The Quantitative Genetics of Polyphagy in an Insect Herbivore. I. Genotype- Environment Interaction in Larval Performance on Different Host Plant Species

Evolution ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Via
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction

scholarly journals Variation in Performance and Resistance to Parasitism of Plutella xylostella Populations

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Rieta Gols ◽  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Jeffrey A. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Two major ecological factors determine the fitness of an insect herbivore: the ability to overcome plant resistance strategies (bottom-up effects) and the ability to avoid or resist attack by natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids (top-down effects). In response to differences in selection pressure, variation may exist in host-plant adaptation and immunity against parasitism among populations of an insect herbivore. We investigated the variation in larval performance of six different Plutella xylostella populations originating from four continents when feeding on a native Dutch plant species, Brassica rapa. One of the used populations has successfully switched its host plant, and is now adapted to pea. In addition, we determined the resistance to attack by the endoparasitoid Diadegma semiclausum originating from the Netherlands (where it is also native) and measured parasitoid performance as a proxy for host resistance against parasitism. Pupal mortality, immature development times, and adult biomass of P. xylostella differed significantly across populations when feeding on the same host plant species. In addition, parasitism success differed in terms of parasitoid adult emergence and their biomass, but not their development times. Variation among natural populations of insects should be considered more when studying interactions between plants and insects up the food chain.

Food-plant effects on larval performance do not translate into differences in fitness between populations of Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Vanbergen ◽  
D.J. Hodgson ◽  
M. Thurlow ◽  
S.E. Hartley ◽  
A.D. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Panolis Flammea

AbstractIn the UK, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller) is a pest of monocultures of non-native lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Douglas, but not of the indigenous host Scots pine P. sylvestrisL. This difference in population dynamics may be due to the adaptation of P. flammea populations to the phenology, chemical composition and natural enemy complement of lodgepole pine. To ascertain if there was local adaptation of P. flammea populations to lodgepole pine, this study tested for improved performance of both larvae and adults on the host plant species from which they were sourced, compared with their performance on the alternative host plant species. No difference was found in the relative mean performance of populations sourced from Scots pine or lodgepole pine plantations, when fed on Scots or lodgepole pine foliage. Larvae grew faster on Scots pine but this difference did not translate into differences in pupal weight, female body weight or fecundity. Indeed, those insects that had fed on lodgepole pine had a longer lifespan than those that had fed on Scots pine, which, if translated into greater probability of mating or higher fecundity, could contribute to the observed outbreak dynamics in the field. The prediction that the observed outbreak dynamics of P. flammea can be explained by the existence of populations locally adapted to lodgepole pine was not supported. These results cast doubt on the use of larval growth parameters as surrogates of fitness in Lepidoptera.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

The relationship among host plant species, egg clutch size, and level of parasitism for the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (12) ◽  
pp. 900-910
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Virla ◽  
María B. Aguirre ◽  
Guido A. Van Nieuwenhove ◽  
Erica B. Luft Albarracin ◽  
Guillermo A. Logarzo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Relationship

Influence of prey size and environmental factors on predation by Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on viburnum leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Paul A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the influence of the relative sizes of predator and prey, temperature, presence of refugia, size of the search area, and host-plant species on the predation performance of Podisus maculiventris (Say) nymphs against viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), a new landscape pest in North America that feeds on the foliage of species of Viburnum L. (Caprifoliaceae). Predator handling time was positively correlated with body mass of the prey for all instars of P. maculiventris, but the rate of increase of handling time relative to prey mass decreased as predator age increased. Temperature was positively correlated with predation rates, but the presence of refugia did not have an impact on predation. The influence of host-plant species and size of the search area was tested on southern arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum L.) and American cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton). There was a significant interaction between plant species and size of the search area, the species effect becoming significant as leaf surface area increased. In the case of southern arrowwood a negative correlation between size of the search area and predation rate was also detected. The identification of these factors adds valuable knowledge for using P. maculiventris as a biological-control agent against P. viburni.

scholarly journals Infection of alternative host plant species by Ustilago maydis

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia G. León-Ramírez ◽  
José Luis Cabrera-Ponce ◽  
Alfredo D. Martínez-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Herrera-Estrella ◽  
Lucila Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Host Plant Species
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