Повышение надежности антикоррозионных покрытий для защиты объектов магистральных нефтепроводов с использованием механизма управления качеством

The problem of improving the quality of anticorrosive coatings used at hazardous production facilities, including main oil and oil-products pipelines, is relevant both for pipeline system operators and for manufacturers of materials and equipment. Its solution is facilitated, among other things, by the improvement of the compliance evaluation system for this type of product, which is the subject of consideration by the authors of this article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the compliance evaluation system of anticorrosive coatings used at the facilities of main pipelines operated by the entities of the Transneft system. As part of the paper, the main criteria for evaluation of the compliance of anticorrosive coatings used to protect the surface of tanks, pipelines, structures and equipment of aboveground arrangement are analyzed. The main requirements of national, international and industry standards for environmental conditions and surface preparation for anticorrosion treatment, the quality of the cured coating are considered. An integrated approach to the compliance evaluation of anticorrosive coatings is presented, which makes it possible to improve the quality control of this type of product throughout the product life cycle. Проблема повышения качества антикоррозионных покрытий, применяемых на опасных производственных объектах, в том числе магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводах, актуальна как для операторов трубопроводных систем, так и для производителей материалов и оборудования. Ее решению способствует в том числе совершенствование системы оценки соответствия данного вида продукции, что является предметом рассмотрения авторов настоящей статьи. Цель статьи – анализ системы оценки соответствия антикоррозионных покрытий, используемых на объектах магистральных трубопроводов, эксплуатируемых организациями системы «Транснефть». В рамках работы проанализированы основные критерии оценки соответствия антикоррозионных покрытий, применяемых для защиты поверхности резервуаров, трубопроводов, конструкций и оборудования надземного исполнения. Рассмотрены основные требования национальных, международных и отраслевых стандартов к условиям окружающей среды и подготовке поверхности к антикоррозионной обработке, качеству отвержденного покрытия. Представлен комплексный подход к оценке соответствия антикорозионных покрытий, позволяющий усовершенствовать контроль качества данного вида продукции на всех стадиях жизненного цикла.

Determination the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of possible emergency situations of natural and technogenic nature

Due to frequent emergency cases at hazardous production facilities, which can lead to an environmental disaster, material and social damage, the issue of using the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of responsibility is the most relevant. The greatest weight if it is necessary to determine the rational place for the permanent deployment of territorial emergency rescue units created by the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of guidance documents and methodological recommendations for determining the permanent location of territorial emergency rescue units, this task was solved in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation in its own way and with a significant degree of subjectivity. It is proposed to use an algorithm for determining the permanent location of the rescue formation in the area of responsibility based on the probability of calling the formation to incidents, accidents and emergencies.

Training systems and simulators in thermal power engineering

The article analyzes reasons of technogenic accidents in the RF. It mentions the key ‘internal’ and ‘external’ reasons of accidents at hazardous production facilities. The article deals with the requirements for ensuring reliable, economical and safe operating modes of the equipment. It sets forth a modern structure for personnel training. Certain scientific and technical requirements and recommendations are offered for simulation of ergatic distribution systems for trainers designed for operation personnel of power generation facilities. The article dwells upon the initial regulations of the power industry in the USSR that set forth the requirements for training and simulator systems.

Assessment of the Thermal Radiation Spread in Special Conditions

Increase of the requirements for the safety of hazardous production facilities stimulates the development and improvement of the methodological approaches to accidents consequences assessment on the main gas and other pipelines. Existing models for determining heat fluxes from radiating flame surfaces are focused on assessing damage under standard conditions when the epicenter of the accident is at the same altitude level with potential recipients and there are no barriers between them. In practice, special conditions are often implemented, in particular: fires on the pipelines located in the mountainous areas, safe passage of aircraft near the burning site, protection of objects from thermal radiation by installing impenetrable screens. Approaches are proposed related to assessing heat fluxes at the receiving sites located at different altitude levels with the fire source, as well as during accidents with ignition on the gas pipelines in the presence of screens protecting against thermal radiation. A parameter is introduced that describes the effect of the multilevel location of the source and the recipient on radiation — the coefficient of change in the thermal radiation flux from the side surface of a column-type fire in the absence of a wind, depending on the location height and distance in relation to the ground source of combustion of the site receiving the radiation. An expression is given for determining safe height of the flight of aircraft over a column-type fire in the range of flame heights from 50 to 850 m. Isolines of the fields of heat fluxes from the flame of a high-speed flat jet are calculated when the radiation is screened by a wall located at a normalized distance. The results obtained make it possible to predict the consequences of accidents on the main gas pipelines with gas ignition considering the relief, to assess the boundaries of safe corridors for flights of the aircraft near gas pipelines, and to efficiently develop means of protecting objects surrounding the main pipelines from thermal radiation from a flat torch.

Stress-strain state assessment capacitive apparatus taking into account impact piping for connectors

Capacitive equipment in oil refining and petrochemical processes belongs to one of the most significant and responsible groups of process equipment of hazardous production facilities. Having various purposes, an impressive part of the process vessels is operated at increased pressures and temperatures under conditions of corrosion-erosion wear. Therefore, capacitive equipment must meet all the necessary requirements in the field of reliability and industrial safety. Depending on the effect of various operational loads and other factors, the distribution of the stress-strain state of the equipment elements can vary according to various scenarios depending on the determining parameter of the technical state and the dominant damage mechanism. One such factor may be the loads on the nozzles from process pipelines. The geometry features and various operational parameters of the piping can have a significant effect on the formation of the stress-strain state of the vessel and the distribution of areas of concentration of increased stresses. In the future, defects of various levels may occur in these zones. In this regard, the work on the study of the stress-strain state of the vessel is relevant, taking into account the loads that pipelines from the process piping exert on the nozzles.

Administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety: theoretical and practical issues

The subject. The main issues of law enforcement activity on the application of administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for identified offenses in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that Russian legislation allows the resumption of activities after the expiration of the period of its suspension without eliminating violations of industrial safety.The methodology of research is logical analysis of Russian legislation, statistical data and judicial decisions concerning enforcement of administrative suspension of operations in Russia.The main results. There is an ambiguous approach in the scientific literature to fixing the administrative suspension of operations in the system of administrative penalties. The effectiveness of its application is noted by some authors. At the same time, there are adverse consequences associated with the application of administrative suspension of operations for the further production activities of economic entities. Social tension in the collective of enterprises, difficulties of recovery after forced downtime, unclear prospects for further economic activity – this is not a complete list of problems arising in connection with the administrative suspension of activity. When making a court decision, judges often appoint a fine as a penalty and rarely a penalty in the form of suspension of operations. This is due to the complexity of the actual realization of suspension of operations, the special social significance of objects; the lack of a specialist's conclusion about the real danger of an offense. But if violations of industrial safety are detected during the operation of hazardous production facilities, it is initially possible to assume a high probability of serious consequences for the life and health of people, the environmental safety. Administrative suspension of activities is carried out by both judicial and non-judicial control authorities. In authors’ opinion, the application of this type of administrative punishment should be exclusively in the judicial jurisdiction. The law enforcement judicial practice concerning administrative suspension of operations in Russia is not uniform.Conclusions. There is a legal uncertainty in the mechanism of imposing administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities (Article 9.1 of the Russian Code of Administrative Offences). The uncertainty is manifested in the fact that the economic entity does not always eliminate the detected violations within the legally established period and after the expiration of the period for which the activity was suspended, the company resumes its activities nevertheless. Such opportunity reduces the preventive value of this punishment.

Assessment of the Degree of Guilt of the Participants in an Industrial Incident at Hazardous Production Facilities of the Oil and Gas Complex

In the analyzed materials of industrial incidents investigations, there is an incomplete volume of the established facts of the incidence and the causes of its occurrence. Often, when establishing the causes of incidents, biased decisions are made to establish the degree of guilt of the injured person in case of his gross negligence (from 5 to 100 %). The reason for this is the lack of regulatory and methodological documents regulating the procedures for establishing the fact of gross negligence and assessing the degree of guilt of the injured person as a percentage in an industrial incident. All this leads to an increase in the court proceedings, causing moral and material harm to the injured persons. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of guilt of the injured person (insured) in case of his gross negligence based on of the equity principle of all the persons established by the commission for the investigation of an industrial incident in violation of the occupational safety requirements. The methodology is based on the methods of expert, point estimates and methods of incident analysis. Using this methodology, based on the materials of the investigation of a serious personal injury — the fall from the height that occurred with the driver of the tanker as a result of slipping on the slippery surface without the use of personal protective equipment, the main and related reasons of the incident were identified, the degree of guilt of the injured person and other participants of the event was established as a percentage. The developed methodology is aimed at the implementation of Article 229.2 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, makes it possible to bring clarity and transparency into the procedure for establishing the degree of guilt of the injured person (insured). The methodology will be useful for specialists in the field of occupational and industrial safety, state labor inspectors, insurers, representatives of the trade union organizations, i.e. all those who are directly involved in the commission for the investigation of industrial incidents.

Probability assessment of tightness loss pressure vessels during risk analysis technical devices for hazardous production facilities

Thick-walled high-pressure vessels are a fairly common type of technical device as part of technological equipment operated at various hazardous production facilities. Reliability indicators of pressure vessels and their change during operation largely determine the indicators of failure-free operation of technological equipment as a whole, and potential failures of pressure vessels are subject to consideration when conducting a risk analysis of the operating equipment. The article discusses probabilistic and statistical approaches to solving the problem of predicting the resource of pressure vessels with fatigue failure of the neck at the design and operation stages. For the design stage, a technique is presented for modeling the processes of nucleation and development of a high-cycle fatigue crack, as well as a technique for determining the type of law and quantitative indicators of the distribution of the resource of a pressure vessel by the condition of loss tightness. For the operation stage, a method is presented for predicting the further growth of a diagnosed fatigue crack, as well as a method for determining the type of law and quantitative indicators of the distribution of the residual life of a pressure vessel by the condition of loss tightness.

Slinger Personal Protection System at Load-Lifting Mechanism Operation Employing Radio-Frequency Identification Devices

The rapid implementation of information technologies into all strata of the civil society activities has already significantly modified lives of every citizen, including production processes. The usual practice is using electronic safety devices in the technical units, including hoisting cranes. The consumer market offers remote control systems for equipment; continuous video surveillance over workflows is widely employed. Unmanned productions and unmanned technologies are being implemented, which is especially relevant at operation of potentially harmful and hazardous units. However, for a human actively participating in workflows, control and maintenance of technical devices, his/her safety during fulfillment of working functions is still a matter of great importance. In Russia, the requirements to production employees safety are determined by legislative and regulatory documents in the sphere of labor protection. Special rules of industrial safety are applied to hazardous production facilities. An important aspect of slinger protection against hazardous and harmful factors of production during operation of a hoisting crane as well as observing production discipline is using personal protection equipment and special working clothes. The constant monitoring of safety requirements in order to ensure their implementation in the real-time mode via the RFID-tags integrated into the elements of personal protection equipment and special working clothes is substantiated. The information on slinger location and availability of the required protection equipment within the hazardous zone of hoisting crane operation received to a mobile device of a person responsible for safe operation enables control of the situation, prevention of adverse events and minimization of risk of injury.