scholarly journals Body-Mass-Index Associated Differences in Ortho- and Retronasal Olfactory Function and the Individual Significance of Olfaction in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerold Besser ◽  
Brigitte Erlacher ◽  
Kadriye Aydinkoc-Tuzcu ◽  
David T. Liu ◽  
Eleonore Pablik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flavor Perception ◽  
Smell Test ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Individual

Odor (including flavor) perception plays a major role in dietary behavior. Orthonasal olfactory function (OOF) has been shown to decrease in obese subjects. Changes in retronasal olfactory function (ROF) after weight loss and in the individual significance of olfaction (ISO) in obesity are yet to be investigated. Firstly, 15 obese subjects were recruited in a pilot study and supported to conventionally lose weight. OOF (Sniffin’ Sticks) was measured at the beginning and after 5.6 ± 1.3 months. Eleven subjects re-visited but barely lost weight and no major changes in OOF were observed. Secondly, the body-mass-index (BMI), OOF, and ROF (Candy Smell Test, CST) were recorded in subjectively olfactory-healthy subjects (SOHSs) and additionally the ISO questionnaire was collected in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). BMI correlated significantly negatively with odor discrimination (p = 0.00004) in 74 SOHSs and negatively with CST (p < 0.0001) in 66 SOHSs. In 48 SOHSs, there was a gender difference in ISO scores (p = 0.034), but no significant correlation with BMI was found (p > 0.05). ISO scores were significantly higher in 52 OD patients in comparison to SOHSs (p = 0.0382). Not only OOF but also ROF may decline with higher BMI. ISO does not seem to alter with BMI, but olfaction becomes more important once it is consciously impaired.

scholarly journals The association between body mass index and the oral Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes profiles of healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Roshna Mohamed Qadir ◽  
Mahde Saleh Assafi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Health Objective

Introduction: Microbiome status is considered an important factor that contributes to obesity. Investigations have shown that the oral microbiome comprises a vast array of bacterial species that can influence human health. Objective: To determine the association between the presence of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the body mass index (BMI) status of normal, overweight and obese subjects in Duhok, Iraq. Additionally, to investigate the composition of oral Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes profiles for individuals with different BMI statuses. Methods: A total of 155 saliva samples were collected from participants in Duhok, Iraq. Bacterial genomic DNA was then extracted from the collected saliva. The presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected via polymerase chain reaction. Results: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were detected in 63.2 and 37.4% of the population, respectively. Differences in the carriage rates of oral Firmicutes in overweight (78%) and obese individuals (83%) were statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (36%) (P<0.0001). The percentage rates of Bacteroidetes in obese individuals (26.4%) was statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (50.8%) (P=0.0078). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios (obese=3.1, overweight=2.5 and normal weight=0.7) were higher with increasing BMI. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio growing with increasing BMI. High rates of Firmicutes could serve a role in the development of obesity. Further studies are required to clarify the exact relationship between oral bacteria and obesity, which could lead to a promising therapeutic method for improving the physical health of humans.

scholarly journals Overweight And Obesity Repercussion In The Postoperative Of Myocardial Revascularization Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyagra Ribeiro de Araújo ◽  
Raul Amaral de Araújo ◽  
Simone Maria Muniz da Silva Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Revascularization Surgery

This is a descriptive, retrospective study with cross-sectional quantitative approach, which aimed to relate the body mass index with events in the postoperative period of the myocardial revascularization surgery with use of extracorporeal circulation. The data collection period was between April and June/2012. Patients were divided according to the body mass index and classified as without excess of weight, overweight or obese. The data analysis was based on the descriptive statistics. The patients without excess of weight had more complications, especially those related to the lungs. Among overweight and obese individuals, the cardiovascular complications stood out. The obese subjects had the worse prognostic. Obesity and overweight did not have statistically significant association with a higher frequency of postoperative complications, in spite of the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in this group. The patients without excess of weight had higher risks of developing neurological events.


Elevated β2-adrenoceptor protein concentration in adipose tissue from obese subjects is closely related to the body mass index and waist/hip ratio

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads RASMUSSEN ◽  
Thomas ALMDAL ◽  
Palle BRATHOLM ◽  
Niels Juel CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Obese Subjects

The aim of the present study was to quantify β2-adrenoceptor protein content in adipose tissue during fasting, and to study the relationships between β2-adrenoceptor protein and mRNA levels and changes in metabolites related to lipolysis. Groups of male subjects with a body mass index of <25kg/m2 or >30kg/m2 fasted for 60h. Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies were analysed for receptor mRNA levels by reverse transcription–PCR–HPLC. The β2-adrenoceptor protein concentration was measured by Western blotting using fluorescence laser scanning for detection. The β2-adrenoceptor protein concentration per cell (on a DNA basis) was higher in obese subjects (P<0.03). There were highly significant relationships between β2-adrenoceptor protein concentration and both body mass index and waist/hip ratio (P<0.001 for both). Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between the receptor protein concentration and the serum β-hydroxybutyrate level during fasting (P<0.005). β2-Adrenoceptor protein levels decreased in both groups during fasting, to a similar degree. Basal β2-adrenoceptor mRNA levels were similar in the two groups, but there was a smaller increase in the obese group during fasting (P<0.03). The increased β2-adrenoceptor protein level in obese subjects is likely to be related to the greater plasma membrane area of their adipocytes. The decrease during fasting may be due to increased binding of noradrenaline and subsequent internalization and degradation of the receptor. Elevated levels of less responsive β2-adrenoceptor protein in obese subjects may contribute to the development of obesity.

scholarly journals Exploring the relation between dental caries and body mass index among primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition children - A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7782-7789
Author(s):  
Chanchala H P ◽  
Srilatha K T ◽  
Madhu B ◽  
Manjunatha S N ◽  
Raghavendra Shanbhog
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
The Individual

The research on the association of the Body mass index and Dental caries has indicated inconsistent results in the previous studies. Therefore, the present review intended to re analyse the relationship between Body mass index and Dental caries. The databases used to search were Pubmed, Embase, Journal of the web using the following mesh terms, Body mass index, overweight, underweight, Obesity, DMFT, Tooth decay, child. The other methods were the manual searches of the reference lists of all selected studies, reviews, conference proceedings with complete information. The results were evaluated based on the 3 groups as an association of Dental caries and BMI for Primary teeth, mixed dentition and permanent teeth. The studies should consider the review based on the individual country specific BMI-for-age centiles to reduce the heterogeneities in the results as it causes inconclusive results.

scholarly journals Study on the Evolution of Anthropometric Indices in Primary School Students

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (1 (Supplement)) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Vlad-Ionuț Stegariu ◽  
Vlad Alexandru Muntian ◽  
Florentina Petruța Martinaș
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Individual

In the antepubertal period, motor skills are influenced by the growth and development processes that the child goes through, the entire biomotor potential entering a continuous adaptive process. In this period, the role of physical education and sports is an essential one in the harmonious physical development of the individual but also in the optimization of his biological potential. The purpose of this study is to observe the qualitative evolution of the anthropometric indices of primary school students. We consider that between the values of the body mass index and the proportionality index there are no statistically significant differences between female and male subjects in the studied group. To calculate the two anthropometric indices, body mass index and Adrian Ionescu proportionality index, the following measurements were performed: waist, bust and weight. The results were processed and analyzed using the program IBM SPSS Statistics, using the T test and the Pearson correlation index.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Visual body processing’s associations to Body Mass Index and internalization of societal beauty ideals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Elizabeth Walters ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Attention To Detail

We examined whether visual processing mechanisms of the body of conspecifics are different in women and men and whether these rely on westernised socio-cultural ideals and body image concerns. Twenty-four women and 24 men performed a visual discrimination task of upright or inverted images of female or male bodies and faces (Experiment 1) and objects (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both groups of women and men showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of upright and inverted bodies and faces. However, the genders of the human stimuli yielded different effects on participants’ performance, so that male bodies and female faces appeared to be processed less configurally than female bodies and male faces, respectively. Interestingly, altered configural processing for male bodies was significantly predicted by participants’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and their level of internalization of muscularity. Our findings suggest that configural visual processing of bodies and faces in women and men may be linked to a selective attention to detail needed for discriminating salient physical (perhaps sexual) cues of conspecifics. Importantly, BMI and muscularity internalization of beauty ideals may also play a crucial role in this mechanism.

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