scholarly journals Modifications of Human Subcutaneous ADMSC after PPARγActivation and Cold Exposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vargas ◽  
Wendy Rosales ◽  
Fernando Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mature Adipocyte ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are a diverse population of cells with a wide range of potential therapeutic applications. In particular, cells from adipose tissue have the distinction of being easily accessible and contain a lot of stem cells. ADMSCs can be induced to mature adipocyte and activate the energy expenditure upon treatment with total PPARγagonists. Additionally these cells may respond to cold by activating the thermogenic program. In the present study, we determined the effect of partial agonism of PPARγand temperature reduction on phenotype and metabolic activity of ADMSCs from human adipose subcutaneous tissue. We found that adipocytes differentiated with total and partial agonists of PPARγand exposed to 31°C are able to respond to cold significantly increasing the expression of thermogenic proteins such as UCP1, PGC1α, and CITED1, a marker of beige phenotype. Additionally, we found that adipocyte cells subjected to cold had a reduction in triglycerides and increased adiponectin levels. These data confirm the promising role of ADMSCs as a treatment for metabolic disorders since it is possible to induce them to mature adipocytes and modulate their phenotype toward a cell with high-energy expenditure and metabolic beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Role of Stem Cells in Health Science and Medicine

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Rimsha Imam ◽  
Aqsa Saeed ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Disease Cell

Stem cells have a great potential to divide and present in all multicellular organism throughout their life. It holds a wide range of applications in novel therapies for the cure of many diseases and injuries by using early embryonic cells as well as adult stem cells. In research, they provide the whole knowledge of how humans develop from a cell. Understanding the phenomena of stem cells we can use these cells for the specific purpose in treating diseases such as modeling disease, cell-based therapies or drug screening. Adult as well as embryonic stem cells collectively used to treat such problems for the benefits of society. The power of plasticity in adult stem cells has yet determined. Use of stem cells can carry various ethical impacts along with several applications.

Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from the ruminal protozoan Entodinium caudatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
R. Islam Khan ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
C. Jamie Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
S 100 ◽  
A Cell

Entodinium species are important in catabolic protein metabolism by the mixed ruminal microbial population. This study was conducted to purify, and investigate properties of one of the enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum, glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase (GPA; EC 2.6.1.64). GPA was purified 74-fold from a cell-free extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with phenyl-superose, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Sephacryl S-100 HR, and Sephadex G-100. The molecular mass of GPA was estimated by SDS–PAGE to be 65.0 kDa. The optimum pH was 6.0 and it was found to be reactive over a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 10.5. Maximum activity of GPA occurred at 45°C and the activity declined at temperatures over 55°C. GPA was stable below 60°C. Aminooxyacetate and phenylhydrazine were highly inhibitory, and SDS, EDTA, and some heavy metal ions also inhibited activity. The purification and characterisation of the enzyme will help to isolate the gene and ultimately to understand the role of GPA in both anabolic and catabolic amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum.

Extracellular vesicles, stem cells and the role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz M. Belkozhayev ◽  
Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki ◽  
Alex George ◽  
Raigul Ye Niyazova ◽  
Kamalidin O. Sharipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Crucial Information

There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington’s disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Selective Protein Degradation in the Regulation of Iron and Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wawrzyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Sirko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
High Energy ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugation ◽  
Cellular Components

Plants are able to synthesize all essential metabolites from minerals, water, and light to complete their life cycle. This plasticity comes at a high energy cost, and therefore, plants need to tightly allocate resources in order to control their economy. Being sessile, plants can only adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, relying on quality control mechanisms. The remodeling of cellular components plays a crucial role, not only in response to stress, but also in normal plant development. Dynamic protein turnover is ensured through regulated protein synthesis and degradation processes. To effectively target a wide range of proteins for degradation, plants utilize two mechanistically-distinct, but largely complementary systems: the 26S proteasome and the autophagy. As both proteasomal- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation use ubiquitin as an essential signal of substrate recognition, they share ubiquitin conjugation machinery and downstream ubiquitin recognition modules. Recent progress has been made in understanding the cellular homeostasis of iron and sulfur metabolisms individually, and growing evidence indicates that complex crosstalk exists between iron and sulfur networks. In this review, we highlight the latest publications elucidating the role of selective protein degradation in the control of iron and sulfur metabolism during plant development, as well as environmental stresses.

Hematopoietic stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells – considering the role of microRNA as a cell differentiation regulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. jcs203018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline F. Ferreira ◽  
George A. Calin ◽  
Virgínia Picanço-Castro ◽  
Simone Kashima ◽  
Dimas T. Covas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martínez ◽  
Irene Naya ◽  
Natalio García-Honduvilla ◽  
Melchor Álvarez-Mon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Wide Range

Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.

scholarly journals The role of interleukin-17 in tumor development and progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Tomasz Herjan ◽  
Xiaoxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Wide Range

IL-17, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to intimately contribute to the formation, growth, and metastasis of a wide range of malignancies. Recent studies implicate IL-17 as a link among inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. While IL-17–mediated production of inflammatory mediators mobilizes immune-suppressive and angiogenic myeloid cells, emerging studies reveal that IL-17 can directly act on tissue stem cells to promote tissue repair and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the pleotropic impacts of IL-17 on cancer biology, focusing how IL-17–mediated inflammatory response and mitogenic signaling are exploited to equip its cancer-promoting function and discussing the implications in therapies.

Modeling of Size Effects in Diffusion Driven Processes at Nanoscale - Large Atomic and Mesoscale Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 38-73
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wejrzanowski ◽  
Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intergranular Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microstructure Effect

The results of the studies presented here are devoted to understanding of microstructure effect on the processes and properties driven by diffusion. The role of various interfaces (intergranular, phase, free surface), as the high-energy defects, is underlined and investigated with special attention. The methodology relevant to analyses of the microstructural processes is first briefly presented. The capability and limitations of classical molecular dynamics, mesoscale Monte Carlo and cellular automaton techniques are described. Two examples of the diffusion driven processes analyzed at various length and time scale are shown: namely, grain growth in nanometallic materials and melting of thin embedded films. The modeling results are also accompanied with experimental studies. Thanks to application of numerical methods, models of relevant processes were proposed, which enabled to provide quantitative relationships between microstructure and the process kinetics. Such relationships can be later used for design of optimized materials for wide range of applications.

Neurons Generated from APP/APLP1/APLP2 Triple Knockout Embryonic Stem Cells Behave NormallyIn VitroandIn Vivo: Lack of Evidence for a Cell Autonomous Role of APP in Neuronal Differentiation

Stem Cells ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. N/A-N/A ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A. Bergmans ◽  
S. Ali M. Shariati ◽  
Ron L.P. Habets ◽  
Patrik Verstreken ◽  
Luc Schoonjans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2) ◽  
pp. S66-S78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal ◽  
◽  
Nimra Sardar ◽  
Wajiha Akmal ◽  
Rabia Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The emergence of a novel coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health apprehension due to rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread. This emergence was started from Wuhan, China in 2019 from the zoonotic source and spread worldwide, infecting almost half of the community on this earth. Many of the receptors are involved in proceeding with this infection in the organism's body. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential and protective functions from a wide range of microbial pathogens. Small setup of TLR adaptor proteins leads to activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF). Consequently, various advanced inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferon reaction properties can be up-regulated. Similarly, TLR flagging works on autophagy in macrophages. Autophagy is a cell response to starvation that helps to eliminate damaged cytosol organelles and persistent proteins. It is also able to prevent the replication of intracellular pathogens. Several microbes subvert the autophagy pathways to sustain their viability. This review investigates how TLRs can modulate a macrophagic system and analyze the role of natural resistance autophagy.

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