scholarly journals Diversity and Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacterial Symbionts in Three Whitefly Species from Southeast Europe

Insects ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Skaljac ◽  
Surapathrudu Kanakala ◽  
Katja Zanic ◽  
Jasna Puizina ◽  
Ivana Lepen Pleic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Southeast Europe

scholarly journals Sequence of a Coxiella endosymbiont of the tick Amblyomma nuttalli suggests a pattern of convergent genome reduction in the Coxiella genus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Nardi ◽  
Emanuela Olivieri ◽  
Edward Kariuki ◽  
Davide Sassera ◽  
Michele Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genome Reduction ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Genus One

Abstract Ticks require bacterial symbionts for the provision of necessary compounds that are absent in their hematophagous diet. Such symbionts are frequently vertically transmitted and, most commonly, belong to the Coxiella genus, which also includes the human pathogen Coxiella burnetii. This genus can be divided in four main clades, presenting partial but incomplete co-cladogenesis with the tick hosts. Here we report the genome sequence of a novel Coxiella, endosymbiont of the African tick Amblyomma nuttalli, and the ensuing comparative analyses. Its size (~1 Mb) is intermediate between symbionts of Rhipicephalus species and other Amblyomma species. Phylogenetic analyses show that the novel sequence is the first genome of the B clade, the only one for which no genomes were previously available. Accordingly, it allows to draw an enhanced scenario of the evolution of the genus, one of parallel genome reduction of different endosymbiont lineages, which are now at different stages of reduction from a more versatile ancestor. Gene content comparison allows to infer that the ancestor could be reminiscent of Coxiella burnetii. Interestingly, the convergent loss of mismatch repair could have been a major driver of such reductive evolution. Predicted metabolic profiles are rather homogenous among Coxiella endosymbionts, in particular vitamin biosynthesis, consistently with a host-supportive role. Concurrently, similarities among Coxiella endosymbionts according to host genus and despite phylogenetic unrelatedness hint at possible host-dependent effects.

scholarly journals Fidelity varies in the symbiosis between a gutless marine worm and its microbial consortium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Sato ◽  
Juliane Wippler ◽  
Cecilia Wentrup ◽  
Rebecca Ansorge ◽  
Miriam Sadowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIn obligate symbioses, partner fidelity plays a central role in maintaining the stability of the association across multiple host generations. Fidelity has been well studied in hosts with a very restricted diversity of symbionts, but little is known about how fidelity is maintained in hosts with multiple co-occurring symbionts. The marine annelid Olavius algarvensis lives in an obligate association with at least five co-occurring bacterial symbionts that are inherited vertically. The symbionts so efficiently supply their hosts with nutrition that these worms have completely reduced their mouth and digestive tract. Here, we investigated partner fidelity in the O. algarvensis symbiosis by sequencing the metagenomes of 80 host individuals from two mitochondrial lineages and two locations in the Mediterranean. Comparative phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and symbiont genotypes based on single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed high fidelity for the primary symbiont that dominated the microbial consortium of all 80 O. algarvensis individuals. In contrast, the secondary symbionts of O. algarvensis, which occurred in lower abundance and were not always present in all host individuals, showed only intermediate to low fidelity. We hypothesize that harbouring symbionts with variable levels of fidelity ensures faithful transmission of the most abundant and nutritionally important symbiont, while flexibility in the acquisition of secondary symbionts enhances genetic exchange and retains ecological and evolutionary adaptability.

scholarly journals Molecular and Ecological Evidence for Species Specificity and Coevolution in a Group of Marine Algal-Bacterial Symbioses

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3024-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon B. Ashen ◽  
Lynda J. Goff
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Whole Cell

ABSTRACT The phylogenetic relationships of bacterial symbionts from three gall-bearing species in the marine red algal genusPrionitis (Rhodophyta) were inferred from 16S rDNA sequence analysis and compared to host phylogeny also inferred from sequence comparisons (nuclear ribosomal internal-transcribed-spacer region). Gall formation has been described previously on two species ofPrionitis, P. lanceolata (from central California) and P. decipiens (from Peru). This investigation reports gall formation on a third related host,Prionitis filiformis. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence comparisons place the bacteria as a single lineage within theRoseobacter grouping of the α subclass of the divisionProteobacteria (99.4 to 98.25% sequence identity among phylotypes). Comparison of symbiont and host molecular phylogenies confirms the presence of three gall-bearing algal lineages and is consistent with the hypothesis that these red seaweeds and their bacterial symbionts are coevolving. The species specificity of these associations was investigated in nature by whole-cell hybridization of gall bacteria and in the laboratory by using cross-inoculation trials. Whole-cell in situ hybridization confirmed that a single bacterial symbiont phylotype is present in galls on each host. In laboratory trials, bacterial symbionts were incapable of inducing galls on alternate hosts (including two non-gall-bearing species). Symbiont-host specificity in Prionitis gall formation indicates an effective ecological separation between these closely related symbiont phylotypes and provides an example of a biological context in which to consider the organismic significance of 16S rDNA sequence variation.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and distribution of Y-chromosomal haplotypes in domestic, ancient and wild goats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaäc J. Nijman ◽  
Benjamin D. Rosen ◽  
Zhuqing Zheng ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Tristan Cumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Population History ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Kasp Assay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractThe male-specific part of the Y-chromosome is in mammalian and many other species the longest haplotype that is inherited without recombination. By its paternal transmission it has a small effective population size in species with dominant males. In several species, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and introgression. Previous studies have identified in domestic goats four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B with a marked geographic differentiation and several regional variants. In this study we used published whole-genome sequences of 70 male goats from 16 modern breeds, 11 ancient-DNA samples and 29 samples from seven wild goat species. We identified single-copy male-specific SNPs in four scaffolds, containing SRY, ZFY, DBY with SSX3Y and UTY, and USP9Y with UMN2001, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated haplogroups corresponding to the haplotypes Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, but Y1A was split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All haplogroups were detected in ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe and, with the exception of Y1AB, in the bezoar goat, which is the wild ancestor of the domestic goats. Combining these data with those of previous studies and with genotypes obtained by Sanger sequencing or the KASP assay yielded haplogroup distributions for 132 domestic breeds or populations. The phylogeographic differentiation indicated paternal population bottlenecks on all three continents. This possibly occurred during the Neolithic introductions of domestic goats to those continents with a particularly strong influence in Europe along the Danubian route. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal haplotype for the reconstructing the history of mammalian species with a wide geographic range.

scholarly journals Endosymbiont Capture, a Repeated Process of Endosymbiont Transfer with Replacement in Trypanosomatids Angomonas spp.

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Tomáš Skalický ◽  
João M. P. Alves ◽  
Anderson C. Morais ◽  
Jana Režnarová ◽  
Anzhelika Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Trypanosomatids of the subfamily Strigomonadinae bear permanent intracellular bacterial symbionts acquired by the common ancestor of these flagellates. However, the cospeciation pattern inherent to such relationships was revealed to be broken upon the description of Angomonas ambiguus, which is sister to A. desouzai, but bears an endosymbiont genetically close to that of A. deanei. Based on phylogenetic inferences, it was proposed that the bacterium from A. deanei had been horizontally transferred to A. ambiguus. Here, we sequenced the bacterial genomes from two A. ambiguus isolates, including a new one from Papua New Guinea, and compared them with the published genome of the A. deanei endosymbiont, revealing differences below the interspecific level. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the endosymbionts of A. ambiguus were obtained from A. deanei and, in addition, demonstrated that this occurred more than once. We propose that coinfection of the same blowfly host and the phylogenetic relatedness of the trypanosomatids facilitate such transitions, whereas the drastic difference in the occurrence of the two trypanosomatid species determines the observed direction of this process. This phenomenon is analogous to organelle (mitochondrion/plastid) capture described in multicellular organisms and, thereafter, we name it endosymbiont capture.

Metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity of Sideritis species growing in southeast europe

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Papaefstathiou ◽  
N Aligiannis ◽  
N Fokialakis ◽  
L Skaltsounis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Southeast Europe

Proposal for Refugee Housing in Southeast Europe Utilizing Regionally Appropriate, Sustainable, and Affordable Construction Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Cicevic ◽  
Sarah Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Housing Unit ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Emergency Housing ◽  
Communal Housing ◽  
Construction Model

This research focuses on the emergency-housing demand caused by the on-going refugee crisis in Southeastern Europe. The research and proposed solutions focus on Northern Serbia, as this region generally lacks permanent housing solutions for accommodating the increasing influx of immigrants. The outcome of this research is an architectural proposal for the refugee housing unit designed particularly for the situational factors of this focus region.    The study identifies earth architecture as the primary building technique, due to its ability to satisfy a range of defined end-product goals.  These goals include: the sustainability of the material, quality and durability of the final product, skill level required for non-professional construction, final cost of material and execution, historical regional precedent, and opportunity for communal engagement of the immigrant population. The proposed architectural design uses earth-bag construction as the sub-method most suitable for this location and in keeping with the goals outlined above. The proposed housing unit is a singular component that could be duplicated to create larger communal housing communities.  A broad overview of possible solutions is included, followed by the development of the earth-bag construction option. The development of this proposal includes material studies, sketches, and an architectural model as representation tools. The outcomes of this research serve as a guideline, rather than a precise construction model, in creating much needed refugee housing communities in North Serbia.      

Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae), a new myxosporean infecting the gallbladder of threadfin sea catfish Arius arius in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
A Chandran ◽  
PU Zacharia ◽  
TV Sathianandan ◽  
NK Sanil
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
A New Species

The present study describes a new species of myxosporean, Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov., infecting the gallbladder of the threadfin sea catfish Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822). E. ariusi sp. nov. is characterized by bivalvular, ellipsoid or elongate-oval myxospores with smooth spore valves and a straight suture, arranged at an angle to the longitudinal spore axis. Mature myxospores measured 10.1 ± 0.8 µm in length, 6.8 ± 0.5 µm in width and 7.7 ± 0.7 µm in thickness. Polar capsules are equal in size and oval to pyriform in shape. They are positioned at an angle to the longitudinal myxospore axis and open in opposite directions. Polar capsules measured 2.8 ± 0.3 µm in length and 2.5 ± 0.4 µm in width; polar filaments formed 4-5 coils, and extended to 32.2 ± 2.1 µm in length. Monosporic and disporic plasmodial stages attached to the wall of gallbladder. Molecular analysis of the type specimen generated a 1703 bp partial SSU rDNA sequence (MN892546), which was identical to the isolates from 3 other locations. In phylogenetic analyses, genus Ellipsomyxa appeared monophyletic and E. ariusi sp. nov. occupied an independent position in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees with high bootstrap values. The overall prevalence of infection was 54.8% and multiway ANOVA revealed that it varied significantly with location, year, season, sex and size of the fish host. Histopathological changes associated with E. ariusi sp. nov. infection included swelling, vacuolation and detachment of epithelial layer, reduced mucus production and altered consistency and colour of bile. Based on the morphologic, morphometric and molecular differences with known species of Ellipsomyxa, and considering differences in host and geographic locations, the present species is treated as new and the name Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. is proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document