scholarly journals Strategies to Tune Electrospun Scaffold Porosity for Effective Cell Response in Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer ◽  
PR ◽  
Kasoju
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Electrospun Scaffold ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Pore Properties ◽  
Matrices For Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering aims to develop artificial human tissues by culturing cells on a scaffold in the presence of biochemical cues. Properties of scaffold such as architecture and composition highly influence the overall cell response. Electrospinning has emerged as one of the most affordable, versatile, and successful approaches to develop nonwoven nano/microscale fibrous scaffolds whose structural features resemble that of the native extracellular matrix. However, dense packing of the fibers leads to small-sized pores which obstruct cell infiltration and therefore is a major limitation for their use in tissue engineering applications. To this end, a variety of approaches have been investigated to enhance the pore properties of the electrospun scaffolds. In this review, we collect state-of-the-art modification methods and summarize them into six classes as follows: approaches focused on optimization of packing density by (a) conventional setup, (b) sequential or co-electrospinning setups, (c) involving sacrificial elements, (d) using special collectors, (e) post-production processing, and (f) other specialized methods. Overall, this review covers historical as well as latest methodologies in the field and therefore acts as a quick reference for those interested in electrospinning matrices for tissue engineering and beyond.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Topography of 3D Spongy-Like Electrospun Bundled Fibrous Scaffold via a Sharply Inclined Array Collector

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Cho ◽  
Jeong In Kim ◽  
Cheol Sang Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
In Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Directional Change

To date, many researchers have studied a considerable number of three-dimensional (3D) cotton-like electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering, including the generation of bone, cartilage, and skin tissue. Although numerous 3D electrospun fibrous matrixes have been successfully developed, additional research is needed to produce 3D patterned and sophisticated structures. The development of 3D fibrous matrixes with patterned and sophisticated structures (FM-PSS) capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for advancing tissue engineering. Because modulating nano to microscale features of the 3D fibrous scaffold to control the ambient microenvironment of target tissue cells can play a pivotal role in inducing tissue morphogenesis after transplantation in a living system. To achieve this objective, the 3D FM-PSSs were successfully generated by the electrospinning using a directional change of the sharply inclined array collector. The 3D FM-PSSs overcome the current limitations of conventional electrospun cotton-type 3D matrixes of random fibers.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Evaluation of Electrospun, 3D-Bioplotted, and Combination of Electrospun/3D-Bioplotted Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana F. Mellor ◽  
Pedro Huebner ◽  
Shaobo Cai ◽  
Mahsa Mohiti-Asli ◽  
Michael A. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrospun Scaffold ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissues

Electrospun scaffolds provide a dense framework of nanofibers with pore sizes and fiber diameters that closely resemble the architecture of native extracellular matrix. However, it generates limited three-dimensional structures of relevant physiological thicknesses. 3D printing allows digitally controlled fabrication of three-dimensional single/multimaterial constructs with precisely ordered fiber and pore architecture in a single build. However, this approach generally lacks the ability to achieve submicron resolution features to mimic native tissue. The goal of this study was to fabricate and evaluate 3D printed, electrospun, and combination of 3D printed/electrospun scaffolds to mimic the native architecture of heterogeneous tissue. We assessed their ability to support viability and proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASC). Cells had increased proliferation and high viability over 21 days on all scaffolds. We further tested implantation of stacked-electrospun scaffold versus combined electrospun/3D scaffold on a cadaveric pig knee model and found that stacked-electrospun scaffold easily delaminated during implantation while the combined scaffold was easier to implant. Our approach combining these two commonly used scaffold fabrication technologies allows for the creation of a scaffold with more close resemblance to heterogeneous tissue architecture, holding great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications of osteochondral tissue and other heterogeneous tissues.

State of the art and future direction of additive manufactured scaffolds-based bone tissue engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tarik Arafat ◽  
Ian Gibson ◽  
Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Future Direction

Purpose – This paper aims to review the advances in additive manufactured (AM) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (TE). A discussion on the state of the art and future trends of bone TE scaffolds have been done in terms of design, material and different AM technologies. Design/methodology/approach – Different structural features and materials used for bone TE scaffolds are evaluated along with the discussion on the potential and limitations of different AM scaffolds. The latest research to improve the biocompatibility of the AM scaffolds is also discussed. Findings – The discussion gives a clear understanding on the recent research trend in bone TE AM scaffolds. Originality/value – The information available here would be useful for the researchers working on AM scaffolds to get a quick overview on the recent research trends and/or future direction to work on AM bone TE scaffolds.

scholarly journals Engineered tissue grafts: A new class of biomaterials for medical use

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
New Class ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Tissue Grafts

Recent advances in the stem cell biology, the biomaterials science, and the design of the tissue culture bioreactors, help us address the growing need to find replacements for lost and worn-out human tissues and organs in an entirely new way. Biological equivalents of native tissues are grown in a laboratory using tissue engineering techniques and investigated for their functionality, both in vitro and in animal models. We briefly review the key principles for engineering these advanced, native-like biomaterials capable to take over the lost function of our tissues. We also provide an example of the state of the art approach to the tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Biofabrication of Electrospun Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Tendons and Ligaments

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sensini ◽  
Luca Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Nanometric Size ◽  
Ligament Tissue Engineering

Tendon and ligament tissue regeneration and replacement are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology, and non-linear mechanical properties. Moreover, to guide the cells’ proliferation and tissue re-growth, scaffolds must provide a fibrous texture mimicking the typical of the arrangement of the collagen in the extracellular matrix of these tissues. Among the different techniques to produce scaffolds, electrospinning is one of the most promising, thanks to its ability to produce fibers of nanometric size. This manuscript aims to provide an overview to researchers approaching the field of repair and regeneration of tendons and ligaments. To clarify the general requirements of electrospun scaffolds, the first part of this manuscript presents a general overview concerning tendons’ and ligaments’ structure and mechanical properties. The different types of polymers, blends and particles most frequently used for tendon and ligament tissue engineering are summarized. Furthermore, the focus of the review is on describing the different possible electrospinning setups and processes to obtain different nanofibrous structures, such as mats, bundles, yarns and more complex hierarchical assemblies. Finally, an overview concerning how these technologies are exploited to produce electrospun scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue applications is reported together with the main findings and outcomes.

scholarly journals A review of electrospinning manipulation techniques to direct fiber deposition and maximize pore size

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Feltz ◽  
Emily A. Growney Kalaf ◽  
Chengpeng Chen ◽  
R. Scott Martin ◽  
Scott A. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Fiber Deposition ◽  
Medicine Community ◽  
Field Manipulation

Abstract Electrospinning has been widely accepted for several decades by the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine community as a technique for nanofiber production. Owing to the inherent flexibility of the electrospinning process, a number of techniques can be easily implemented to control fiber deposition (i.e. electric/ magnetic field manipulation, use of alternating current, or air-based fiber focusing) and/or porosity (i.e. air impedance, sacrificial porogen/sacrificial fiber incorporation, cryo-electrospinning, or alternative techniques). The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the recent work using these techniques to create electrospun scaffolds appropriate for mimicking the structure of the native extracellular matrix, and to enhance the applicability of advanced electrospinning techniques in the field of tissue engineering.

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