scholarly journals Exergetic analysis of the transcritical cycle of an bottle cooler operating with CO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Igor Marcel Gomes Almeida ◽  
Cleiton Rubens Formiga Barbosa ◽  
Francisco De Assis Oliveira Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Expansion Valve ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Natural Refrigerant ◽  
The Impact

The second law of thermodynamics deals with the quality of energy. More specifically, it is concerned with the degradation of energy during a process, the entropy generation, and the lost opportunities to do work; and it offers plenty of room for improvement. This paper aims to identify key factors that affect refrigeration system performance with CO2. Due to the impact of global warming of CFC´s and HFC's, the use of natural refrigerants has received worldwide attention. The natural refrigerant, carbon dioxide (CO2/R744) is promising for use in cooling systems, especially in the transcritical cycle. An exergetic analysis through the cycle of a bottle cooller (exposer) adapted for commercial use with carbon dioxide was carried out so that the effectiveness of the system components can be estimated and classified, allowing direct efforts to improve performance of components to the transcritical cycle. The analysis revealed that the compressor and expansion valve are the largest sources of losses in the system, and therefore, efforts should focus on improving these components.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tassahil Messas ◽  
Achraf Messas ◽  
George Kroumpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level I ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.

The impact on water quality of the high carbon dioxide contents of the groundwater in the area of Florina (N. Greece)

2011 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D’Alessandro ◽  
S. Bellomo ◽  
L. Brusca ◽  
S. Karakazanis ◽  
K. Kyriakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Sustainable Communities: Affordable Housing and Socio-economic Relations

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Maliene ◽  
Joseph Howe ◽  
Naglis Malys
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Existing Housing

Recent UK government objectives are focused on creating sustainable communities to improve quality of life. Housing is a key issue to consider in delivering healthy and attractive communities. In certain areas of housing, lack of supply and consequent problems of affordability have created persistent social and economic pressure. For sustainable communities, housing should be easily available, high-quality, economic, ecological, aesthetically designed and comfortable, thus better suiting the needs of a person. Moreover, the housing must be affordable according to the local and national situation. This article addresses the issue of sustainable communities from the perspectives of housing markets and socio-economics. The study focuses on key factors that are believed to contribute to the currently existing housing situation, assessing the impact of regulated socio-economics upon the sustainable housing and communities. The study also reviews past and current government initiatives and policies relevant to housing and regeneration in the UK. The article finishes with the interview-based study carried out in the Northwest with a reflection on the notion of the sustainable communities plan and its eight key components, the housing market and its dependence on the economic, the social and political environment and it offers recommendations for the further sustainable communities' development within the UK.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Hydrocarbon Composition of Natural Gas from GMS (Gas Metering Station) in PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Rostyanesia Rostyanesia ◽  
Salmahaminati Salmahaminati ◽  
Putri Dwinanda Vidya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
The Many ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Main Material

Natural gas of GMS (Gas Metering Station) is an important component that must be analyzed routinely in PT. Fertilizer Sriwidjaja because it is the main material used in addition to Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor in the manufacture of ammonia. The quality of natural gas will affect the ammonia and urea fertilizer product. The purpose of this research is to know the composition of hydrocarbons and to know the level of H2S gas in natural gas which is contained in GMS pipes. Determination of H2S levels was performed to find out the many catalysts used in the manufacture of ammonia gas.In determining the hydrocarbon composition, the first gas sample is taken using Stainless Steel Cylinder Tube. After the gas filled tube it was analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography) and  it will know the hydrocarbon composition of GMS. As for the determination of H2S level, the gas sample taken as much as 30 L through gas spreader and inserted into erlenmeyer with 10% Cd Acetate and NaOH. Subsequently, 1% PADAS (N, N-Dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine sulphate) and FeCl3 were added. After the solution changed to blue color then analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in 660 nm wavelength.The results obtained are nitrogen-containing natural gas and various hydrocarbon components: methane, hexane, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane with H2S 2,954 ppm with the largest composition of methane 85.89%. The results have been in accordance with the standards used in the Pusri Industry which apply the provision that the natural gas used should contain methane with concentrations greater than 70% 

scholarly journals High Carbon Dioxide Treatment Modulates Sugar Metabolism and Maintains the Quality of Fresh-Cut Pear Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4261
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Quan Ma ◽  
Tarun Belwal ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Wenxuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of 10% carbon dioxide (CO2) on the fruit quality and sugar metabolism of fresh-cut pear during storage. The results indicated that carbon dioxide treatment maintained fruit quality by delaying the decline of firmness and promoting the accumulation of total soluble solids (TSS). Moreover, carbon dioxide enhanced activities of sucrose synthase (SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). The activities of amylase, acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), SS-cleavage, fructokinase (FK), hexokinase (HK), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SDH), and NADP-SDH in CO2-treated fruit were inhibited. Expression levels of key genes were found to correspond with the related enzyme activities. As a result, the accumulation of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and sucrose were accelerated by CO2, which were 12.58%, 13.86%, 24.7%, and 13.9% higher than those of the control at the end of storage, respectively. The results showed that CO2 could maintain the quality of fresh-cut pears by regulating the conversion of various sugar components to enhance soluble sugars content.

scholarly journals The use of modern technologies in carbon dioxide monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Petr Komínek ◽  
Jan Weyr ◽  
Jiří Hirš
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Air Supply

Abstract Indoor environment has huge influence on person’s health and overall comfort. It is of great importance that we realize how essential indoor air quality is, considering we spend on average as much as 90% of our time indoors. There are many factors that affect indoor air quality: specifically, inside air temperature, relative humidity, and odors to name the most important factors. One of the key factors indicating indoor air quality is carbon dioxide (CO2) level. The CO2 levels, measured in prefab apartment buildings, indicates substantial indoor air quality issues. Therefore, a proper education of the occupants is of utmost importance. Also, great care should be directed towards technical and technological solutions that would ensure meeting the normative indoor environment criteria, especially indoor air CO2 levels. Thanks to the implementation of new emerging autonomous technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), monitoring in real-time is enhanced. An area where IoT plays a major role is in the monitoring of indoor environment. IoT technology (e.g. smart meters and sensors) provide awareness of information about the quality of indoor environment. There is a huge potential for influencing behaviour of the users. Through the web application, it is possible to educate people and ensure fresh air supply.

Colostomy irrigation (part 1): impact on quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Hayley Jones
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Colostomy Irrigation ◽  
Faecal Continence ◽  
Peristomal Skin ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Colostomy irrigation (CI) involves instillation of water via the stoma into the colon, where it stimulates peristalsis, causing expulsion of stool and water from the stoma. CI allows colostomates to regain controlled evacuation and faecal continence. A review of the literature suggests that CI is safe and can have a positive impact on key factors affecting quality of life, including flatus, odour and peristomal skin health. CI is also convenient in avoiding the need for frequent disposal of used appliances. All of this has also been shown to improve psychological wellbeing. However, use of CI in the UK remains relatively low. This first article considers the impact of CI on colostomates' quality of life, and the second will explore the barriers to uptake.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare and Meat Quality Assessment in Gas Stunning during Commercial Slaughter of Pigs Using Hypercapnic-Hypoxia (20% CO2 2% O2) Compared to Acute Hypercapnia (90% CO2 in Air)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Sophie Atkinson ◽  
Bo Algers ◽  
Joaquim Pallisera ◽  
Antonio Velarde ◽  
Pol Llonch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This study assessed aversion, stunning effectiveness, and product quality of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) mixtures used for stunning pigs. A total of 1852 slaughter pigs divided into two similar batches was assessed during routine slaughter in a Swedish commercial abattoir using either hypercapnic-hypoxia (20% CO2 and less than 2% O2; 20C2O) or hypercapnia (90% CO2; 90C) gas mixtures. Behavioral indicators of aversion and discomfort were recorded. After exposure, the stunning quality was assessed through brainstem reflexes. After slaughter, the pH and electric conductivity of carcasses were assessed to estimate the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork, and the presence of ecchymosis were inspected. Compared to 90C, pigs exposed to 20C2O showed a later (p < 0.05) onset of behaviors indicative of aversion, and a lower (p < 0.01) incidence of breathlessness. However, unconsciousness (i.e., losing posture) appeared earlier (p < 0.01) in 90C compared to 20C2O. In 90C, all (100%) pigs were adequately stunned, whereas in 20C2O a 7.4% of pigs showed signs of poor stunning, especially when oxygen concentrations were >2% (p < 0.001). The percentage of PSE carcasses was higher (p < 0.01) in 20C2O than 90C. In conclusion, compared to 90C, 20C2O reduced aversion and discomfort but showed lower stun effectiveness, especially when O2 was above 2%, and a slightly poorer pork quality.

Manufacturing excellence and its critical factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Ojha ◽  
Anil K. Vij ◽  
Prem Vrat
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Responsiveness ◽  
Global Presence ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the relationship dynamics amongst the key factors impacting the tier-I auto manufacturing domain which is currently under severe strain. It is an approach for improving the pace of the manufacturing excellence journey. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 20 key factors impacting the manufacturing sector have been identified from the literature review coupled with the inputs from the experienced industry and academic experts. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach has been adopted for the inter-relationship understanding and in stratifying the factors into drivers and independent clusters. The interpretation of the ISM results with respect to the current environment has also been carried out. Findings – Out of the 20 identified key factors, people- excellence related factors have been found to be the key drivers and global presence and visibility, operational cost reduction approach and customer responsiveness have a significant role to play in changing the pace of manufacturing excellence. Research limitations/implications – ISM framework does not incorporate the feedback concept and transition dynamics toward manufacturing excellence. These issues may be tested through System dynamics, which will help in identifying the cause and effect relationship between variables and model the transition toward manufacturing excellence. Practical implications – The manufacturing framework of 20 variables is a useful trigger to the strategic planners. The deep understanding of these variables in the current challenging environment is highly relevant and would facilitate the strategic industry leaders in their journey to excellence. Social implications – The manufacturing sector has been the growth engine for a nation's economy. If the manufacturing sector grows, the impact on the society will always be favorable as it results in greater degree of employment, better earning capacity and improved quality of life. Through this paper an attempt has been made to identify those key factors which could accelerate the manufacturing excellence pace and hence it is very relevant for the society at large. Originality/value – The paper provides some useful insight to manufacturing excellence framework and the application of ISM approach to it involving the experienced industry and academic experts.

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