scholarly journals Whole-Body Cryotherapy Is an Effective Method of Reducing Abdominal Obesity in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2797
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wiecek ◽  
Jadwiga Szymura ◽  
Justyna Sproull ◽  
Zbigniew Szygula
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Abdominal obesity predominates in menopausal women (MW) and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is associated with increased mortality related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver disease. The effects of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on body composition and the blood concentration of irisin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive proteins (CRP) in MW with MetS and in healthy women (HW), were assessed. The study included 19 women with MetS (61.53 ± 3.99 y, BMI 30.09 ± 4.98 kg/m2) and 18 HW (60.28 ± 3.63 y, BMI 25.50 ± 2.37 kg/m2) who were subjected to 20 WBC treatments at −130 °C for 3 min daily. In both groups, body mass (BM), BMI, abdominal circumference, triceps skinfold, total fat mass and percentage of leg fat significantly decreased after 20 WBC sessions. Additionally, the percentage of total, trunk and android fat in the MetS group were significantly decreased after 20 WBC applications. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) significantly decreased in both groups, and in the HW group, hip circumference and abdominal skinfold also significantly decreased after 10 WBC and 20 WBC treatments. In both groups, the concentration of plasma irisin significantly increased after 1 WBC and 10 WBC exposures, while the concentration of IL-6 significantly increased only in MetS group after 10 WBC and 20 WBC, and were significantly higher than in HW. CRP concentrations were significantly higher in the MetS group than in HW before 1 WBC, after 1 WBC and 10 WBC sessions, but not after 20. In the MetS group, there were significant negative correlations between the change in irisin level and the changes in WC and BM, and between the level of irisin and the change in percentage of total fat, and significant negative correlations between the change in IL-6 level and changes in WC, waist-to-hip ratio and WHtR. Whole-body cryotherapy, assuming the application of 20 treatments in the series, reduces abdominal obesity in menopausal women indirectly through the secretion of irisin and IL-6, and can be used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our conclusion is limited to menopausal women with low–moderate physical activity for whom its level as well as diet were not changed during the treatment.

scholarly journals Decreased Blood Asprosin in Hyperglycemic Menopausal Women as a Result of Whole-Body Cryotherapy Regardless of Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wiecek ◽  
Jadwiga Szymura ◽  
Justyna Sproull ◽  
Zbigniew Szygula
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
Disorder Risk

Endocrine dysfunction often occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS), resulting in hyperglycemia and atherogenic blood lipid profile disorders. Asprosin is a newly discovered glucose-regulating hormone. The study aim was to determine whether the application of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) affects asprosin and selected adipocytokines as well as insulin resistance in menopausal women with metabolic disorders. A total of 37 menopausal women were exposed to 20 WBC (−130 °C, 3 min). Blood glucose, asprosin, irisin, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin were measured before and after 20 WBC treatments, after which a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. The results were analyzed in the MetS group compared to the controls (CON) without MetS, and in the hyperglycemic (HG) group compared to the normoglycemic group (NG). After 20 WBC, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in asprosin concentration was found in the MetS, HG, and CON groups, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose concentration was noted in the HG group. Changes in asprosin concentration positively correlated with changes in glucose concentration. Asprosin concentration before WBC correlated positively with metabolic disorder risk factor levels, and the change in asprosin concentration after 20 WBC correlated negatively with metabolic disorder risk factor levels: fasting glucose, AIP, and the leptin/adiponectin index. Research indicates the possibility of using WBC in supporting metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Oliver D. John ◽  
Peter Mouatt ◽  
Sunil K. Panchal ◽  
Lindsay Brown
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Left Ventricular Stiffness

The pulp of the purple mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, is a popular tropical fruit but the rind containing xanthones such as α-mangostin together with procyanidins and anthocyanidins is usually discarded as waste. However, this rind has been used in South-East Asia for diarrhoea, dysentery, skin infections and wounds. As xanthones have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, this study has determined the bioactive compounds and evaluated the effects of G. mangostana rind on physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a diet with increased simple sugars and saturated fats developed obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular stiffness, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Administration of G. mangostana rind as 5% of the food to rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome gave a dose of 168 mg/kg/day α-mangostin, 355 mg/kg/day procyanidins, 3.9 mg/kg/day anthocyanins and 11.8 mg/kg/day hydroxycitric acid for 8 weeks which reduced body weight and attenuated physiological and metabolic changes in rats including decreased abdominal fat deposition, decreased abdominal circumference and whole-body fat mass, improved liver structure and function and improved cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure, left ventricular stiffness and endothelial function. These responses were associated with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased deposition of collagen in both heart and liver and decreased mean adipocyte size in retroperitoneal adipose tissues. We conclude that, in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, chronic intake of G. mangostana rind decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells which decreased physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular symptoms.

Impact of masticatory behaviors measured with wearable device on metabolic syndrome (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Uehara ◽  
Kazuhiro Hori ◽  
Yoko Hasegawa ◽  
Shogo Yoshimura ◽  
Shoko Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Small Scale

BACKGROUND It has been widely recognized that the mastication behaviors are related to the health of the whole body such as lifestyle-related disease. However, many studies were based on subjective questionnaire, or were limited to small-scale research in the laboratory due to the lack of device for measuring mastication behaviors of daily meal objectively. Recently, a small wearable masticatory counter device, called bitescan, for measuring masticatory behavior was developed. This wearable device is designed to assess objective masticatory behavior just by putting on the ear in not only laboratory but also in usual situations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare mastication behaviors in the laboratory with that in daily meals and to clarify the relation between mastication behaviors measured by wearable device and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Ninety-nine healthy volunteers (50 men and 49 women, 36.4 ± 11.7y) participated in this study. The mastication behaviors i.e. number chews and bite, number of chews per bite, chewing rate were measured using the wearable ear-hung type device. Mastication behaviors during eating a rice ball (100 g) in the laboratory and during usual meals for an entire day were monitored, and the daily energy intake was calculated. Participants’ abdominal circumference, fasting glucose concentration, blood pressure, and serum lipids were also measured. The mastication behaviors in laboratory and in meals for one entire day was compared. The participants were divided into two groups using Japanese criteria for MetS (positive / negative for MetS or each MetS components), and mastication behaviors was compared. RESULTS Mastication behaviors in the laboratory and during daily meals were significantly correlated (number of chews r=.360; P<.001, number of bites r=.493; P<.001, number of chews per bite r=.334; P=.001, chewing rate r=.512; P<.001). Although a positive correlation was observed between the number of chews during the 1-day meals and energy intake (r=.262, P=.009), the number of chews per calorie ingested was negatively correlated with energy intake (r=-.315, P=.002). Eight participants were diagnosed with MetS and 12 with pre-MetS. The number of chews and bites for a rice ball in pre-MetS (+) group was significantly lower than the pre-MetS (-) group (P=.016, P=.027, respectively). Additionally, these scores for the positive abdominal circumference, and blood pressure subgroup were also less than the counterpart groups (P=.006, P=.010 for chews, P=.006, P=.016 for bites, respectively). The number of chews and bites for an entire day in the hypertension subgroup were significantly lower than in the other groups (P=.020, P=.006). Furthermore, the positive abdominal circumference and hypertension subgroups showed lower number of chews per calorie ingested, for 1-day meals (P=.049, P=.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that masticatory behaviors do not change with environmental, and that masticatory behaviors might have relation to MetS and MetS components. CLINICALTRIAL A protocol containing all methods and materials was uploaded to the Individual Case Data Repository of University Hospital Medical Information Network, prior to the start of data collection (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000034453).

The Effects of a Modified High-carbohydrate High-fat Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Male Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sok Wong ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
Farihah Suhaimi ◽  
Fairus Ahmad ◽  
Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
High Carbohydrate

AbstractMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A previous study has established that high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF) can induce MetS in rats. In this study, we modified components of the diet so that it resembled the diet of Southeast Asians. This study aimed to determine the effects of this modified HCHF diet on metabolic parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats (n=14) were randomised into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The MetS group was given the HCHF diet, comprises of fructose, sweetened condensed milk, ghee, Hubble Mendel and Wakeman salt mixture, and powdered rat food. The diet regimen was assigned for a period of 16 weeks. Metabolic syndrome parameters (abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile) were measured at week 0, 8, 12, and 16 of the study. The measurement of whole body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and percentage of fat) was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 0, 8, and 16. Our results indicated that the components of MetS were partially developed after 8 weeks of HCHF diet. Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fat content, and percentage of fat was significantly higher in the HCHF group compared to normal group (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of HCHF diet, the rats showed significant increases in abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia compared to normal control (p<0.05). In conclusion, MetS is successfully established in male rats induced by the modified HCHF diet after 12 weeks.

459-P: Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Uncoupling by CRMP Improves Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in A LDLR-/- Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 459-P
Author(s):  
LEIGH GOEDEKE ◽  
NOEMI ROTLLAN ◽  
KESHIA TOUSSAINT ◽  
ALI NASIRI ◽  
XINBO ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling

X-ray computer densitometry in the diagnosis of fat hepatosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Valentin N. Druzhinin ◽  
Vadim G. Suvorov ◽  
Nikolay V. Druzhinin ◽  
Aleksandr N. Cherniyi ◽  
Sergey N. Troynyakov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Fat Liver

Currently, the problem of reducing the risk of developing fat liver hepatosis from exposure to household and industrial toxicants among the working-age population continues to be an important medical and social problem, since not timely diagnosis of the disease can lead to its progressive course with the development of inflammatory changes, necrosis and liver fibrosis up to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. In this regard, the search for methods and techniques that optimize the diagnosis of fat hepatosis is relevant. Modern methods of radiation diagnostics of liver density characteristics can significantly reduce subjectivity in the assessment of changes due to the use of quantitative indicators. The aim of study - improving the quality of x-ray diagnostics of fat liver disease based on a precision assessment of the density of the liver parenchyma using computed tomography. A comparative retrospective analysis of the results of a comprehensive clinical and radiological examination of 115 men of working age in the range of 40-55 years was performed. The main group (48 people) - employees of machine-building plants: shapers, stumpers, fitters-assemblers who had industrial contact with such factors as local vibration, dust, noise, muscle strain, burdened with a long alcoholic history and the presence of signs of metabolic syndrome: hyperlipidemia, impaired tolerance to carbohydrates, diabetes, abdominal obesity. The comparison group included representatives of auxiliary professions without clinical signs of pathology (47 people), comparable in age and experience with the main group. X-ray examinations were performed using computer tomographs: "HI Spead CT/e Dual" by GE Medical Systems and "Aqulion 64" by Toshiba. To measure the liver density in Hounsfield units (HU), the ROI (zone of interest) tool was used, which allows determining the desired value over areas of different dimensions. Measurements were performed on computer screens in 4 zones of interest at 4 levels of scanning of the liver lobes (apex, level of the caval gate, level of the left lobe, level of the portal gate) with the calculation of the average values of the density index (IDH) and density gradients (IDG) relative to the aorta, spleen and kidney. Analysis of the results of a posteriori CT densitometry of various parts of the liver within the framework of the developed algorithm, including the use of absolute and relative (gradient) x-ray density indicators of hepatic, vascular (aorta),splenic and renal structures, allowed us to expand our understanding of the quantitative density characteristics both in normal and in patients with signs of diffuse fat hepatosis (FH). It was found that the liver parenchyma density indicators can be a kind of (conditional), sometimes the only indicators of the degree of severity of changes that objectively manifest positive or negative dynamics of pathophysiological processes and, in particular, at the initial stages of the development of the studied pathology. Density differences in the right and left liver parenchyma in the control group (conditional norm) in terms of absolute density and its gradient, regardless of the level of scanning, were insignificant (statistically unreliable). In patients with clinical signs of fatty liver infiltration at the stage of steatosis, in the absence of x-ray morphologically detectable structural changes, a decrease in IDH and the dynamics of its increase (recovery) at various stages of observation were revealed. Even with comparatively equal IDH of the evaluated departments, the IDG of different people differed, manifesting the individuality of metabolic processes occurring in the body, in particular in the liver, is a kind of indicator of their direction and severity. The significance of density indicators as predictors of the subsequent stages of the pathology under consideration was particularly evident in the analysis of the results of primary diagnostics and its development in the dynamics of observations. The application of the developed methodological approach allowed us to expand our understanding of the possibilities of KT-liver densitometry in patients with metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity) in the diagnosis of fatty liver disease (FLD) at various stages of examination, including in the early subclinical phases of pathology development. The results obtained indicate the predominant role of ethyl alcohol as a hepatotoxicant in the development of FLD in the estimated cohort of the working-age population. The use of an original algorithm for evaluating tissue density makes it possible to significantly ensure the objectivity of the interpretation of research results.

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽  
Milan Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Sirt1 and Sirt3 Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Older and Young Men Performing Different Levels of Physical Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gabriela Wojciak ◽  
Jadwiga Szymura ◽  
Zbigniew Szygula ◽  
Joanna Gradek ◽  
Magdalena Wiecek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

Background: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and sirtuins (Sirt) decreases along with age, which is counteracted by aerobic training. Sirtuins increase antioxidant defence. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in young men. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of 24 WBC treatments on the blood concentration of selected sirtuins and the level of antioxidant defence as well as oxidative stress index of training and non-training men depending on age. Methods: The study involved 40 males. In each group, there were 10 non-training older and young men (60 NTR and 20 NTR), and 10 older and young long-distance runners (60 TR, 20 TR). During an 8-week period, participants underwent 24 WBC treatments (3 min −130 °C), which were performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). The concentrations of Sirt1, Sirt3, TAC, total oxidative status and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood were determined before 1 WBC and after 1 WBC, 12 WBC and 24 WBC. Results: After 1 WBC, the activity of GPx and the concentration of Sirt1 and TAC in 60 TR and TAC in 60 NTR increased. After 12 WBC, the level of Sirt1 in 20 NTR and SOD in 20 TR increased. After 24 WBC, the level of Sirt1 increased in 60 TR and in 20 NTR, Sirt3 in 60 TR and SOD in 20 TR. Conclusions: Cryogenic temperatures increase blood levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 and systemic antioxidant defence in men, but the effect is dependent on age, level of performed physical activity and the number of applied treatments.

scholarly journals Higher Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Chemerin Concentrations Were Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Features in Pediatric Subjects with Abdominal Obesity during a Lifestyle Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Amelia Marti ◽  
Isabel Martínez ◽  
Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez ◽  
María Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Binding

Background: Elevated circulating plasma levels of both lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and chemerin are reported in patients with obesity, but few studies are available on lifestyle intervention programs. We investigated the association of both LBP and chemerin plasma levels with metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes in a lifestyle intervention in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity Methods: Twenty-nine patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were selected. The lifestyle intervention with a 2-month intensive phase and a subsequent 10-month follow-up consisted of a moderate calorie-restricted diet, recommendations to increase physical activity levels, and nutritional education. Results: Weight loss was accompanied by a significant reduction in MetS prevalence (−43%; p = 0.009). Chemerin (p = 0.029) and LBP (p = 0.033) plasma levels were significantly reduced at 2 months and 12 months, respectively. At the end of intervention, MetS components were associated with both LBP (p = 0.017) and chemerin (p < 0.001) plasma levels. Conclusions: We describe for the first time a reduction in both LBP and chemerin plasma levels and its association with MetS risk factors after a lifestyle intervention program in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Therefore, LBP and chemerin plasma levels could be used as biomarkers for the progression of cardiovascular risk in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber and Its Source Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
SuJin Song ◽  
YoonJu Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Korean Adults

We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality.

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