scholarly journals Remote Density Measurements of Molten Salts via Neutron Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Long ◽  
S. Scott Parker ◽  
D. Travis Carver ◽  
J. Matt Jackson ◽  
Marisa J. Monreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Salt Systems

With an increased interest in the use of molten salts in both nuclear and non-nuclear systems, measuring important thermophysical properties of specific salt mixtures becomes critical in understanding salt performance and behavior. One of the more basic and significant thermophysical properties of a given salt system is density as a function of temperature. With this in mind, this work aims to present and layout a novel approach to measuring densities of molten salt systems using neutron radiography. This work was performed on Flight Path 5 at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In order to benchmark this initial work, three salt mixtures were measured, NaCl, LiCl (58.2 mol%) + KCl (41.8 mol%), and MgCl2 (32 mol%) + KCl (68 mol%). Resulting densities as a function of temperature for each sample from this work were then compared to previous works employing traditional techniques. Results from this work match well with previous literature values for all salt mixtures measured, establishing that neutron radiography is a viable technique to measure density as a function of temperature in molten salt systems. Finally, advantages of using neutron radiography over other methods are discussed and future work in improving this technique is covered.

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

scholarly journals Experiments with neutron induced neutron emission from U-235, Pu-239, and graphite

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Yaron Danon ◽  
Ezekiel Blain ◽  
Kumar Mohindroo ◽  
Matt Devlin ◽  
Keegan J.Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Beam ◽  
Neutron Emission ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Neutron Cross Section ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Neutron Time

A neutron induced neutron emission experiment was conducted as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). In this experiment, a sample was placed in a well collimated neutron beam and was surrounded by an array of 28 fast neutron detectors (EJ-309). The experiment was performed with a neutron flight path of 21.5 m from the source to the sample, and 1 m from the sample to the detectors. The neutron emission from the sample was measured as a function of neutron time of flight covering an incident energy range from 0.7- 20 MeV. The samples included U-235, Pu-239, carbon (graphite), and blanks that matched the encapsulation of the sample. The measured samples were constantly cycled in and out of the neutron beam. This type of experiment measures neutron emission from all reactions occurring in the sample such as fission and elastic and inelastic scattering. Similar to the methodology previously developed at RPI [1], the measurements were compared with detailed simulations of the experiment using different cross section evaluations for the sample. The observed differences can be attributed to the evaluated neutron cross section and angular distributions. The carbon sample was used as a reference to validate both the experiment and simulation methodology and showed good agreement between experiments and simulations. A review of the experimental setup, analysis methods, and some of the results will be presented.

The Soft Ion Model in Monte Carlo Simulation of Molten Salts

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
C. Margheritis ◽  
C. Sinistri
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Coulomb Energy ◽  
Numerical Application ◽  
Polarization Energy ◽  
Simple Evaluation ◽  
Salt Systems

Abstract This paper describes a method for a simple evaluation of the polarization energy in molten salt systems, by which it is possible to go, without heavy computational cost, from the rigid to the soft ion model. The method is based on the observation that, within the movements of single ions in the Monte Carlo chain, the deviation of the polarization energy is a linear function of the deviation of the Coulomb energy.An extended numerical application has been carried out for molten Lil at 800, 1200 and 1453 (b. p.) K. The parameters that are mostly affected by the used model are put into evidence.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Niobium-Hafnium Coatings in Molten Salts

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kuznetsov ◽  
Svetlana V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Limiting Current Density ◽  
Salt Systems

Graphite is widely used in technology because of its unique properties. A drawback of graphite is its low heat resistance in oxidizing atmospheres. To increase its heat resistance, Nb-Hf protective coatings were synthesized. Electrodeposition of niobium coatings on graphite with subsequent precise surface alloying of niobium with hafnium was studied. Electrochemical synthesis of Nb-Hf coatings from molten salt systems containing compounds of niobium and hafnium was used too. It was shown that Nb-Hf coatings with a planar growing front can be obtained if the concentration and therefore the limiting current density of the more electropositive component Nb is kept low. Nb-Hf coatings with a thickness of 20 - 30 μm have been obtained in this way from an NaCl-KCl-K2NbF7 (1 wt%)-K2HfF6 (10 wt%)-NaF (5 wt%) melt, above the limiting current density of niobium deposition.

Conductivities of Room Temperature Molten Salts Containing AlCl3, Measured by a Computerized Direct Current Method

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Hsu ◽  
Chao-Cheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Nium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Salt Systems

Abstract The conductivities of the binary room-temperature molten salt systems AlCl3-N-n-butylpyridinium chloride (BPC), AlCl3-l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and AlCl3-benzyltriethylammo-nium chloride (BTEAC) have been measured at different temperatures and compositions by a d.c. four-probes method. There is a maximum of the conductivity at 50 mol% AlCl3 in the AlCl3-BPC and AlCl3-EMIC systems at 40 to 80 °C, their activation energies being relatively low (20.79 and 14.76 kJ/mol, respec­ tively). As to the A1C13-BTEAC system, there is an irregular change in the conductivity at 40-70 mol% AlCl3 in the temperature range 50 to 80 °C. The conductivities of the three RTMS are in the order AlCl3-EMIC > AlCl3-BPC > AlCl3-BTEAC, the reason being discussed.

Molten salt mixtures. XI. Integral and partial molar volumes in the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, PbCl2 + CsCl, CdCl2 + RbCl, and CdCl2 + CsCl

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
PWD Boyd ◽  
JL Laver ◽  
J Wong
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Salt Systems

The densities of molten PbCl2, CsCl, and RbCl and of the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, PbCl2 + CsCl, CdCl2 + RbCl, and CdCl, + CsCl have been measured to an accuracy of �0.1% by an Archimedean method over a considerable temperature range. Integral and partial molar volume isotherms have been constructed for the above binary systems and are interpreted to show that complex ions are formed in all but the PbCl2+NaCl system.

Molten salt mixtures. X. The thermochemistry of the binary molten salt systems CdCl2+PbCl2, CdCl2+NaCl, CdCl2+KCI, PbCl2+NaCl, PbCl2-KCl, and CdI2+KI

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
SB Tricklebank
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Solution Calorimeter ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
The Enthalpy Of Formation

The enthalpy change on cooling molten and solid salts and their mixtures from temperatures as high as 850� down to 26.9� has been measured by means of a Bunsen-type fusion calorimeter. The enthalpy of formation of solid mixtures has also been measured using a water solution calorimeter. From the combined results, heats of mixing have been determined for the molten salt systems investigated. In each system, with the exception of CdCl2 + PbCl2, the process of mixing is exothermic and the relative magnitude of the results can be explained by the formation of complex ions in the systems CdC12 +NaCl, CdCl2 +KCl, PbCl2 +KCl, and CdI2 +KI. Complex ions have not been detected in the other systems.

Protein crystallography with spallation neutrons: the user facility at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Langan ◽  
Gayle Greene ◽  
Benno P. Schoenborn
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Protein Crystallography ◽  
Spallation Neutron Source ◽  
Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Neutron Protein Crystallography ◽  
Spallation Neutrons

In this report a neutron protein crystallography station (PCS) is described that has been built at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the study of proteins using the wavelength-resolved Laue technique. This user facility is the first of its kind to be built at a spallation neutron source and the first to use the wavelength-resolved Laue technique.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document