scholarly journals Endosymbiont Capture, a Repeated Process of Endosymbiont Transfer with Replacement in Trypanosomatids Angomonas spp.

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Tomáš Skalický ◽  
João M. P. Alves ◽  
Anderson C. Morais ◽  
Jana Režnarová ◽  
Anzhelika Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Trypanosomatids of the subfamily Strigomonadinae bear permanent intracellular bacterial symbionts acquired by the common ancestor of these flagellates. However, the cospeciation pattern inherent to such relationships was revealed to be broken upon the description of Angomonas ambiguus, which is sister to A. desouzai, but bears an endosymbiont genetically close to that of A. deanei. Based on phylogenetic inferences, it was proposed that the bacterium from A. deanei had been horizontally transferred to A. ambiguus. Here, we sequenced the bacterial genomes from two A. ambiguus isolates, including a new one from Papua New Guinea, and compared them with the published genome of the A. deanei endosymbiont, revealing differences below the interspecific level. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the endosymbionts of A. ambiguus were obtained from A. deanei and, in addition, demonstrated that this occurred more than once. We propose that coinfection of the same blowfly host and the phylogenetic relatedness of the trypanosomatids facilitate such transitions, whereas the drastic difference in the occurrence of the two trypanosomatid species determines the observed direction of this process. This phenomenon is analogous to organelle (mitochondrion/plastid) capture described in multicellular organisms and, thereafter, we name it endosymbiont capture.

Tree kangaroo molecular systematics based on partial cytochrome b sequences: are Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) and Goodfellow's tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. McGreevy ◽  
Lisa Dabek ◽  
Thomas P. Husband
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Identification Of Species

New Guinea tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.) are unique arboreal macropodid marsupials mainly listed as critically endangered or endangered. The molecular systematics of Dendrolagus has not been fully resolved and is critical for the accurate identification of species and their evolutionary relationships. Matschie’s tree kangaroo (D. matschiei) and Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) share numerous morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits. We analysed the partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene for D. matschiei (n = 67), D. g. buergersi (n = 8), D. goodfellowi unidentified ssp. (n = 8), golden-mantled tree kangaroo (D. g. pulcherrimus; n = 1), and two additional New Guinea Dendrolagus taxa to determine whether D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi are sister taxa. D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi were not placed as sister taxa in our phylogenetic analyses; however, we were unable to analyse a known sample from a D. g. goodfellowi. We found initial genetic evidence that D. matschiei and the Lowland tree kangaroo (D. spadix) are sister taxa – they may have diverged after the formation of the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. Our results also support the elevation of D. g. pulcherrimus to a full species. An improved understanding of Dendrolagus molecular systematics will contribute substantially to their conservation.

scholarly journals Placenta-Specific Protein 1 Is Conserved throughout the Placentalia under Purifying Selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Devor
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
The Common

Placental mammals (Placentalia) are a very successful group that, today, comprise 94% of all mammalian species. Recent phylogenetic analyses, coupled with new, quite complete fossils, suggest that the crown orders were all established rapidly from a common ancestor just after the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago. Extensive molecular and morphologic evidence has led to a description of the common ancestor of all Placentalia in which a two-horned uterus and a hemochorial placenta are present. Thus, the process of placentation in which the placenta invades and anchors to the uterine epithelium was already established. One factor that has been suggested as a crucial component of this process is placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1). A phylogenetic analysis of the PLAC1 protein in 25 placental mammal species, representing nine of the sixteen crown orders of the Placentalia, suggests that this protein was present in the placental common ancestor in the form we see it today, that it evolved in the Placentalia and has been subject to the effects of purifying selection since its appearance.

scholarly journals A new species of squat lobster of the genus Hendersonida (Crustacea, Decapoda, Munididae) from Papua New Guinea

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula C. RodrÍguez-Flores ◽  
Enrique Macpherson ◽  
Annie Machordom
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Squat Lobster ◽  
A New Species

Hendersonida parvirostrissp. nov. is described from Papua New Guinea. The new species can be distinguished from the only other species of the genus, H. granulata (Henderson, 1885), by the fewer spines on the dorsal carapace surface, the shape of the rostrum and supraocular spines, the antennal peduncles, and the length of the walking legs. Pairwise genetic distances estimated using the 16S rRNA and COI DNA gene fragments indicated high levels of sequence divergence between the new species and H. granulata. Phylogenetic analyses, however, recovered both species as sister species, supporting monophyly of the genus.

LTR sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a newly discovered variant of HTLV-I isolated from the Hagahai of Papua New Guinea

Virology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin K. Saksena ◽  
Michael P. Sherman ◽  
Richard Yanagihara ◽  
Dipak K. Dube ◽  
Bernard J. Poiesz
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea

scholarly journals The Common Ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya Was Not an Archaeon

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Forterre
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Origin Of Eukaryotes ◽  
Archaeal Ancestor ◽  
Selection Of

It is often assumed that eukarya originated from archaea. This view has been recently supported by phylogenetic analyses in which eukarya are nested within archaea. Here, I argue that these analyses are not reliable, and I critically discuss archaeal ancestor scenarios, as well as fusion scenarios for the origin of eukaryotes. Based on recognized evolutionary trends toward reduction in archaea and toward complexity in eukarya, I suggest that their last common ancestor was more complex than modern archaea but simpler than modern eukaryotes (the bug in-between scenario). I propose that the ancestors of archaea (and bacteria) escaped protoeukaryotic predators by invading high temperature biotopes, triggering their reductive evolution toward the “prokaryotic” phenotype (the thermoreduction hypothesis). Intriguingly, whereas archaea and eukarya share many basic features at the molecular level, the archaeal mobilome resembles more the bacterial than the eukaryotic one. I suggest that selection of different parts of the ancestral virosphere at the onset of the three domains played a critical role in shaping their respective biology. Eukarya probably evolved toward complexity with the help of retroviruses and large DNA viruses, whereas similar selection pressure (thermoreduction) could explain why the archaeal and bacterial mobilomes somehow resemble each other.

scholarly journals The molecular evolution of Dabie bandavirus (Phenuiviridae: Bandavirus: Dabie bandavirus), the agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

2022 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
T. E. Sizikova ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
S. V. Borisevich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Severe Fever

Since the Dabie bandavirus (DBV; former SFTS virus, SFTSV) was identified, the epidemics of severe fever with thrombocytopenic syndrome (SFTS) caused by this virus have occurred in several countries in East Asia. The rapid increase in incidence indicates that this infectious agent has a pandemic potential and poses an imminent global public health threat.The analysis of molecular evolution of SFTS agent that includes its variants isolated in China, Japan and South Korea was performed in this review. The evolution rate of DBV and the estimated dates of existence of the common ancestor were ascertained, and the possibility of reassortation was demonstrated.The evolutionary rates of DBV genome segments were estimated to be 2.28 × 10-4 nucleotides/site/year for S-segment, 2.42 × 10-4 for M-segment, and 1.19 × 10-4 for L-segment. The positions of positive selection were detected in the viral genome.Phylogenetic analyses showed that virus may be divided into two clades, containing six different genotypes. The structures of phylogenetic trees for S-, M- and L-segments showed that all genotypes originate from the common ancestor.Data of sequence analysis suggest that DBV use several mechanisms to maintain the high level of its genetic diversity. Understanding the phylogenetic factors that determine the virus transmission is important for assessing the epidemiological characteristics of the disease and predicting its possible outbreaks.

scholarly journals Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Fedosov ◽  
Peter Stahlschmidt ◽  
Nicolas Puillandre ◽  
Laetitia Aznar-Cormano ◽  
Philippe Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Characteristic Colour

The small conoidean Hemilienardia ocellata is one of the easily recognizable Indo-Pacific “turrids”, primarily because of its remarkable eyespot colour pattern. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed four species that share this “characteristic” colour pattern but demonstrate consistent differences in size and shell proportions. Three new species – Hemilienardia acinonyx sp. nov. from the Philippines, H. lynx sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and H. pardus sp. nov. from the Society and Loyalty Islands – are described based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. Although the H. ocellata species complex clade falls in a monophyletic Hemilienardia, H. ocellata and H. acinonyx sp. nov. possess a radula with semi-enrolled or notably flattened triangular marginal teeth, a condition that diverges substantially from the standard radular morphology of Hemilienardia and other raphitomids.

scholarly journals The Remarkable Conservation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)-Binding Protein in the Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Dates the CRH System to a Common Ancestor of Insects and Vertebrates

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 2165-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O. Huising ◽  
Gert Flik
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Common ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Crh Receptors

Abstract CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) is a key factor in the regulation of CRH signaling; it modulates the bioactivity and bioavailability of CRH and its related peptides. The conservation of CRH-BP throughout vertebrates was only recently demonstrated. Here we report the presence of CRH-BP in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and other insects. Honeybee CRH-BP resembles previously characterized vertebrate CRH-BP sequences with respect to conserved cysteine residues, gene organization, and overall sequence identity. Phylogenetic analyses confirm the unambiguous orthology of insect and vertebrate CRH-BP sequences. Soon after their discovery, it was noted that insect diuretic hormone-I (DH-I) and its receptor share similarities with the vertebrate CRH family and their receptors. Despite these similarities, demonstration of common ancestry of DH-I and the vertebrate CRH family is still speculative: the mature neuropeptides are short, and their genes differ substantially with regard to the number of coding exons. Moreover, DH and CRH receptors belong to the much larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. In contrast, the unique and conspicuous features of CRH-BP greatly facilitate the establishment of orthology over much larger evolutionary distances. The identification of CRH-BP in insects clearly indicates that this gene predates vertebrates by at least several hundred million years. Moreover, our findings imply that a CRH system is shared by insects and vertebrates alike and, consequently, that it has been present at least since the common ancestor to both phylogenetic lines of proto- and deuterostomians.

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