scholarly journals Variation in Performance and Resistance to Parasitism of Plutella xylostella Populations

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Rieta Gols ◽  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Jeffrey A. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Two major ecological factors determine the fitness of an insect herbivore: the ability to overcome plant resistance strategies (bottom-up effects) and the ability to avoid or resist attack by natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids (top-down effects). In response to differences in selection pressure, variation may exist in host-plant adaptation and immunity against parasitism among populations of an insect herbivore. We investigated the variation in larval performance of six different Plutella xylostella populations originating from four continents when feeding on a native Dutch plant species, Brassica rapa. One of the used populations has successfully switched its host plant, and is now adapted to pea. In addition, we determined the resistance to attack by the endoparasitoid Diadegma semiclausum originating from the Netherlands (where it is also native) and measured parasitoid performance as a proxy for host resistance against parasitism. Pupal mortality, immature development times, and adult biomass of P. xylostella differed significantly across populations when feeding on the same host plant species. In addition, parasitism success differed in terms of parasitoid adult emergence and their biomass, but not their development times. Variation among natural populations of insects should be considered more when studying interactions between plants and insects up the food chain.

scholarly journals Grape variety affects larval performance and also female reproductive performance of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moreau ◽  
B. Benrey ◽  
D. Thiéry
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
European Grapevine Moth ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Fitness Index ◽  
Grapevine Moth

AbstractFor insect herbivores, the quality of the larval host plant is a key determinant of fitness. Therefore, insect populations are supposed to be positively correlated with the nutritional quality of their host plant. This study aimed to determine if and how different varieties of grapes (including the wild grape Lambrusque) affect both larval and adult performance of the polyphagous European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). Significant differences were found in larval development time, but not in pupal mass, adult emergence rate, or sex ratio. Although the fecundity of females is not different among varieties, females fed on some varieties produced eggs of different sizes which are correlated to their fertility. Thus, females adapt resource allocation to eggs depending on their diet as larvae. Using a fitness index, the average reproductive output was found to be highest for females reared on cv. Chardonnay. Females reared on wild grape produced a fitness index identical to the cultivated grapes. However, Lambrusque and Gewurztraminer separate themselves from the cultivated varieties according to our discriminant analyses. It is emphasized, through this study, that cultivars fed on by larvae should be considered in the population dynamics of L. botrana and that egg number is insufficient to determine host plant quality.

Food-plant effects on larval performance do not translate into differences in fitness between populations of Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Vanbergen ◽  
D.J. Hodgson ◽  
M. Thurlow ◽  
S.E. Hartley ◽  
A.D. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Panolis Flammea

AbstractIn the UK, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller) is a pest of monocultures of non-native lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Douglas, but not of the indigenous host Scots pine P. sylvestrisL. This difference in population dynamics may be due to the adaptation of P. flammea populations to the phenology, chemical composition and natural enemy complement of lodgepole pine. To ascertain if there was local adaptation of P. flammea populations to lodgepole pine, this study tested for improved performance of both larvae and adults on the host plant species from which they were sourced, compared with their performance on the alternative host plant species. No difference was found in the relative mean performance of populations sourced from Scots pine or lodgepole pine plantations, when fed on Scots or lodgepole pine foliage. Larvae grew faster on Scots pine but this difference did not translate into differences in pupal weight, female body weight or fecundity. Indeed, those insects that had fed on lodgepole pine had a longer lifespan than those that had fed on Scots pine, which, if translated into greater probability of mating or higher fecundity, could contribute to the observed outbreak dynamics in the field. The prediction that the observed outbreak dynamics of P. flammea can be explained by the existence of populations locally adapted to lodgepole pine was not supported. These results cast doubt on the use of larval growth parameters as surrogates of fitness in Lepidoptera.

Effect of temperature on the development, oviposition, and mortality of Tribolium audax Halstead and Tribolium madens (Charpentier) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Smith ◽  
P. S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Development Times ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The effect of temperature on development time, oviposition, and mortality of the sibling species Tribolium audax Halstead and Tribolium madens (Charpentier) was investigated in the laboratory. The mean development times of T. madens, not including slow-developing larvae, ranged from 54 days at 25 °C and 75% RH to 24 days at 35 °C and 75% RH. The corresponding mean development times for T. audax were 50.5–27.4 days. At 25 °C and below, the larvae of each species separated into two groups, one continuing to the adult stage and the other entering a resting stage. The resting stage could not be broken by a period of 2 weeks at −5 °C. The slow-developing larvae required 4 to 5 times as long to complete their development as those that developed rapidly. Slow-developing larvae of T. madens that had been at 17.5 °C and 75% RH for 658 days, and of T. audax that had been in the same conditions for 908 days, could complete development when placed at 27.5 °C and 75% RH. Peak oviposition for T. madens occurred at 17 weeks after adult emergence at both 27.5 and 30 °C; the total oviposition period was 47 weeks at 30 °C and 60 weeks at 27.5 °C. Peak oviposition for T. audax occurred at 6 weeks at both 27.5 and 30 °C; the total oviposition period was 36 weeks at 30 °C and 59 weeks at 27.5 °C. Larval and pupal mortality was low at 25 °C or above in T. madens and T. audax. Below 25 °C the survival rate of T. madens was somewhat higher than that for T. audax.

scholarly journals Host Plant-Derived miRNAs Potentially Modulate the Development of a Cosmopolitan Insect Pest, Plutella xylostella

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-ling Zhang ◽  
Xiao-dong Jing ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Jun-han Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Cross

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been reported to be involved in the cross-kingdom regulation of specific cellular and physiological processes in animals. However, little of this phenomenon is known for the communication between host plant and insect herbivore. In this study, the plant-derived miRNAs in the hemolymph of a cruciferous specialist Plutella xylostella were identified by small RNAs sequencing. A total of 39 miRNAs with typical characteristics of plant miRNAs were detected, of which 24 had read counts ≥ 2 in each library. Three plant-derived miRNAs with the highest read counts were validated, and all of them were predicted to target the hemocyanin domains-containing genes of P. xylostella. The luciferase assays in the Drosophila S2 cell demonstrated that miR159a and novel-7703-5p could target BJHSP1 and PPO2 respectively, possibly in an incomplete complementary pairing mode. We further found that treatment with agomir-7703-5p significantly influenced the pupal development and egg-hatching rate when reared on the artificial diet. The developments of both pupae and adults were severely affected upon their transfer to Arabidopsis thaliana, but this might be independent of the cross-kingdom regulation of the three plant-derived miRNAs on their target genes in P. xylostella, based on expression analysis. Taken together, our work reveals that the plant-derived miRNAs could break the barrier of the insect mid-gut to enter the circulatory system, and potentially regulate the development of P. xylostella. Our findings provide new insights into the co-evolution of insect herbivore and host plant, and novel direction for pest control using plant-derived miRNAs.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

The relationship among host plant species, egg clutch size, and level of parasitism for the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (12) ◽  
pp. 900-910
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Virla ◽  
María B. Aguirre ◽  
Guido A. Van Nieuwenhove ◽  
Erica B. Luft Albarracin ◽  
Guillermo A. Logarzo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Relationship
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