak ◽  
Selçuk Memiş ◽  
Abdoslam Alnkaa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Artificial Neural

The use of mineral admixtures and industrial waste as a replacement for Portland cement is recognized widely for its energy efficiency along with reduced CO2 emissions. The use of materials such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag or limestone powder in concrete production makes this process a sustainable one. This study explored a number of hardened concrete properties, such as compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elasticity modulus, water absorption and depth of penetration under varying curing conditions having produced concrete samples using Portland cement (PC), slag cement (SC) and limestone cement (LC). The samples were produced at 0.63 and 0.70 w/c (water/cement) ratios. Hardened concrete samples were then cured under three conditions, namely standard (W), open air (A) and sealed plastic bag (B). Although it was found that the early-age strength of slag cement was lower, it was improved significantly on 90th day. In terms of the effect of curing conditions on compressive strength, cure W offered the highest compressive strength, as expected, while cure A offered slightly lower compressive strength levels. An increase in the w/c ratio was found to have a negative impact on pozzolanic reactions, which resulted in poor hardened concrete properties. Furthermore, carbonation effect was found to have positive effects on some of the concrete properties, and it was observed to have improved the depth of water penetration. Moreover, it was possible to estimate the compressive strength with high precision using artificial neural networks (ANN). The values of the slopes of the regression lines for training, validating and testing datasets were 0.9881, 0.9885 and 0.9776, respectively. This indicates the high accuracy of the developed model as well as a good correlation between the predicted compressive strength values and the experimental (measured) ones.

scholarly journals Study of Hydration and Microstructure of Mortar Containing Coral Sand Powder Blended with SCMs

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4248
Author(s):  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Xiaodong Shen ◽  
Ya Zhong ◽  
Yuwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Coral Sand

The utilization of coral waste is an economical way of using concrete in coastal and offshore constructions. Coral waste with more than 96% CaCO3 can be ground to fines and combined with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag in replacing Portland cement to promote the properties of cement concrete. The effects of coral sand powder (CSP) compared to limestone powder (LSP) blended with SCMs on hydration and microstructure of mortar were investigated. The result shows CSP has higher activity than LSP when participating in the chemical reaction. The chemical effect among CSP, SCMs, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) results in the appearance of the third hydration peak, facilitating the production of carboaluminate. CSP-SCMs mortar has smaller interconnected pores on account of the porous character of CSP as well as the filler and chemical effect. The dilution effect of CSP leads to the reduction of compressive strength of OPC-CSP and OPC-CSP-SCMs mortars. The synergic effects of CSP with slag and silica fume facilitate the development of compressive strength and lead to a compacted isolation and transfer zone (ITZ) in mortar.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Incorporation of Slag on the Hydration Heat, Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement Containing Limestone Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Toufik Boubekeur ◽  
Bensaid Boulekbache ◽  
Mohamed Salhi ◽  
Karim Ezziane ◽  
EL.Hadj Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Hydration Mechanism ◽  
Durability Performance

This paper presents the experimental results of a wide research program, tending to determine the hydration mechanism, mechanical properties and the durability performance of ternary cement containing limestone powder and slag. The limestone powder increase the hydration at early ages inducing a high strength at, but it can reduce the later strength due to the dilution effect. On the other hands, Slag (S) contributes to increase the compressive strength at later ages. Hence, at medium blended cement (OPC-LP-S) with better performance could be produced. Results show at later age the Slag is very effective in producing ternary blended cements with similar on higher compressive strength than the ordinary Portland cement at 28 and 90 days. For durability, the incorporation of the slag into the cement containing limestone powder improves remarkably resistance to attack by acids and sulfates and it has been found that the durability of the cements never depends on the mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Hydrated Portland Cement Blended with Rice Husk Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joseph Mwiti Marangu ◽  
Cyprian Muturia M’thiruaine ◽  
Mark Bediako
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Carbonation Resistance

In the presence of significant quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) and elevated temperatures in the atmosphere due to climate change, cement-based materials are susceptible to carbonation. Blended cements are more prone to carbonation attack than Portland cement. There is a need to evaluate the carbonation resistance of blended cements in a carbonation-prone environment. This paper presents experimental findings obtained from an evaluation of carbonation resistance tests on Rice Husk Ash- (RHA-) blended cement. The blended cement was made by intergrinding of Portland Cement (PC) and RHA to make the test cement (PC-RHA). The RHA dosage in the PC-RHA was varied from 0 to 30% by mass of PC. Pozzolanicity, standard consistency, and setting time tests were conducted on PC-RHA. Mortar prisms measuring 160 mm × 40 mm x 40 mm were separately cast at a water/cement ratio ( w / c ) of 0.50 and 0.60 and cured in water for 2, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. Compressive strength tests were conducted on the mortar prisms at each of the testing ages. The prepared mortars were also subjected to accelerated carbonation tests in two Relative Humidity (RH) curing regimes, one maintained at an RH greater than 90% and the other between 50–60%. Carbonation resistance of the mixtures was evaluated in terms of the changes in carbonation depth using a phenolphthalein test at the age of 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of curing in a continuous flow of CO2. Compressive strength measurements were also taken during each of the carbonation testing ages. For comparison, similar tests were conducted using commercial PC. The results showed that PC-RHA was pozzolanic while PC was nonpozzolanic. Higher water demand and longer setting times were observed in PC-RHA than in PC. Moreover, there was increased strength development in water-cured samples with increased curing duration. Carbonation results indicated that there was a marked increase in carbonation depth with increased dosage of RHA in PC-RHA binders, increased duration of exposure to CO2, and decreased RH (RH between 50–60%). PC-RHA binders exhibited lower carbonation resistance than PC. In conclusion, for mortars at any w / c ratio, carbonation resistance decreased with increase in RHA dosage and increased w / c ratio.

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Wfarddc North American Fly Ash Database

1991 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans S. Pietersen ◽  
Simon P. Vriend ◽  
Gregory J. Mccarthy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
North American ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Glass Chemistry ◽  
Bulk Chemistry

ABSTRACTThe database of chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of North American Fly ashes, assembled by the WFARDDC in North Dakota, was analyzed using multivariate statistics. Prior to the multivariate analysis, the data were rearranged in subgroups containing information on bulk-chemistry, glass chemistry, mineralogy and ASTM physical test results. These groups were analyzed individually. The multivariate technique used was Fuzzy C-Means Cluster Analysis, combined with Non-Linear Mapping. Analysis of the data-set indicates a relation between glass network former and network modifier content. The database shows that a subdivision on the basis of bulk CaO (< 11%; 11–20%; >20%) correlates well with the ASTM C618 Σ(SiO2 +Al2O3 +Fe2O3) and/or specific gravity. Mineralogical data indicate a subdivision into clusters containing varying amounts of mullite, quartz and/or ferrite spinel and a variety of Ca-containing minerals; high CaO ashes usually have high Ca-mineral contents. Of the CaO containing minerals, only portlandite contributed slightly to the compressive strength as defined by ASTM C618. Analysis of glass chemistry reveals smaller differences in absolute amounts of major oxides than would be expected on the basis of bulk chemistry alone. Surprisingly, the total glass content does not contribute significantly to 28 day compressive strength; multiple regression analysis only indicates a significant relation of particle size and specific gravity with the ASTM Pozzolanic Activity Index (portland cement). The Pozzolanic Activity Index with lime seems to be of limited importance in evaluating the performance of fly ashes as mineral admixtures in concrete. On the basis of the statistical analysis, suggestions for selection of important classifying variables are made.

scholarly journals Perlite Application and Performance Comparison to Conventional Additives in Blended Cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5613-5618
Author(s):  
A. Sicakova ◽  
E. Kardosova ◽  
M. Spak
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

This study compares the performance of perlite with that of conventional additives in blended cements. The results of the application of Perlite Powder (PP) as a component of blended cements in two different proportions (30% and 50%) are presented and compared with standard additives of fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). Moreover, perlite is tested as a component of ternary cement (70% cement, 15% P and 15% FA and GGBFS alternatively). Blended cements are tested in terms of flexural strength, compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, and frost resistance. The results show that although perlite blended cements achieve lower strengths and higher absorptivity compared to conventional additives, they have significant potential for freezing and thawing durability, especially in ternary combination with GGBFS. For practical applications, the intrinsic values of the parameters of the individual binders with perlite (e.g. flexural strength of 4.1–6.2MPa or compressive strength of 18.8–38.5MPa) are sufficient for many practical applications. Perlite, when suitably combined with other pozzolanic materials, can be a suitable component of blended binders.

scholarly journals Evaluation of altered pyroclastics from Rhodope prefecture, Thrace, Greece as constituents of pozzolanic cements

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Ι. ΜΑΡΑΝΤΟΣ ◽  
Γ. ΚΟΣΙΑΡΗΣ ◽  
Β. ΠΕΡΔΙΚΑΤΣΗΣ ◽  
Σ. ΚΑΡΑΝΤΑΣΗ ◽  
Β. ΚΑΛΟΕΙΔΑΣ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Glassy Material ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Regular Type ◽  
Pozzolanic Cement

In the Komotini Tertiary basin, tuffs of various types are alternated with tuffites, siltostones, sandstones and marls forming a thick volcanosedimentary sequence. The tuffs are characterised as ash-, fine ash- and in some cases as welded ash tuffs. Crystal-,lappili- and breccia tuffs also occur. The tuffs are built up of glass shards, pumice shards and crystal fragments which are cemented by glassy material. Crystal fragments are represented by quartz crystals. Plagioclase, albite, sanidine and biotite exist as well. Essentially, the vitric parts of the tuffs are altered to zeolites (heulandite 2 and/or mordenite, analcime, laumontite / scolecite), clay minerals (smectite, kaolinite +/or mixed layer I/S of regular type), Si02 minerals (quartz, cristobalite) and K-feldspar. For the purposes of this study, firstly, standard portland cement concrete specimens and concrete specimens with pyroclastic material from three different places, replacing portland cement by 20%, were prepared. The mineralogical composition of the samples under study and the area where they come from, is as follows: a. Iampolis: analcime + quartz + K-feldspar + albite + Illite/Smectite b. Darmeni : analcime + quartz + K-feldspar + albite + calcite c. Skaloma : smectite + cristobalite + heulandite-2 + mordenite + K-feldspar + quartz The compressive strength of the prepared specimens after periods of 7 and 28 days was measured and the pozzolanic activity of the samples was calculated according to ASTM Standard C618. Following the first test, the pozzolanic activity of a second sample from Iampolis area was more extensively studied. The compressive strength of concrete specimens made of 100% Portland cement of 145 type, and concrete specimens that were prepared by replacing Portland cement in proportions of 10, 20, 30 and 40% was determined. From the results of this study it is concluded that the analcimic tuffs could be a potential source for pozzolanic  cement. More extensive study is needed for the estimation of the percentage of the altered pyroclastics that gives the optimum results concerning the cement pozzolanic activity. The optimization of the pozzolanic properties of the altered pyroclastics by calcination may be investigated as well.

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