scholarly journals Engineered tissue grafts: A new class of biomaterials for medical use

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
New Class ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Tissue Grafts

Recent advances in the stem cell biology, the biomaterials science, and the design of the tissue culture bioreactors, help us address the growing need to find replacements for lost and worn-out human tissues and organs in an entirely new way. Biological equivalents of native tissues are grown in a laboratory using tissue engineering techniques and investigated for their functionality, both in vitro and in animal models. We briefly review the key principles for engineering these advanced, native-like biomaterials capable to take over the lost function of our tissues. We also provide an example of the state of the art approach to the tissue engineering.

Preclinical Challenges and Clinical Target of Nanomaterials in Regenerative Medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 1402-1423
Author(s):  
Martin Reinhardt ◽  
Shibashish Giri ◽  
Augustinus Bader
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Organ Engineering ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Present Generation

Currently, practical application of nanotechnological approaches and stem cell therapies remains a challenge in both preclinical and clinical settings. Many existing problems in tissue engineering to organ engineering have been solved by the combined approaches of nanotechnology and stem cell biology, but significant barriers remain. Details about the role of various types of nanomaterial in preclinical and clinical research have been reviewed elsewhere, but scant information exists about the influence of nanomaterials on stem cell biology. Herein, the authors highlight the current advances of nanotechnological approaches for expansion, differentiations, harvesting, labeling, imagining, tissue engineering, and organ engineering of different types of stem cells. The preclinical outcome of in vitro and in vivo animal experimentations along with some examples of clinical outcomes of nanomaterials on stem cell research is the main focus of this chapter. This book chapter might be an impetus for the present generation of young scientists to revolutionize the coming generation of effective human healthcare.

scholarly journals Cell and tissue engineering for liver disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (245) ◽  
pp. 245sr2-245sr2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta N. Bhatia ◽  
Gregory H. Underhill ◽  
Kenneth S. Zaret ◽  
Ira J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
And Function

Despite the tremendous hurdles presented by the complexity of the liver’s structure and function, advances in liver physiology, stem cell biology and reprogramming, and the engineering of tissues and devices are accelerating the development of cell-based therapies for treating liver disease and liver failure. This State of the Art Review discusses both the near- and long-term prospects for such cell-based therapies and the unique challenges for clinical translation.

Preclinical Challenges and Clinical Target of Nanomaterials in Regenerative Medicine

2015 ◽  
pp. 350-371
Author(s):  
Martin Reinhardt ◽  
Shibashish Giri ◽  
Augustinus Bader
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Organ Engineering ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Present Generation

Currently, practical application of nanotechnological approaches and stem cell therapies remains a challenge in both preclinical and clinical settings. Many existing problems in tissue engineering to organ engineering have been solved by the combined approaches of nanotechnology and stem cell biology, but significant barriers remain. Details about the role of various types of nanomaterial in preclinical and clinical research have been reviewed elsewhere, but scant information exists about the influence of nanomaterials on stem cell biology. Herein, the authors highlight the current advances of nanotechnological approaches for expansion, differentiations, harvesting, labeling, imagining, tissue engineering, and organ engineering of different types of stem cells. The preclinical outcome of in vitro and in vivo animal experimentations along with some examples of clinical outcomes of nanomaterials on stem cell research is the main focus of this chapter. This book chapter might be an impetus for the present generation of young scientists to revolutionize the coming generation of effective human healthcare.

scholarly journals Natural Architectures for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Floris Honig ◽  
Steven Vermeulen ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
Jan de Boer ◽  
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Biomaterials

The ability to control the interactions between functional biomaterials and biological systems is of great importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms defining the interplay between biomaterial properties and the human body are complex. Therefore, a key challenge is to design biomaterials that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Over millions of years, nature has produced a wide variety of biological materials optimised for distinct functions, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) for structural and biochemical support of cells to the holy lotus with special wettability for self-cleaning effects. Many of these systems found in biology possess unique surface properties recognised to regulate cell behaviour. Integration of such natural surface properties in biomaterials can bring about novel cell responses in vitro and provide greater insights into the processes occurring at the cell-biomaterial interface. Using natural surfaces as templates for bioinspired design can stimulate progress in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and biomaterials science. This literature review aims to combine the state-of-the-art knowledge in natural and nature-inspired surfaces, with an emphasis on material properties known to affect cell behaviour.

The Role of Nucleophosmin In Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ito ◽  
Paolo Sportoletti ◽  
John G Clohessy ◽  
Grisendi Silvia ◽  
Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Abstract 95 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is an incurable stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of leukemia transformation. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is directly implicated in primitive hematopoiesis, the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies and more recently of MDS. However, little is known regarding the molecular role and function of NPM in MDS pathogenesis and in stem cell biology. Here we present data demonstrating that NPM plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the transformation of MDS into leukemia. NPM is located on chromosome 5q and is frequently lost in therapy-related and de novo MDS. We have previously shown that Npm1 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in the hematopoietic compartment and Npm1+/− mice develop a hematologic syndrome with features of human MDS, including increased susceptibility to leukemogenesis. As HSCs have been demonstrated to be the target of the primary neoplastic event in MDS, a functional analysis of the HSC compartment is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms in MDS pathogenesis. However, the role of NPM in adult hematopoiesis remains largely unknown as Npm1-deficiency leads to embryonic lethality. To investigate NPM function in adult hematopoiesis, we have generated conditional knockout mice of Npm1, using the Cre-loxP system. Analysis of Npm1 conditional mutants crossed with Mx1-Cre transgenic mice reveals that Npm1 plays a crucial role in adult hematopoiesis and ablation of Npm1 in adult HSCs leads to aberrant cycling and followed by apoptosis. Analysis of cell cycle status revealed that HSCs are impaired in their ability to maintain quiescence after Npm1-deletion and are rapidly depleted in vivo as well as in vitro. Competitive reconstitution assay revealed that Npm1 acts cell-autonomously to maintain HSCs. Conditional inactivation of Npm1 leads to an MDS phenotype including a profoundly impaired ability to differentiate into cells of the erythroid lineage, megakaryocyte dyspoiesis and centrosome amplification. Furthermore, Npm1 loss evokes a p53-dependent response and Npm1-deleted HSCs undergo apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Strikingly, transfer of the Npm1 mutation into a p53-null background rescued the apoptosis of Npm1-ablated HSCs and resulted in accelerated transformation to an aggressive and lethal form of acute myeloid leukemia. Our findings highlight the crucial role of NPM in stem cell biology and identify a new mechanism by which MDS can progress to leukemia. This has important therapeutic implications for de novo MDS as well as therapy-related MDS, which is known to rapidly evolve to leukemia with frequent loss or mutation of TRP53. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Induksi PLB Anggrek Vanda sumatrana Schltr. Liar Pada Media MS dengan Penambahan BAP dan NAA serta Ploidisasi dengan Kolkisin

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hanifah - Aini ◽  
Mansyurdin - Mansyurdin ◽  
Suwirmen - Suwirmen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Colchicine Solution ◽  
Department Faculty

The study about PLB induction of wild Vanda sumatrana Schltr. on MS media suplement with BAP and NAA and ploidisation by colchicine treatment was conducted from December 2014 until November 2015 at the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Biology department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The study aimed to 1) knowing the best concentration of 6-Benzyl amino purin (BAP) and α-Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB)  induction from shoot tip of V. sumatrana, 2) knowing the PLB response of V. sumatrana to concentrations and soak period of colchicine and 3) find the effective concentrations and soak period of colchicine to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana. Shoot tips from in-vitro cultured of V. sumatrana  were subcultured on Murashinge and Skoog (MS) medium supplement with 3 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 3 mg/l BAP and 1,5 mg/l BAP. PLB of diploid V. sumatrana from the best treatment were soaked in 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine for 24 and 48 hours respectively in MS liquid medium, as control were set PLB without colchicine treatment. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP was the best formula to induce PLB. The highest percentage of survival rate of PLB and percentage of survived PLB regenerated shoot was obtained from 0.05% colchicine with 24 hours soak period treatment. The effective treatment to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana Schltr. was obtained from 0.05% colchicine solution for 24 hours soak period.

scholarly journals Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Shamoli Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Basic Biology

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great promise as the source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Present research efforts are directed at isolating these cells from various sources, growing them in vitro and maintaining their pluripotency as well as capacity for self renewal. It is crucial to identify the regulatory molecules which directly or indirectly control the proliferative status or influence the niche microenvironment. The main challenge is to understand the basic biology of the stem cells and manipulate them for further therapeutic applications. Considering their malignant potential, stem cells may be a double edged sword. While the benefits of these cells need to be harnessed judiciously, a significant amount of research is required before embarking on widespread use of this tool for the benefit of humanity. How to cite this article Bhattacharyya S. Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(2):75-80.

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