scholarly journals Patterns of Occurrence and Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Algarve (Portugal) Using Different Isolation Methods

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero ◽  
Rubén Blanco-Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Vicente-Díez ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez Martín ◽  
Lídia Dionísio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Soil Baiting ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
South Portugal ◽  
Soil Dilution

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are distributed in natural and agricultural soils worldwide. To investigate EPF occurrence in different botanical habitats and soil-ecoregions, we surveyed 50 georeferenced localities in the spring of 2016 across the Algarve region (South Portugal). Additionally, we compared three EPF isolation methods: insect baiting in untreated or pre-dried-soil and soil dilution plating on a selective medium. We hypothesized that forest habitats (oak and pine semi-natural areas) and the acidic soil ecoregion may favor EPF occurrence. Overall, EPF species were present in 68% of sites, widely distributed throughout the Algarve. The use of selective media resulted in higher recovery of EPF than did either soil-baiting method. Contrary to our hypothesis, neither vegetation type nor ecoregion appeared to influence EPF occurrence. Traditional and molecular methods confirmed the presence of five EPF species. Beauveria bassiana (34% of sites), was the most frequently detected EPF, using pre-dried soil baiting and soil dilution methods. However, baiting untreated soil recovered Fusarium solani more frequently (26% of sites), demonstrating the utility of using multiple isolation methods. We also found Fusarium oxysporum, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium anisopliae in 14%, 8% and 2% of the sites, respectively. Three abiotic variables (pH, soil organic matter and Mg) explained 96% of the variability of the entomopathogen community (EPF and entomopathogenic nematodes) in a canonical correspondence analysis, confirming the congruence of the soil properties that drive the assemblage of both entomopathogens. This study expands the knowledge of EPF distribution in natural and cultivated Mediterranean habitats.

Isolation of Potential Alkaliphilic Cellulase-Producer Strains from Limestone Area of Perlis

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
Nor’izzah Zainuddin ◽  
Khadijah Hanim Abd Rahman ◽  
Abdul Razak Shaari ◽  
Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Selective Medium ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cellulolytic Fungi ◽  
The Future ◽  
Alkaline Cellulase ◽  
Dilution Plate Method ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Producer Strains

Alkaliphilic cellulases-producer fungi were isolated from soil of limestone areas in Perlis. The potential strain was isolated by soil dilution plate method on enriched selective medium using CMC as substrate at different pH levels. Eleven isolates of different morphological colonies were screened using the hydrolysis capacity test by Gram’s iodine. Out of eleven colonies, five showed positive results as the hydrolysis zone formed. BK1 showed the highest hydrolysis capacity among all sample strains for every pH levels. Eventually, four strains were selected to be further explored as cellulolytic fungi for the production of alkaline cellulase in the future.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from India

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman ◽  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Aasha ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Soil Baiting ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Summary A redescription of Distolabrellus veechi (Rhabditida: Mesorhabditidae) from agricultural soils in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India, is provided. Specimens were extracted from soil using the Galleria soil baiting technique, with two strains of nematodes named JP1 and JP2 being obtained. Morphological and morphometric studies on the species agree well with previous records. Molecular analyses are provided using 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences, the ITS sequences being obtained for the first time in this species. These analyses show that the material examined agrees well with previously studied populations. Phylogenetic analyses showed Distolabrellus to be the sister group of Crustorhabditis and Teratorhabditis, all having the male spicules fused for more than 50% of their length. Illustrations and phylogenetic trees based on 18S, 28S and ITS rRNA sequences are provided.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrients Effects on the Performance of Durum Wheat Inoculated with Entomopathogenic Fungi

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Adrián González-Guzmán ◽  
Daniel Sacristán ◽  
Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Vidal Barrón ◽  
José Torrent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Fungal Inoculation

Entomopathogenic fungi (EFs) are widely used as biological control agents. However, some strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum can also promote plant growth and increase nutrient uptake. We examined the effects of soil properties on the performance of Triticum durum inoculated by seed dressing with these EFs and grown on 12 agricultural soils. The plants were supplied with all nutrients except P and Zn (essential for yield and the grain quality of wheat). Fungal inoculation increased the grain yield and harvest index significantly with B. bassiana (17% and 14%, respectively) but not with M. brunneum (6% and 6%, respectively). The increase in grain yield was positively and moderately correlated with the soil available phosphorus (POlsen) in plants inoculated with B. bassiana and with the soil content in poorly crystalline Fe oxides with M. brunneum. In addition, the increase in aerial dry matter resulting from inoculation with B. bassiana was negatively correlated with soil available Zn. Furthermore, the observed increase in grain yields due to fungal inoculation resulted in P and Zn grain dilution (grain nutrient concentrations decrease). Inoculation with B. bassiana increased grain Zn uptake and the proportion of Zn in grain relative to that in aerial dry matter. Success in the mutualistic relationship between EF and wheat plants depends on the fungal strain and soil properties.

scholarly journals Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum , a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
M. Rollán ◽  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
N. Arteta ◽  
D. Bayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Soil Dilution

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping.Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum . Imazamox had no effect at any concentration.Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum . Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYU SAFITRI ◽  
SITI HERLINDA ◽  
ARUM SETIAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.

Improved selective medium for isolating Cylindrocladium crotalariae microsclerotia from naturally infested soils

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Soil Dilution

Reduced development of fusaria and other undesired fungi, and improved recognition of Cylindrocladium crotalariae colonies on soil-dilution plates were accomplished by supplementing a previously used medium (sucrose–TBZ medium) with three quaternary ammonium compounds, replacing peptone with tyrosine, and increasing the concentration of sucrose to yield a water potential of −10 bars. These changes eliminated the need to treat soil with NaClO to control undesired fungi. The new medium, designated sucrose–QT medium, allowed increased recovery of C. crotalariae microsclerotia from all 16 naturally infested soils tested.

A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE ISOLATION OF FUNGI FROM RHIZOSPHERES

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Parkinson ◽  
A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Dwarf Bean ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

A comparison was made between the fungi isolated from non-rhizosphere soil and from rhizosphere soil of mature dwarf bean plants by three methods of isolation: soil dilution plating, soil plating, and soil washing followed by the plating of washed soil particles. The data obtained with rhizosphere soil demonstrated that the use of the soil-washing technique allowed an increased frequency of isolation of sterile forms, Fusarium spp., and members of the Mucorales, whereas heavily sporing forms were isolated with decreased frequency. It is concluded that, compared with other isolation methods, the soil-washing technique allows a more accurate assessment of fungi active in the rhizosphere.

Shifts in community composition provide a mechanism for maintenance of activity of soil yeasts in the presence of elevated copper levels

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cornelissen ◽  
A Botha ◽  
W J Conradie ◽  
G M Wolfaardt
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Basidiomycetous Yeasts ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Soil Dilution

Soil dilution plates were prepared from different soil samples using a solid synthetic selective medium containing (i) glucose as carbon source, (ii) thymine as nitrogen source, (iii) vitamins, (iv) minerals, and (v) chloramphenicol as antibacterial agent. Using the Diazonium Blue B colour reaction, it was found that both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts were able to grow on this medium. Subsequently, the medium was used to enumerate yeasts in soil microcosms prepared from four different soil samples, which were experimentally treated with the fungicide copper oxychloride, resulting in copper (Cu) concentrations of up to 1000 ppm. The selective medium supplemented with 32 ppm of Cu was used to enumerate Cu-resistant yeasts in the microcosms. The results showed that the addition of Cu at concentrations [Formula: see text]~1000 ppm did not have a significant effect on total number of yeasts in the soil. Furthermore, it was found that Cu-resistant yeasts were present in all the soil samples, regardless of the amount of Cu that the soil was challenged with. At the end of the incubation period, yeasts in the microcosms with zero and ~1000 ppm of additional Cu were enumerated, isolated, and identified with sequence analyses of the D1/D2 600–650 bp region of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA. Hymenomycetous species dominated in the control soil, while higher numbers of the urediniomycetous species were found in the soil that received Cu. These observations suggest that urediniomycetous yeasts may play an important role in re-establishing overall microbial activity in soils, following perturbations, such as the addition of Cu-based fungicides.Key words: copper, heavy metals, soil, yeasts.

Specific diversity of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria and Metarhizium in Mexican agricultural soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor H. Pérez-González ◽  
Ariel W. Guzmán-Franco ◽  
Raquel Alatorre-Rosas ◽  
Jorge Hernández-López ◽  
Antonio Hernández-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils
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