scholarly journals Model and Experimental Characteristics of a Pneumatic Linear Peristaltic Actuator

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Falcão Carneiro ◽  
João Bravo Pinto ◽  
Fernando Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Miranda Fateri
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
High Mechanical Stress

Pneumatic linear peristaltic actuators present several potential advantages over conventional ones such as low cost, virtually unlimited stroke, and an easy implementation of curved motion profiles. However, the body of this type of actuators also suffers from high mechanical stress, leading to a decrease in the hose wall thickness, which leads to increased leakages between chambers. One way to potentially minimize this problem is to impose the force instead of the displacement between rollers. This paper describes the model and experimental characteristics of a new prototype of a linear pneumatic peristaltic actuator where either the force or the displacement between rollers can be imposed. Namely, experimental friction characteristics and the leakage between chambers are determined in the configuration where the force between rollers is imposed. Lastly, a third-order linear model is experimentally identified. Therefore, this study establishes the basis for future research focused on the service life and leakage obtained whenever the force between rollers is imposed.

scholarly journals Estudio piloto para la valoración del equilibrio en mujeres adultas con un elemento cinemático (Balance assessment in adult women with a cinematic element: a pilot study)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raquel Leirós Rodríguez ◽  
Mª Elena Arce Fariña ◽  
José Luis García Soidán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Wide Range

En este trabajo se valora el equilibrio a través de una amplia gama de condiciones de valoración cinemáticas para poder contrastarlos posteriormente con pruebas de equilibrio vigentes en la práctica clínica. Todo ello con el objetivo de conseguir una medida holística del equilibrio e identificar con mayor fiabilidad qué sistemas subyacentes están más presentes en cada una de las pruebas. Se valoraron un total de 30 mujeres con una media de edad de 63.07 años (DT = 6.06) con un instrumento de medición cinemático triaxial a la altura de la apófisis espinosa de L4 durante la realización de diferentes pruebas de equilibrio estático y dinámico. Los resultados mostraron que a medida que las tareas solicitadas aumentaban en complejidad, las variaciones de velocidad se hacían más amplias y complejas. A su vez, se encontraron correlaciones con la edad y el resultado obtenido previamente en la prueba Timed Up & Go, lo que confirma la correspondencia entre las variaciones de velocidad del tronco y el estado de los sistemas de control postural. Este instrumento se ha reafirmado como una herramienta de valoración única por su capacidad de reconocer y registrar el comportamiento natural del cuerpo en combinación con su bajo coste. Ambos aspectos lo hacen potencialmente útil en la práctica clínica de diferentes especialidades médicas. Ampliar la muestra del estudio así como cotejar los datos extraídos de las mediciones cinemáticas con otras variables fisiológicas y antropométricas, se sugieren como posibles mejoras en investigaciones futuras.Abstract. This paper assesses the balance through a wide range of kinematic conditions assessment for later compare them with existing balance tests in clinical practice. The goal was to achieve a holistic measure of balance and more reliably identify what underlying systems are present in each of the tests. A total of 30 women with a mean age of 63.07 years (SD = 6.06) were evaluated with a triaxial instrument at the height of the spinous process of L4 while performing different tests of static and dynamic balance kinematic measurement. The results showed that as the required tasks increased in complexity, speed variations became larger and more complex. In turn, correlations were found with age and the result obtained previously in the Timed Up & Go test, confirming the correspondence between the velocity variations of the trunk and the state of postural control systems. This instrument has been reaffirmed as a single assessment tool for its ability to recognize and record the natural behavior of the body in combination with low cost. Both aspects make it potentially useful in clinical practice in different medical specialties. Larger study sample and collate data from the kinematic measurements with other physiological and anthropometric variables are suggested as possible improvements in future research.

scholarly journals Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ou ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xianning Xu ◽  
Lili Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Performance

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

scholarly journals Improving Endurance of Pneumatic Linear Peristaltic Actuators

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
João Falcão Carneiro ◽  
João Bravo Pinto ◽  
Fernando Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Miranda Fateri
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Life Time ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One ◽  
High Mechanical Stress ◽  
Life Behavior

Pneumatic linear peristaltic actuators can offer some potential advantages when compared with conventional ones. Low cost, virtually unlimited stroke and easy implementation of curved motion profiles are among those benefits. On the downside, these actuators suffer high mechanical stress, which leads to short endurance and increased leakage between chambers during the actuator lifetime. This paper contributes to this field by experimentally characterizing the life behavior of a prototype of a linear pneumatic peristaltic actuator where force—instead of displacement—between rollers is imposed. It is shown that the use of an imposed force configuration has a significant impact in the actuator life time. In fact, the proposed actuator configuration has an average endurance of up to 250% higher than the one previously presented in the literature. This result was obtained while maintaining almost zero leakage between chambers, despite the hose wear throughout the service life. Finally, this paper explores the use of different hose geometries to increase the actuator life span. To this end, a preliminary study is presented where two different 3D printed hose cross sections are tested and compared with a circular one.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

scholarly journals Music, Politics, and History: An Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
David Kennerley
Keyword(s):  
Sound Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Music And Politics ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMusic has been steadily rising up the historical agenda, a product of the emergence of sound studies, the history of the senses, and a mood of interdisciplinary curiosity. This introductory article offers a critical review of how the relationship between music and politics has featured in extant historical writing, from classic works of political history to the most recent scholarship. It begins by evaluating different approaches that historians have taken to music, summarizes the important shifts in method that have recently taken place, and advocates for a performance-centered, contextualized framework that is attentive to the distinctive features of music as a medium. The second half examines avenues for future research into the historical connections between music and politics, focusing on four thematic areas—the body, emotions, space, and memory—and closes with some overarching reflections on music's use as a tool of power, as well as a challenge to it. Although for reasons of cohesion, this short article focuses primarily on scholarship on Britain and Ireland in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, its discussion of theory and methods is intended to be applicable to the study of music and political culture across a broad range of periods and geographies.

scholarly journals Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽  
Birsen Yılmaz ◽  
Duygu Ağagündüz ◽  
Raffaele Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Immune System Modulation ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

scholarly journals A Survey on Deep Learning Based Methods and Datasets for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Seong-heum Kim ◽  
Youngbae Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Object ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Sensors ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
3D Object Detection

Owing to recent advancements in deep learning methods and relevant databases, it is becoming increasingly easier to recognize 3D objects using only RGB images from single viewpoints. This study investigates the major breakthroughs and current progress in deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection. For relatively low-cost data acquisition systems without depth sensors or cameras at multiple viewpoints, we first consider existing databases with 2D RGB photos and their relevant attributes. Based on this simple sensor modality for practical applications, deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection methods that overcome significant research challenges are categorized and summarized. We present the key concepts and detailed descriptions of representative single-stage and multiple-stage detection solutions. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of the detection models on their baseline benchmarks. Finally, we explore several directions for future research on monocular 3D object detection.

scholarly journals Low-temperature-processed metal oxide electron transport layers for efficient planar perovskite solar cells

Rare Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Xing Song ◽  
Xin-Xing Yin ◽  
Zai-Fang Li ◽  
Yao-Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Temperature Preparation

Abstract As a promising photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have developed rapidly over the past few years and the highest power conversion efficiency is beyond 25%. Nowadays, the planar structure is universally popular in pero-SCs due to the simple processing technology and low-temperature preparation. Electron transport layer (ETL) is verified to play a vital role in the device performance of planar pero-SCs. Particularly, the metal oxide (MO) ETL with low-cost, superb versatility, and excellent optoelectronic properties has been widely studied. This review mainly focuses on recent developments in the use of low-temperature-processed MO ETLs for planar pero-SCs. The optical and electronic properties of widely used MO materials of TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2, as well as the optimizations of these MO ETLs are briefly introduced. The commonly used methods for depositing MO ETLs are also discussed. Then, the applications of different MO ETLs on pero-SCs are reviewed. Finally, the challenge and future research of MO-based ETLs toward practical application of efficient planar pero-SCs are proposed. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Khawar Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hadeed Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document