scholarly journals Similar Comparative Low and High Doses of Deltamethrin and Acetamiprid Differently Impair the Retrieval of the Proboscis Extension Reflex in the Forager Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)

Insects ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steeve Thany ◽  
Céline Bourdin ◽  
Jérôme Graton ◽  
Adèle Laurent ◽  
Monique Mathé-Allainmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
High Doses

scholarly journals Proboscis Extension Reflex in Apis mellifera [Honeybee] with Only One Antenna

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zilong Wang ◽  
Zhijiang Zeng ◽  
Shaowu Zhang ◽  
Runsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Proboscis Extension

scholarly journals Effect of Immune Inducers on Nosema ceranae Multiplication and Their Impact on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Survivorship and Behaviors

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Valizadeh ◽  
Ernesto Guzman-Novoa ◽  
Paul H. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Pollen Foraging ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Nosema Disease

Nosema disease is a major disease of honey bees caused by two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and N. ceranae. Current control involves using antibiotics, which is undesirable because of possible antibiotic resistance and contamination. In this study, flagellin, zymosan, chitosan, and peptidoglycan were investigated as alternatives for controlling N. ceranae infections and for their effect on bee survivorship and behaviors. Chitosan and peptidoglycan significantly reduced the infection, and significantly increased survivorship of infected bees, with chitosan being more effective. However, neither compound altered the bees’ hygienic behavior, which was also not affected by the infection. Chitosan significantly increased pollen foraging and both compounds significantly increased non-pollen foraging compared to healthy and infected bees. Memory retention, evaluated with the proboscis extension reflex assay, was temporarily impaired by chitosan but was not affected by peptidoglycan, nor was it affected by N. ceranae infection compared to the non-infected bees. This study indicates that chitosan and peptidoglycan provide benefits by partially reducing N. ceranae spore numbers while increasing survivorship compared to N. ceranae infected bees. Also, chitosan and peptidoglycan improved aspects of foraging behavior even more than in healthy bees, showing that they may act as stimulators of important honey bee behaviors.

scholarly journals Lateralization of visual learning in the honeybee

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Letzkus ◽  
Norbert Boeddeker ◽  
Jeff T Wood ◽  
Shao-Wu Zhang ◽  
Mandyam V Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Proboscis Extension

Lateralization is a well-described phenomenon in humans and other vertebrates and there are interesting parallels across a variety of different vertebrate species. However, there are only a few studies of lateralization in invertebrates. In a recent report, we showed lateralization of olfactory learning in the honeybee ( Apis mellifera ). Here, we investigate lateralization of another sensory modality, vision. By training honeybees on a modified version of a visual proboscis extension reflex task, we find that bees learn a colour stimulus better with their right eye.

A Rapid Bioassay for Detection of Adulterated Beeswax

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo S. Aquino ◽  
Charles I. Abramson ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Initial Component ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Comprehensive Program ◽  
Rapid Bioassay ◽  
Proboscis Extension

Proboscis extension was used to test the ability of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to detect beeswax adulterated with carnauba wax (Copernicia cerifera Arruda Camara). Subjects were exposed to either 100% beeswax (honeycomb) (e.g., no carnauba wax), 100% beeswax (melted) (e.g., as commercial beeswax cake), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% beeswax/carnauba mixtures, 0% beeswax (i.e., 100% carnauba wax), or unscented air. Maximum responding was observed in bees exposed to the scent of honey comb or melted beeswax cake. The addition of as little as 10% carnauba wax was readily detected and resulted in reduced proboscis extensions. Few proboscis extensions occurred to bees exposed to unscented air or 100% carnauba wax. The results indicate that the proboscis extension reflex can be used as a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable bioassay for the detection of adulterated beeswax. The bioassay will be useful in developing countries where chemical and physical methods are unavailable for detecting adulterated beeswax and can serve as an initial component in a comprehensive program of adulteration detection. An equation that predicts the probability of a proboscis response given the percent of adulterated wax is presented.

Classical Conditioning of Proboscis Extension in Harnessed Africanized Honey Bee Queens (Apis Mellifera L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo S. Aquino ◽  
Charles I. Abramson ◽  
Ademilson E. E. Soares ◽  
Andrea Cardoso Fernandes ◽  
Danny Benbassat
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
Honey Bee Queens ◽  
Honey Bee Workers

Experiments are reported on learning in virgin Africanized honey bee queens ( Apis mellifera L.). Queens restrained in a “Pavlovian harness” received a pairing of hexanal odor with a 1.8-M feeding of sucrose solution. Compared to explicitly unpaired controls, acquisition was rapid in reaching about 90%. Acquisition was also rapid in queens receiving an unconditioned stimulus of “bee candy” or an unconditioned stimulus administered by worker bees. During extinction the conditioned response declines. The steepest decline was observed in queens receiving an unconditioned stimulus of bee candy. These findings extend previous work on learning of Africanized honey bee workers to a population of queen bees.

Sensory preconditioning in honeybees

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Muller ◽  
B. Gerber ◽  
F. Hellstern ◽  
M. Hammer ◽  
R. Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Sensory Preconditioning ◽  
Proboscis Extension Reflex ◽  
Single Presentation ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
Unpaired Presentation ◽  
Additional Explanation

Sensory preconditioning means that reinforcement of stimulus A after unreinforced exposure to a compound AB also leads to responses to stimulus B. Here, we describe and analyze sensory preconditioning in an insect, the honeybee Apis mellifera. Using two-element odorant compounds in classical conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex, we found (i) that sensory preconditioning is not due to stimulus generalization, (ii) that paired, but not unpaired, presentation of elements supports sensory preconditioning, (iii) that simultaneous, but not sequential, exposure to the elements of the compound supports sensory preconditioning and (iv) that a single presentation of the compound yields maximal sensory preconditioning. The results are discussed with respect to configural and chain-like associative explanations for sensory preconditioning. We suggest an experience-dependent step of compound processing, establishing configural units, as an additional explanation for sensory preconditioning.

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