scholarly journals Compatibility of a Silicone Impression/Adhesive System to FDM-Printed Tray Materials—A Laboratory Peel-off Study

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen Xu ◽  
Alexey Unkovskiy ◽  
Felix Klaue ◽  
Frank Rupp ◽  
Juergen Geis-Gerstorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Aided Design

Computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing (AM) have shown promise in facilitating the fabrication of custom trays. Due to the clinical requirements, custom tray materials should achieve good bonding to the impression/adhesive systems. This study evaluated the retention of three fused deposition modeling (FDM) custom tray materials to a silicone impression/adhesive system before and after gritblasting (GB) by peel-off test. CAD-designed experimental test blocks were printed by FDM using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolyester (PETG), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and the reference test blocks were made of a conventional light-curing resin (n = 11). Before and after GB, the surface topography of all tray materials was analysed, and the maximum strength of the test block peeled off from a silicone impression/adhesive system was measured. After GB, the arithmetic mean height (Sa) and the valley fluid retention index (Svi) of the four material groups declined (p < 0.05). The peel-off strength of each of the four material groups significantly decreased by GB (p < 0.05), but no statistical difference could be found among them before or after GB. In all peel-off tests, adhesive failure occurred at the adhesive-impression material interface. The results indicated ABS, HIPS, and PETG could provide sufficient adhesion to the adhesive as the conventional light-curing resin, and GB could reduce the roughness generated by FDM and weaken the bonding between the adhesive and the silicone impression.

scholarly journals Desain dan Pembuatan Prototype Piston Honda MEGAPRO FI Menggunakan 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Frince Marbun ◽  
Richard A.M. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

3D printing technology has great potential in today's manufacturing world, one of its uses is in making miniatures or prototypes of a product such as a piston. One of the most famous and inexpensive 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technologies is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the principle FDM works by thermoplastic extrusion through a hot nozzle at melting temperature then the product is made layer by layer. The two most commonly used materials are ABS and PLA so it is very important to know the accuracy of product dimensions. FDM 3D Printing Technology is able to make duplicate products accurately using PLA material. FDM machines work by printing parts that have been designed by computer-aided design (CAD) and then exported in the form of STL or .stl files and uploaded to the slicer program to govern the printing press according to the design. Using Anet A8 brand 3D printing tools that are available to the public, Slicing of general CAD geometry files such as autocad and solidwork is the basis for making this object. This software is very important to facilitate the design process to be printed. Some examples of software that can be downloaded and used free of charge such as Repetier-Host and Cura. by changing the parameters in the slicer software is very influential in the 3D printing manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Designing Thin 2.5D Parts Optimized for Fused Deposition Modeling

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Novak ◽  
Mark Zer-Ern Liu ◽  
Jennifer Loy
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Reference Graph

This chapter builds new knowledge for design engineers adopting fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology as an end manufacturing process, rather than simply as a prototyping process. Based on research into 2.5D printing and its use in real-world additive manufacturing situations, a study featuring 111 test pieces across the range of 0.4-4.0mm in thickness were analyzed in increments of 0.1mm to understand how these attributes affect the quality and print time of the parts and isolate specific dimensions which are optimized for the FDM process. The results revealed optimized zones where the outer wall, inner wall/s, and/or infill are produced as continuous extrusions significantly faster to print than thicknesses falling outside of optimized zones. As a result, a quick reference graph and several equations are presented based on fundamental FDM principles, allowing design engineers to implement optimized wall dimensions in computer-aided design (CAD) rather than leaving print optimization to technicians and manufacturers in the final process parameters.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Infill Patterns on Mechanical Properties in FDM Process

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Aided Design

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is commonly used to print different products with highly complex features. Process parameters for FDM are divided into controllable or uncontrollable parameters. The most critical ones are built orientation, layer thickness, infill pattern, infill density, and nozzle diameter. This study investigates the effects of combined infill patterns in 3D printed products. Five patterns (solid, honeycomb, wiggle, grid, and rectilinear) were combined in samples to analyze their effects on mechanical properties for tensile strength analysis. Polylactic acid (PLA) samples were printed in different build orientations through two directions: flat and on-edge. The limitation was that the software and machine could not combine the infill patterns. Thus, the patterns were designed and assembled in computer aided design (CAD) software. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the patterns’ features and results showed honeycomb and grid have the highest strength while their weights were lighter compared to solid. Moreover, 0° samples in both flat and on-edge direction had the strongest layer adhesion and the best quality. In contrast, perpendicular samples like 60° and 75° showed poor adhesion and were the weakest specimens in both flat and on-edge, respectively. In brief, by increasing the build orientation, the strength decreases in this study.

Modeling Machine Motion and Process Parameter Errors for Improving Dimensional Accuracy of Fused Deposition Modeling Machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Lyu ◽  
Souran Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Error Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Integrated Error

The dimensional accuracy of fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines is dependent on errors caused by processing parameters and machine motions. In this study, an integrated error model combining these effects is developed. Extruder temperature, layer thickness, and infill density are selected as parameters of this study for three FDM machines, namely, Flashforge Finder, Ultimaker 2 go, and XYZ da Vinci 2.0 Duo. Experiments have been conducted using Taguchi method and the interactions between processing parameters are analyzed. Based on the dimensional deviations between fabricated parts and the computer aided design (CAD) geometry, a set of coefficients for the integrated error model are calculated to characterize each machine. Based on the results of the integrated error model, the original CAD geometry is optimized for fabrication accuracy on each machine. New parts are fabricated using the optimized CAD geometries. Through comparing the dimensional deviations of parts fabricated before and after optimization, the effectiveness of the integrated error model is analyzed and demonstrated for the three FDM machines.

scholarly journals From materials to devices using fused deposition modeling: A state-of-art review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1594-1609
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Zongxing Wang ◽  
Junru Li ◽  
Xinlin Li ◽  
Lianjun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resolution Improvement ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Fused deposition modeling (FDM) uses computer-aided design to direct a 3D printer to build successful layers of product from polymeric materials to generate 3D devices. Many reviews have been reported recently on the cutting-edge FDM technology from different perspectives. However, few studies have delved into the advances in FDM technology from materials to 3D devices. Therefore, in this work, with a bottom-up approach from materials (including commodities and nanomaterials) to printing process (including effort for fast printing, effort for resolution improvement, and simulations) and from printing process to 3D devices (including biomedical implants, topological structures, and multifunctional devices), it aims at reviewing the FDM technology developed over the past decades.

scholarly journals Some Investigations on Geometric Conformity Analysis of a 3-D Freeform Objects Produced by Rapid Prototyping (FDM) Process

2012 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
V. Vinod Kumar ◽  
G. R. N. Tagore ◽  
A. Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Geometric Deviation ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Computer Aided Inspection

Rapid prototyping technology is widely used to fabricate 3-D objects with all features of a design using Computer Aided Design (CAD) model. The final fabricated object with rapid prototyping technique has to be evaluated regarding the extent of its closeness to CAD model. Geometric conformity analysis has to be used in determining a measure of the geometric deviation between designed and fabricated 3-D models. In this paper evaluation technique is used to provide an aggregate measure of overall geometric deviation between designed free formed surface and its fabricated geometries using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. This approach is typically utilized for large or more complex assemblies such as vehicle interiors and exteriors and full scale aircraft etc. Computer Aided Inspection with CMM aims at development of suitable methodology so as to convert data obtained from CMM to convenient formats to measure dimensional and form errors of freeform surface objects. The present work used in additive manufacturing with the newer methodology of inspecting in rapid product development also.

scholarly journals Investigating the adhesive properties of polymers for 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012106
Author(s):  
L E Vendland ◽  
V V Volkov-Muzylev ◽  
A N Demidov ◽  
A S Pugachuk
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The article presents the research of adhesive properties of various polymers used in additive manufacturing by fused deposition modeling. Tensile tests of additively manufactured samples of various polymers are carried out, electro-microscopic photographs of the working area are taken before and after tests, and studies on the manufacturability of printing are performed to exclude further typical errors identified during these tests. Samples of the following polymers are studied: thermoplastic resin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS +), thermoplastic resin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with the addition of titanium nitrite as a dye (ABS + TiN), thermoplastic resin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with the addition of polyester inserts (ABS polylactide (PLA), polylactide based compound (PLA HP), thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and nylon with carbon inserts (NSC). The work reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the investigated plastics. For example, deformations occur when the part is cooled down during printing process of ABS +, and a crack could form in stress concentrators as a result of the influence of cold air flows.

Hybrid metal/thermoplastic composites for FDM-type additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Andrade Chávez ◽  
Paulina A Quiñonez ◽  
David A Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Hybrid material systems, where two materials with similar melting temperatures are combined to form a new compound, represent a possible avenue to expand the materials palette available for 3-D printing platforms such as fused deposition modeling (FDM™). In general, the morphology of filler materials in thermoplastic composites is unchanged before and after combining with a polymer matrix. However, the processing of hybrid material systems in FDM™-type processing allows for the possibility of manipulating the morphology of the filler material. The work presented here demonstrates the development of three different hybrid (polymer–metal) blends for 3-D printing platforms based on FDM™ technology. Tin-bismuth (SnBi) alloy powder was combined with three thermoplastic materials: (1) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), (2) polylactic acid, and (3) a polymer blend composed of ABS and styrene ethylene butylene styrene containing a maleic anhydride graft (SEBS-g-MA). A notable feature observed through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was the drawing of the spherical SnBi particles into wires, leading to an in situ reinforcement. The efficacy of a silane functionalization process was also noted, though the material processing temperatures were well above the melting temperature of the SnBi particles.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Structural and Conductive Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Podsiadły ◽  
Piotr Matuszewski ◽  
Andrzej Skalski ◽  
Marcin Słoma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Structural Electronics ◽  
Measured Sample ◽  
Deposition Modeling

In this publication, we describe the process of fabrication and the analysis of the properties of nanocomposite filaments based on carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Polymer granulate was mixed and extruded with a filling fraction of 0.99, 1.96, 4.76, 9.09 wt.% of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) to fabricate composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Detailed mechanical and electrical investigations of printed test samples were performed. The results demonstrate that CNT content has a significant influence on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of printed samples. Printed samples obtained from high CNT content composites exhibited an improvement in the tensile strength by 12.6%. Measurements of nanocomposites’ electrical properties exhibited non-linear relation between the supply voltage and measured sample resistivity. This effect can be attributed to the semiconductor nature of the CNT functional phase and the occurrence of a tunnelling effect in percolation network. Detailed I–V characteristics related to the amount of CNTs in the composite and the supply voltage influence are also presented. At a constant voltage value, the average resistivity of the printed elements is 2.5 Ωm for 4.76 wt.% CNT and 0.15 Ωm for 9.09 wt.% CNT, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABS/CNT composites are a promising functional material for FDM additive fabrication of structural elements, but also structural electronics and sensors.

Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ján Milde ◽  
František Jurina ◽  
Jozef Peterka ◽  
Patrik Dobrovszký ◽  
Jakub Hrbál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Part Orientation

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

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