scholarly journals Stage Specificity, the Dynamic Regulators and the Unique Orchid Arundina graminifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10935
Author(s):  
Sagheer Ahmad ◽  
Chuqiao Lu ◽  
Yonglu Wei ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Jianpeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stage Specificity ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes ◽  
Arundina Graminifolia ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Orchid Flower

Orchids take years to reach flowering, but the unique bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia) achieves reproductive maturity in six months and then keeps on year round flowering. Therefore, studying different aspects of its growth, development and flowering is key to boost breeding programs for orchids. This study uses transcriptome tools to discuss genetic regulation in five stages of flower development and four tissue types. Stage specificity was focused to distinguish genes specifically expressed in different stages of flower development and tissue types. The top 10 highly expressed genes suggested unique regulatory patterns for each stage or tissue. The A. graminifolia sequences were blasted in Arabidopsis genome to validate stage specific genes and to predict important hormonal and cell regulators. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules were ascertained to suggest highly influential hubs for early and late stages of flower development, leaf and root. Hormonal regulators were abundant in all data sets, such as auxin (LAX2, GH3.1 and SAUR41), cytokinin (LOG1), gibberellin (GASA3 and YAB4), abscisic acid (DPBF3) and sucrose (SWEET4 and SWEET13). Findings of this study, thus, give a fine sketch of genetic variability in Orchidaceae and broaden our understanding of orchid flower development and the involvement of multiple pathways.

scholarly journals Adaptation assessment of drought tolerance in maize populations from the Sahara in both shores of the Mediterranean Sea

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Main Stress ◽  
And Control

AbstractDrought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for improving yield and biomass production under drought conditions in temperate environments. A collection of maize populations from Saharan oases was evaluated under drought and control conditions in Spain and Algeria. Algerian populations were significantly different under drought for most traits, and the significant genotype × environment interactions indicated that drought tolerance is genotype-dependent, but tolerance differences among genotypes change across environments. Based on yield, the Algerian maize populations PI527474, PI527478, PI527472, PI527467, PI527470, and PI527473 would be appropriate sources of drought tolerance for temperate environments. Concerning biomass production, the most interesting populations were PI527467, PI542685, PI527478, and PI527472. These Saharan populations could provide favorable alleles for drought tolerance for temperate breeding programs, and could also be used for studying mechanisms and genetic regulation of drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetics of Germination and Seedling Traits under Drought Stress in a MAGIC Population of Maize

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Soumeya Rida ◽  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Ana López-Malvar ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Meriem Riache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Magic Population

Drought is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses hampering seed germination, development, and productivity. Maize is more sensitive to drought than other cereals, especially at seedling stage. Our objective was to study genetic regulation of drought tolerance at germination and during seedling growth in maize. We evaluated 420 RIL with their parents from a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population with PEG-induced drought at germination and seedling establishment. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out to identify genomic regions associated with drought tolerance. GWAS identified 28 and 16 SNPs significantly associated with germination and seedling traits under stress and well-watered conditions, respectively. Among the SNPs detected, two SNPs had significant associations with several traits with high positive correlations, suggesting a pleiotropic genetic control. Other SNPs were located in regions that harbored major QTLs in previous studies, and co-located with QTLs for cold tolerance previously published for this MAGIC population. The genomic regions comprised several candidate genes related to stresses and plant development. These included numerous drought-responsive genes and transcription factors implicated in germination, seedling traits, and drought tolerance. The current analyses provide information and tools for subsequent studies and breeding programs for improving drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Oviposition preference and larval performance of sugarcane borer in eight sugarcane genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vieira Pimentel ◽  
Adriano Cirino Tomaz ◽  
Bruno Portela Brasileiro ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Peternelli ◽  
Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Late Stages

ABSTRACT The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important pests of sugarcane in the Americas. The purpose of this study was to assess multiple resistance traits in eight sugarcane genotypes against D. saccharalis, including five commercial cultivars and three exotic germplasm with potential to serve as resistance sources against this pest. The oviposition preference was assessed by using both free-choice and non-choice tests. The performance of both early stage larvae feeding on the leaves and late stages larvae feeding within the stalks were also assessed. There were differences among genotypes for number of both eggs and egg cluster in the free-choice test while no differences in non-choice test were observed. There were also differences in survival of early stage larvae feeding on the leaves, foliar injury rating and stalk damage. The genotype IM76-228 was the least preferred for oviposition and it seems that leaf width had some influence on adults’ preference rather than greening of the leaves. IM76-228 and RB867515 causes higher mortality of early stage larvae feeding in the stalks while IM76-228 and RB985523 had lower damage in both leaves and stalks. The genotype IM76-228 was the most resistant to D. saccharalis and could serve as genes sources for resistance in sugarcane breeding programs.

The genetic foundation of fitness and reproduction traits in Australian pig populations. 2. Relationships between weaning to conception interval, farrowing interval, stayability, and other common reproduction and production traits.

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Tholen ◽  
KL Bunter ◽  
S Hermesch ◽  
HU Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

Data sets from 2 large Australian piggeries were used to estimate genetic parameters for the traits weaning to conception interval (WCIi-l,i) and farrowing interval (FIi-l,i), number born alive (NBAI), average piglet birthweight (BWi), 21-day litter weight (W21i), and sow stayability (STAYli) recorded for each ith parity, as well as sow average daily gain (ADG) and backfat (BF) recorded at the end of performance test. Over parities and herds, heritabilities for each trait were in the ranges: WCI/FI, 0.0-0.10; NBA, 0.09-0.16; BW, 0.11-0.35; W21, 0.12-0.23; STAYli, 0.02-0.09; ADG, 0.35-0.37; BF, 0.36-0.45. Genetic correlations between NBAl and NBA from later parities were significantly different from 1. In addition, in 1 herd negative genetic correlations (rg = -0.04 to -0.25) were found between sow stayability traits and NBA1, but not NBA recorded in later parities. Stayability was Unfavourably correlated with ADG and BF, and favourably correlated with WCI12. However, WCI12 was unfavourably correlated genetically with BF (rg = -0.24) but uncorrelated with ADG. Antagonistic relationships also existed between NBA and BW, NBA and W21, and BW and STAY. In addition to the traditional traits currently included in pig-breeding programs (e.g. ADG, BF, and NBA), traits such as WCI, BW, and STAY should also be considered as selection criteria to minimise the detrimental effects of antagonistic genetic relationships between traits.

Dynamics of cell growth and endoreduplication during orchid flower development

Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Ching Lee ◽  
Dah-Wei Chiou ◽  
Wen-Huei Chen ◽  
Albert H Markhart ◽  
Yao-Huang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Orchid Flower

scholarly journals Influence of plant growth regulators on growth, development and yield of rose in winter greenhouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
I. Havris ◽  
V. Romanenko ◽  
O. Voitsekhivska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Rose

Rose flowers are in great demand among the population. The use of growth regulators on the culture of roses allows you to improve the biological properties of varieties, their potential, as well as increase the yield and decorative colors. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the action of plant growth regulators Biolan, Regoplant, Bionur, Bouton, Humisol-H and Zircon on growth, development, decorative qualities, yield dynamics and rose productivity under conditions of modern winter Venlo greenhouses. The study was conducted on plants of a variety of hybrid tea type Avalange of the Netherlands breeding company Lex +. Experimental work was carried out at the farm “Askania-Flora" during 2015-2016. Threefold spraying of plants with growth regulator solutions was applied: 7 days after planting, during budding and at the beginning of flowering. The control plants were not treated with growth regulating agents. As a result of research, it has been established that growth regulators Bud and Bionur accelerated the formation of flowering shoots and the time for slamming on plants, shortened the period of bud appearance and flower development. Established a different effect of preparats on the dynamics of the arrival of the crop by month. The influence of growth regulators Biolan, Bionur and Bud on the increase in total yield, plant productivity and decorative qualities of the rose flower has been determined. The results obtained should be taken into account when laying rose stands in winter greenhouses to regulate growth processes, plant development and increase crop yields.

scholarly journals Cereal inflorescence: features of morphology, development and genetic regulation of morphogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-775
Author(s):  
O. B. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
A. E. Dresvyannikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Cereals (Poaceae Barnh.) are the largest family of monocotyledonous flowering plants growing on all continents and constituting a significant part of Earth's many ecological communities. The Poaceae includes many important crops, such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, and rye. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cereal inflorescences are directly related to yield and are determined by the features of inflorescence development. This review considers modern concepts of the morphology, development and genetic mechanisms regulating the cereal inflorescence development. A common feature of cereal inflorescences is a spikelet, a reduced branch that bears florets with a similar structure and common scheme of development in all cereals. The length and the structure of the main axis, the presence and type of lateral branches cause a great variety of cereal inflorescences. Complex cereal inflorescences are formed from meristems of several types. The transition from the activity of one meristem to another is a multi-step process. The genes involved in the control of the cereal inflorescence development have been identified using mutants (mainly maize and rice) with altered inflorescence and floret morphology; most of these genes regulate the initiation and fate of meristems. The presence of some genetic mechanisms in cereals confirms the models previously discovered in dicotyledonous plants; on the other hand, there are cereal-specific developmental processes that are controlled by new modules of genetic regulation, in particular, associated with the formation of a branched inflorescence. An important aspect is the presence of quantitative variability of traits under the control of developmental genes, which is a prerequisite for the use of weak alleles contributing to the variability of plant growth and yield in breeding programs (for example, genes of the CLAVATA signaling pathway).

scholarly journals Genetic regulation of flower development

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Vijayraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation

scholarly journals Pattern Analysis of Genotype Adaptation and Genotype x Environment Interactions in the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shorter ◽  
R. O. Hammons
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Regional Adaptation ◽  
Harvest Strategy

Abstract Genotype x environment (g x e) interactions can confound comparisons among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in multi-environment genotype trials. Herein g x e interactions in two data sets constructed from the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests (UPPT) over the period 1973–1978 were examined. Numerical classification and ordination techniques were used to examine genotype adaptation and environmental groupings. Because of the harvest strategy adopted in specific trials, maturity differences among genotypes may have influenced genotype yields and rankings in these trials. For example in trials harvested 151–176 days after planting, Early Bunch yielded 951 kg ha-1 less than the average of Florunner, Tifrun and UF 714021. Conversely in trials harvested 129–141 days after planting, Early Bunch was 700 kg ha-1 higher yielding than the average of Florunner, Tifrun and UF 714021. Our results suggest that entries in UPPT trials be harvested in order of their maturities where such maturity differences are known. In any year, performance of new lines should be compared jointly with that of a number of standard genotypes as performance of any one standard may not be indicative of its long term average. There was a degree of regional adaptation of certain genotypes in that, relative to other genotypes, Florigiant performed poorly and Florunner well in southeastern United States environments. However an environmental classification based on g x e interaction effects indicated that, over all genotypes, there were no temporal or closely related regional groups of environments with similar g x e interactions. No evidence was found that genotypes from different breeding programs had substantially different environmental adaptation responses.

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