scholarly journals Genetic regulation of flower development

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Vijayraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation

scholarly journals Stage Specificity, the Dynamic Regulators and the Unique Orchid Arundina graminifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10935
Author(s):  
Sagheer Ahmad ◽  
Chuqiao Lu ◽  
Yonglu Wei ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Jianpeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stage Specificity ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes ◽  
Arundina Graminifolia ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Orchid Flower

Orchids take years to reach flowering, but the unique bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia) achieves reproductive maturity in six months and then keeps on year round flowering. Therefore, studying different aspects of its growth, development and flowering is key to boost breeding programs for orchids. This study uses transcriptome tools to discuss genetic regulation in five stages of flower development and four tissue types. Stage specificity was focused to distinguish genes specifically expressed in different stages of flower development and tissue types. The top 10 highly expressed genes suggested unique regulatory patterns for each stage or tissue. The A. graminifolia sequences were blasted in Arabidopsis genome to validate stage specific genes and to predict important hormonal and cell regulators. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules were ascertained to suggest highly influential hubs for early and late stages of flower development, leaf and root. Hormonal regulators were abundant in all data sets, such as auxin (LAX2, GH3.1 and SAUR41), cytokinin (LOG1), gibberellin (GASA3 and YAB4), abscisic acid (DPBF3) and sucrose (SWEET4 and SWEET13). Findings of this study, thus, give a fine sketch of genetic variability in Orchidaceae and broaden our understanding of orchid flower development and the involvement of multiple pathways.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-mediated regulation of flower development in grasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Smoczynska ◽  
Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organ Identity Genes

Flower structure in grasses is very unique. There are no petals or sepals like in eudicots but instead flowers develop bract-like structures –palea and lemma. Reproductive organs are enclosed by round lodicule that not only protects reproductive organs but also play important role during flower opening. First genetic model for floral organ development was proposed 25 years ago and it was based on the research on model eudicots. Since then studies have been made to answer the question whether this model could be applicable in case of monocots. Genes from all found in eudicots classes have been also indentified in genomes of such monocots like rice, maize or barley. What’s more it seems that miRNA-mediated regulation of floral organ genes that was observed in case of Arabidopsis thaliana also has a place in monocots. MiRNA172, miRNA159, miRNA171 and miRNA396 regulate expression of floral organ identity genes in barley, rice and maize affecting various features of flower structure from formation of lemma and palea to development of reproductive organs. Model of floral development in grasses and its genetic regulation in not yet fully characterized. Further studies on both model eudicots and grasses are needed to unravel this topic. This review provides general overview of genetic model of flower organ identity specification in monocots and it’s miRNA-mediated regulation.

Genetic regulation of maize flower development and sex determination

Planta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglin Li ◽  
Baoshen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation

scholarly journals Delineating the genetic regulation of cannabinoid biosynthesis during female flower development in Cannabis sativa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Apicella ◽  
Lauren Sands ◽  
Yi Ma ◽  
Gerald A Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Rate Limit

Cannabinoids are predominantly produced in the glandular trichomes on cannabis female flowers. There is little known on how cannabinoid biosynthesis is regulated during female flower development. We aim to understand the rate-limiting step(s) in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the transcript levels of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes as well as cannabinoid contents during 7 weeks of female flower development. We demonstrated that the enzymatic steps for producing CBG, which involve genes GPPS, PT and OAC, could be rate limit cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings further suggest that cannabinoid synthases, CBDAS and THCAS in a hemp and medical marijuana variety respectively, are not critical for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The cannabinoid biosynthetic genes are generally upregulated during flower maturation, which indicate glandular trichome development. MeJA can potentially increase cannabinoid production. We propose that biweekly application of 100 μM MeJA staring from flower initiation would be efficacious for promoting cannabinoid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Building a Flower: The Influence of Cell Wall Composition on Flower Development and Reproduction

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
José Erik Cruz-Valderrama ◽  
Judith Jazmin Bernal-Gallardo ◽  
Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo ◽  
Stefan de Folter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Main Components ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Wall Components

Floral patterning is a complex task. Various organs and tissues must be formed to fulfill reproductive functions. Flower development has been studied, mainly looking for master regulators. However, downstream changes such as the cell wall composition are relevant since they allow cells to divide, differentiate, and grow. In this review, we focus on the main components of the primary cell wall—cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins—to describe how enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, modifications, and degradation of cell wall components are related to the formation of the floral organs. Additionally, internal and external stimuli participate in the genetic regulation that modulates the activity of cell wall remodeling proteins.

Phenotypic dissection of bone mineral density facilitates the identification of skeletal site specificity on the genetic regulation of bone

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kemp John ◽  
Medina-Gomez Carolina ◽  
Estrada Karol ◽  
H M Heppe Denise ◽  
M Zillikens Carola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Site

Principal component-derived bone density phenotypes and genetic regulation of the pediatric skeleton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mitchell ◽  
Alessandra Chesi ◽  
Shana McCormack ◽  
Diana Cousminer ◽  
Heidi Kalkwarf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Principal Component
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