scholarly journals Research of the Effectiveness of Selected Methods of Reducing Toxic Exhaust Emissions of Marine Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The article’s applications are very important, as it is only a dozen or so years since the current issues of protection of the atmosphere against emissions of toxic compounds from ships. The issue was discussed against the background of binding legal norms, including rules introduced by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) in the context of the MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), Annex VI, with the main goal to significantly strengthen the emission limits in light of technological improvements. Taking these standards into account, effective methods should be implemented to reduce toxic compounds’ emissions to the atmosphere, including nitrogen oxides NOx and carbon dioxide CO2. The purpose of the article was, based on the results of our own research, to indicate the impact of the effectiveness of selected methods on reducing the level of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emitted by the marine engine. The laboratory tests were carried out with the use of the one-cylinder two stroke, crosshead supercharged diesel engine. Methods of reducing their emissions in the study were adopted, including supplying the engine with fuel mixtures of marine diesel oil (MDO) and rapeseed oil ester (RME)-(MDO/RME mixtures) and changing the fuel injection parameters and the advance angles of fuel injection. The supply of the engine during the tests and the mixtures of marine diesel oil (MDO) and rape oil esters (RMEs) caused a clear drop in emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, particularly for a higher engine load, as has been shown. The decrease of the injection advance angle unambiguously makes the NOx content in exhaust gas lower.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter from Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Emulsified MDO, and Dimethyl Ether Fuels in Auxiliary Marine Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Jinkyu Park ◽  
Iksoo Choi ◽  
Jungmo Oh ◽  
Changhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Emulsified Fuel ◽  
Marine Vehicles ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Chamber Temperature

Exhaust gases from ships and automobiles have a significant impact on people and the environment. As a result, diesel engines used in land and marine vehicles are gradually being restricted, and low-carbon engines are under development. This study considers marine diesel oil (MDO) that is used in ships to meet the emission regulations required by the International Maritime Organization. This investigation explores the method and application technology for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter using emulsified fuel and mass-produced dimethyl ether (DME) fuel, which are analyzed. When comparing emulsified fuel and DME fuel to MDO, which is a ship oil, NOx are reduced by 20–45% and the particulate matter is reduced by 60–97%. When emulsified fuel containing moisture is used, the combustion chamber temperature is lowered due to the optimal expansion by moisture contained in the fuel. The particulate matter is also reduced. When DME fuel is used, it reduces the particulate matter by more than 97% in comparison with the existing MDO fuel and the emulsified fuel. The conditions are believed to be suitable for combustion and they can be satisfied by supplying oxygen during post-combustion.

scholarly journals Exergetic analysis of the transcritical cycle of an bottle cooler operating with CO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Igor Marcel Gomes Almeida ◽  
Cleiton Rubens Formiga Barbosa ◽  
Francisco De Assis Oliveira Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Expansion Valve ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Natural Refrigerant ◽  
The Impact

The second law of thermodynamics deals with the quality of energy. More specifically, it is concerned with the degradation of energy during a process, the entropy generation, and the lost opportunities to do work; and it offers plenty of room for improvement. This paper aims to identify key factors that affect refrigeration system performance with CO2. Due to the impact of global warming of CFC´s and HFC's, the use of natural refrigerants has received worldwide attention. The natural refrigerant, carbon dioxide (CO2/R744) is promising for use in cooling systems, especially in the transcritical cycle. An exergetic analysis through the cycle of a bottle cooller (exposer) adapted for commercial use with carbon dioxide was carried out so that the effectiveness of the system components can be estimated and classified, allowing direct efforts to improve performance of components to the transcritical cycle. The analysis revealed that the compressor and expansion valve are the largest sources of losses in the system, and therefore, efforts should focus on improving these components.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TERNARY FUEL BLENDS ON AN ASTM-CFR-CETANE ENGINE

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
H. L. Rocha ◽  
N. R. Pinto ◽  
M. J. Colaço ◽  
A. J. K. Leiroz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Anhydrous Ethanol ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol ◽  
The Impact

This work analyses how ternary blends of biodiesel, anhydrous and hydrous ethanol, and diesel, in different proportions, behave regarding fuel emissions and combustion parameters. The determination of their cetane number, using an ASTM-CFR cetane research engine is also investigated. The base fuels used were 99,9% pure anhydrous ethanol, commercial diesel, which contains 5% of biodiesel in volume, biodiesel from soybean oil, and hydrous ethanol with 7% of water, in volume. The fuel blends werespecified after a careful bibliography research. Five volume fractions of biodiesel (5, 10, 20, 60 and 100%, in volume) and four of ethanol (0, 5, 8 and 15%, also in volume) were used in this study. All blends have endured a mixture stability test prior to being burned, the ones with clear visual phase separation being eventually rejected. The results for the cetane number presented a clear decrease in its value as ethanol was added. Some blends with high ethanol content failed to provide the minimum cetane number for use in compression ignition engines according to the present Brazilian regulations. Concerning the emissions tests, carbon dioxide emissions showed a decreasing trend as the quantity of added ethanol raised. Carbon monoxide emissions, however, showed the opposite trend. The nitrogen oxides emissions presented an increase as more biodiesel was added to the blend. The conclusions as to the impact of changing ethanol’s volume in the blends were discussed taking in consideration important operational remarks. A final analysis was proposed in order to compare anhydrous and hydrous ethanol. A clear reduction in nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions was observed, with an almost identical value for the carbon monoxide emissions. Cetane number for the hydrous ethanol blend, however, suffered a decrease compared to the same blend with anhydrous ethanol.

scholarly journals The Effects of Biodiesel on NOx Emissions for Automotive Transport

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. B59-B66
Author(s):  
Ruslana Kolodnytska ◽  
Oleksandr Kravchenko ◽  
Juraj Gerlici ◽  
Kateryna Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
The Impact

Automobiles with internal combustion engine using diesel fuel have large harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot, which affect the health of the population and especially children and carbon dioxide, which is dangerous for the planet as a whole. Biodiesel is used in Europe as an additive to diesel fuel to reduce soot emissions (including carcinogens), as well as to improve the balance of carbon dioxide on the planet. Using the biodiesel in internal combustion engines tends to show higher nitrogen oxides emissions compared to diesel. In this paper, the impact of flame temperature, ignition delay and density on NOx formation of biodiesel and its component for both stationary engine and automotive engine were analysed. Emissions of nitrogen oxides increase with increasing load. In no-load modes, biodiesel shows lower emissions of nitrogen oxides than diesel.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestered Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal ◽  
◽  
Zarina Itam ◽  
Yuovendra Sivaganese ◽  
Norizham Abdul Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Mineral Trapping ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Carbon dioxide, CO2 accounts for most of the emission from all the types of greenhouse gasses in the world. The ability of CO2 to remain longer than other greenhouse gases and the convenience of producing CO2 has resulted in its high projection in a yearly manner. The prime factor for the emission of CO2 are from the actions of human beings. One such human act is the concrete industry. Total emissions from the concrete industry could therefore contribute as much as 8% of global CO2 emissions. Sequestered CO2 in concrete can provide an impact on reducing the carbon footprint and is also able to improve the compressive strength of concrete. During this process, the sequestered carbon dioxide chemically reacts with cement to produce a mineral, trapping carbon dioxide gas in the concrete. Hence, sequestering carbon dioxide gas in concrete does not only on a bigger scale reduces carbon footprint, but it also reduces the impact the construction industry has on the environment. This paper presents a detailed review on the chemical reaction that takes place during the sequestration of carbon dioxide and the research published on the effects of carbon dioxide sequestered concrete on its properties. The impact this process has on the concrete industry and the environment is discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals A study of hydrogen fuel impact on compression ignition engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni Dimitrov ◽  
Boyko Gigov ◽  
Spas Pantchev ◽  
Philip Michaylov ◽  
Mihail Peychev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a dual-fuel compression ignition engine test bench is presented. In hydrogen-diesel fuel co-combustion conditions, the engine parameters are determined – performance: effective torque, effective power and mean effective pressure; fuel economy: fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption; toxicity: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and smoke emissions (opacity). The impact of hydrogen-diesel fuel mass ratio on the performance, toxicity and economy of the engine is studied by obtaining a series of hydrogen-diesel fuel ratio variation characteristics at constant engine speed and load. Improvement of the economical parameters of the engine and reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust gases is detected under operation with hydrogen gas fuel. Significant reduction of the exhaust gases opacity is observed. It is not clear what the impact of the quantity of hydrogen, injected in the engine, on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases is.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Tourism on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Asean Five Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aulia Hapsari Juwita ◽  
Suryanto Suryanto ◽  
Bhimo Rizky Samudro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is the international tourism have impact on economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionsin ASEAN Five (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore) or not. There are increase in tourism receipts, GDP, and FDI as well as CO2 emissions approximately 9%, 5%, 4% and 26% respectively. They are always increasing, but is there any relation between international tourism, GDP and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research employs data from 1995 to 2018 to examine long-run equilibrium relationships between tourism, CO2, economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI). Panel analysis with unit root and cointegration test approachis utilized. This paper found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationships between each variable.The tourism receipt, FDI and CO2 emissions affect economic growth positively and statistically significant. In addition, economic growth affect CO2 emissions while tourism does not affect CO2 and FDI indicates a negative relationship on CO2 emissions. Finally, the paper reveals that international tourism receipt affect economic growth but does not affect CO2.

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