scholarly journals Role of Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) in Neurological and Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Sharma ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
DevNath Singh Gautam ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Wide Range

Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn. (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive literature survey is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders.

The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-257
Author(s):  
Md. Ezazul Haque ◽  
Md. Jakaria ◽  
Mahbuba Akther ◽  
Duk-Yeon Cho ◽  
In-Su Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferases ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
General Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lysine Acetyltransferase

Abstract General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.

The Jumonji family: past, present and future of histone demethylases in cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Alfonso Ciotta ◽  
Lucia Altucci
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Histone Demethylases ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expression Modulation

AbstractThe first Jumonji gene was cloned in 1995 by Takeuchi et al. [Takeuchi T, Yamazaki Y, Katoh-Fukui Y, Tsuchiya R, Kondo S, Motoyama J, Higashinakagawa T. Gene trap capture of a novel mouse gene, jumonji, required for neural tube formation. Genes Dev 1995; 9: 1211–22.]. Several genes sharing similar biological features have since been discovered, and are currently grouped into the JMJ family. Interestingly, their deregulation has been associated with cardiac disease, obesity, neurological disorders and cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying their function is gene expression modulation via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Increasing evidence of Jumonji deregulation in tumours such as colon, prostate, haematological and breast cancer is continually emerging, hence the need to acquire a better understanding. The Genesapiens.org database of patient arrays allows target expression levels to be investigated in a wide range of cancers, corroborating and extending the role of the JMJ family. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profile and regulation of JMJ family members in cancer, examining the most recent literature in the light of analyses drawn from this database.

scholarly journals Human Parvoviruses May Affect the Development and Clinical Course of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Anda Vilmane ◽  
Anna Terentjeva ◽  
Paulius L. Tamosiunas ◽  
Normunds Suna ◽  
Inga Suna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infection Markers

Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martínez ◽  
Irene Naya ◽  
Natalio García-Honduvilla ◽  
Melchor Álvarez-Mon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Wide Range

Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.

Cloud libraries

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Yuvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Cloud Computing Platform ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Purpose – The present paper is an attempt to describe in detail the concept of Cloud computing in conjunction with libraries. It describes in detail about Cloud libraries, transition of libraries toward Cloud, its need, features, Cloud library components, types of Cloud libraries, Cloud library infrastructure, key players as well as role of Cloud librarians. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an extensive literature survey, the basic conceptions of Cloud libraries were developed. Findings – Various concepts of Cloud libraries have been proposed in the literature that will be instrumental in understanding the theoretical foundations of Cloud libraries. Originality/value – Till date no any theoretical foundation exists on the concept of Cloud libraries. The paper is one of the first attempts to give shape to the libraries based on Cloud computing platform.

Survey of Temporal Factors Affecting Visual Display Capabilities

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-424
Author(s):  
Paul Tynan ◽  
Robert Sekuler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
The Military

We conducted an extensive literature survey designed to produce a document that would analyze and summarize the role of temporal factors in display design. The survey revealed that there were no data available on several questions crucial to problems in human engineering. We suggest some lines of future research and possible changes in the Military Standard.

scholarly journals Modifications of Human Subcutaneous ADMSC after PPARγActivation and Cold Exposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vargas ◽  
Wendy Rosales ◽  
Fernando Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mature Adipocyte ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are a diverse population of cells with a wide range of potential therapeutic applications. In particular, cells from adipose tissue have the distinction of being easily accessible and contain a lot of stem cells. ADMSCs can be induced to mature adipocyte and activate the energy expenditure upon treatment with total PPARγagonists. Additionally these cells may respond to cold by activating the thermogenic program. In the present study, we determined the effect of partial agonism of PPARγand temperature reduction on phenotype and metabolic activity of ADMSCs from human adipose subcutaneous tissue. We found that adipocytes differentiated with total and partial agonists of PPARγand exposed to 31°C are able to respond to cold significantly increasing the expression of thermogenic proteins such as UCP1, PGC1α, and CITED1, a marker of beige phenotype. Additionally, we found that adipocyte cells subjected to cold had a reduction in triglycerides and increased adiponectin levels. These data confirm the promising role of ADMSCs as a treatment for metabolic disorders since it is possible to induce them to mature adipocytes and modulate their phenotype toward a cell with high-energy expenditure and metabolic beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Refractory Epilepsy: Role of Thalamus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Chen ◽  
Shubin Wang ◽  
Peijing Rong ◽  
Junling Liu ◽  
Hongqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Sensory Transmission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deep Brain

Neurostimulation procedures like vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation have been used to treat refractory epilepsy and other neurological disorders. While holding promise, they are invasive interventions with serious complications and adverse effects. Moreover, their efficacies are modest with less seizure free. Acupuncture is a simple, safe, and effective traditional healing modality for a wide range of diseases including pain and epilepsy. Thalamus takes critical role in sensory transmission and is highly involved in epilepsy genesis particularly the absence epilepsy. Considering thalamus serves as a convergent structure for both acupuncture and VNS and the thalamic neuronal activities can be modulated by acupuncture, we propose that acupuncture could be a promising therapy or at least a screening tool to select suitable candidates for those invasive modalities in the management of refractory epilepsy.

Competing endogenous RNAs (CeRNAs): Novel network in Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani ◽  
Reyhane Ebrahimi ◽  
Atiyeh Al-e-Ahmad ◽  
Ghodratollah Panahi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Wide Range

: Neurological Disorders (NDs) comprise a broad range of diseases affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. These complex multifactorial diseases have a high rate of mortality all over the world, particularly in aged people. Today, new evidence drove our attention to the notable role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the progression of NDs. Remarkably, recent studies showed that there are close communication networks among RNA transcripts such as mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and pseudogenes for regulating each other’s expression through competing for shared sequences in microRNAs (miRs). This concept is a new area of ongoing research recognized as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. CeRNAs are novel regulatory molecules in a wide range of biological stages and pathological contexts. Indeed, the disruption of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) may affect neural development genes and induce neuropathological changes leading to the development of NDs. Because of this, identifying the correlation of ceRNETs with NDs will open a new window for expanding our knowledge about this field of science, as well as creating novel roads for developing specific diagnostic biomarkers for NDs management. Owing to these unique features, exploring the exact role of ceRNAs is a hot topic in NDs investigations. Hence, in this review, we will summarize the evidence supporting ceRNETs in the regulation of NDs-related gene expression.

scholarly journals Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors: Potential for the Development of New Therapeutics

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh ◽  
Linh Do ◽  
Brianne Hritz
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

The metalloproteinase (MP) family of zinc-dependent proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation activities. A wide range of substrates of the MP family includes ECM components, chemokines, cell receptors, and growth factors. Metalloproteinases activities are tightly regulated by proteolytic activation and inhibition via their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the imbalance of the activation and inhibition is responsible in progression or inhibition of several diseases, e.g., cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview of the structure, function, and the multifaceted role of MMPs, ADAMs, and TIMPs in several diseases via their cellular functions such as proteolysis of other cell signaling factors, degradation and remodeling of the ECM, and other essential protease-independent interactions in the ECM. The significance of MP inhibitors targeting specific MMP or ADAMs with high selectivity is also discussed. Recent advances and techniques used in developing novel MP inhibitors and MP responsive drug delivery tools are also reviewed.

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