scholarly journals Adult Gambling Problems and Histories of Mental Health and Substance Use: Findings from a Prospective Multi-Wave Australian Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Merkouris ◽  
Christopher J. Greenwood ◽  
George J. Youssef ◽  
Primrose Letcher ◽  
Suzanne Vassallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

Little is known about the cumulative effect of adolescent and young adult mental health difficulties and substance use problems on gambling behaviour in adulthood. We use data from one of Australia’s longest running studies of social and emotional development to examine the extent to which: (1) mental health symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and substance use (weekly binge drinking, tobacco, and cannabis use) from adolescence (13–18 years) into young adulthood (19–28 years) predict gambling problems in adulthood (31–32 years); and (2) risk relationships differ by sex. Analyses were based on responses from 1365 adolescent and young adult participants, spanning seven waves of data collection (1998–2014). Persistent adolescent to young adult binge drinking, tobacco use and cannabis use predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.30–3.42). Binge drinking and tobacco use in young adulthood also predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.04–2.54). Prior mental health symptoms were not associated with gambling and no risk relationships differed by sex. Findings suggest that gambling problems in adulthood may be related to the earlier development of other addictive behaviours, and that interventions targeting substance use from adolescence to young adulthood may confer additional gains in preventing later gambling behaviours.

scholarly journals A learning algorithm for predicting mental health symptoms and substance use

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Fojo ◽  
Catherine R. Lesko ◽  
Kelly S. Benke ◽  
Geetanjali Chander ◽  
Bryan Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

scholarly journals Racial matching and adolescent self-disclosure of substance use and mental health symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Ureche ◽  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Jordan P. Davis ◽  
Karen M. Tabb
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Racial Matching

Evaluation of Treatment and Other Factors That Lead to Drug Court Success, Substance Use Reduction, and Mental Health Symptomatology Reduction Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Baughman ◽  
Krystel Tossone ◽  
Mark I. Singer ◽  
Daniel J. Flannery
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Symptomatology

Adults presenting with substance use and mental health disorders in the criminal justice system is well documented. While studies have examined drug courts and medication-assisted treatment (MAT), few have examined social and behavioral health indicators, and even fewer have multiple study periods. This study employed a comprehensive approach to studying the MAT contribution to drug court success; reduce substance use, mental health symptoms, and risky behaviors; and the role that violence or trauma plays in mental health symptomatology. Using three time points, our findings indicated that MAT did not play a significant role in the reduction of substance use, risky behaviors, or mental health symptoms or increasing the odds of successful court graduation. However, there was an overall improvement from intake to termination in reduction of substance use, risky behaviors, and mental health symptomatology. Other factors, including social support, may play a role in drug court graduation. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Daily Substance Use and Mental Health Symptoms among a Cohort of Homeless Adults in Vancouver, British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Palepu ◽  
Michelle Patterson ◽  
Verena Strehlau ◽  
Akm Moniruzzamen ◽  
Jason Tan de Bibiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Homeless Adults ◽  
Health Symptoms

scholarly journals Mental Health Symptoms Unexpectedly Increased in Students Aged 11–19 Years During the 3.5 Years After the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire: Findings From 9,376 Survey Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. G. Brown ◽  
Hannah Pazderka ◽  
Vincent I. O. Agyapong ◽  
Andrew J. Greenshaw ◽  
Ivor Cribben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Post Disaster

In Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, the wildfire of May 2016 forced the population of 88,000 to rapidly evacuate in a traumatic and chaotic manner. Ten percentage of the homes in the city were destroyed, and many more structures were damaged. Since youth are particularly vulnerable to negative effects of natural disasters, we examined possible long-term psychological impacts. To assess this, we partnered with Fort McMurray Public and Catholic Schools, who surveyed Grade 7–12 students (aged 11–19) in November 2017, 2018, and 2019—i.e., at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years after the wildfire. The survey included validated measurement scales for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, quality of life, self-esteem, and resilience. Data analysis was done on large-scale anonymous surveys including 3,070 samples in 2017; 3,265 samples in 2018; and 3,041 samples in 2019. The results were unexpected and showed that all mental health symptoms increased from 2017 to 2019, with the exception of tobacco use. Consistent with this pattern, self-esteem and quality of life scores decreased. Resilience scores did not change significantly. Thus, mental health measures worsened, in contrast to our initial hypothesis that they would improve over time. Of note, we observed higher levels of mental health distress among older students, in females compared to male students, and in individuals with a minority gender identity, including transgender and gender-non-conforming individuals. These findings demonstrate that deleterious mental health effects can persist in youth for years following a wildfire disaster. This highlights the need for multi-year mental health support programs for youth in post-disaster situations. The indication that multi-year, post-disaster support is warranted is relatively novel, although not unknown. There is a need to systematically investigate factors associated with youth recovery following a wildfire disaster, as well as efficacy of psychosocial strategies during later phases of disaster recovery relative to early post-disaster interventions.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation Among Unpaid Caregivers in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships to Age, Race/Ethnicity, Employment, and Caregiver Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark É Czeisler ◽  
Alexandra Drane ◽  
Sarah S Winnay ◽  
Emily R Capodilupo ◽  
Charles A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of unpaid caregiving during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify factors associated with adverse mental health symptoms, substance use, and suicidal ideation in this population, which provides critical support in health care systems by providing care to older adults and those with chronic conditions.MethodsIn June 2020, Internet-based surveys with questions about demographics, caregiving responsibilities, and mental health were administered to US adults aged ≥18 years. Demographic quota sampling and survey weighting to improve cross-sectional sample representativeness of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios for adverse mental health symptoms were estimated using multivariable Poisson regressions.ResultsOf 9,896 eligible invited adults, 5,412 (54.7%) completed surveys; 5,011 (92.6%) respondents met screening criteria and were analysed, including 1,362 (27.2%) caregivers. Caregivers had higher prevalences of adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers, including anxiety or depressive disorder symptoms (57.6% vs 21.5%, respectively, p<0.0001) having recently seriously considered suicide (33.4% vs 3.7%, p<0.0001). Symptoms were more common among caregivers who were young vs older adults (e.g., aged 18–24 vs ≥65 years, aPR 2.75, 95% CI 1.95–3.88, p<0.0001), Hispanic or Latino vs non-Hispanic White (1.14, 1.04–1.25, p=0.0044), living with vs without disabilities (1.18, 1.10–1.26, p<0.0001), and with moderate and high vs low Caregiver Intensity Index scores (2.31, 1.65–3.23; 2.81, 2.00–3.94; both p<0.0001). Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among non-Hispanic Black vs non-Hispanic White caregivers (1.48, 1.15–1.90, p=0.0022).ConclusionsCaregivers, who accounted for one in four US adult respondents in this nationally representative sample, more commonly reported adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers. Increased visibility of and access to mental health care resources are urgently needed to address mental health challenges of caregiving.

Trauma exposure, social functioning, and common mental health disorders in Somali refugee male and female youth: An SEM analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110377
Author(s):  
Hyojin Im ◽  
Laura ET Swan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Somali Refugee ◽  
Mixed Gender

Background: Refugee youth often face numerous adversities before and during forced migration. Although experiences vary across settings and subpopulations, common mental disorders are prevalent among refugee youth who are displaced in low- and middle-income countries. It is important to examine how risk factors are intricately linked and contribute to common mental health issues to inform clinical practice and social policy. Aims: This study aims to test the pathways from risk factors previously identified as determinants of Somali refugee youth mental health (i.e. trauma exposure, substance use, social functioning, aggression) to symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic pains. Method: We collected survey data in 2013, using snowball sampling to recruit Somali refugee youth (15–35 years old) living in Eastleigh, Kenya. We ran three structural equation models to assess paths from trauma exposure to mental health symptoms, through psychosocial factors including substance use, aggression, and functional impairment. We first conducted this analysis with a mixed-gender sample ( N = 305) and then assessed gender differences by running one model for male participants ( n = 124) and another for female participants ( n = 181). Results: In the mixed-gender sample, trauma exposure directly predicted substance use and both directly and indirectly predicted aggression, functional impairment, and mental health symptoms. Substance use directly predicted aggression and functional impairment, and substance use both directly and indirectly predicted mental health symptoms. The split-gender models revealed gender differences, with only functional impairment directly predicting mental health symptoms in the male sample and with many significant direct and indirect pathways in the female sample. Conclusions: This study shows the role of trauma exposure, substance use, aggression, and social functioning in determining mental health outcomes among refugee youth and how CMD symptoms are differently manifested across genders in this population.

scholarly journals Differences in Trait Mindfulness Across Mental Health Symptoms Among Adults in Substance Use Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
Hope Brasfield ◽  
Scott Anderson ◽  
Gregory L. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms
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