scholarly journals Application of Nano-Drug Delivery System Based on Cascade Technology in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5698
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xiaoli Ma ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cascade Reactions ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Good Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

In the current cancer treatment, various combination therapies have been widely used, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with chemokinetic therapy (CDT). However, due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the limitations of treatment, the efficacy of current treatment options for some cancers is unsatisfactory. Nowadays, cascade technology has been used in cancer treatment and achieved good therapeutic effect. Cascade technology based on nanotechnology can trigger cascade reactions under specific tumor conditions to achieve precise positioning and controlled release, or amplify the efficacy of each drug to improve anticancer efficacy and reduce side effects. Compared with the traditional treatment, the application of cascade technology has achieved the controllability, specificity, and effectiveness of cancer treatment. This paper reviews the application of cascade technology in drug delivery, targeting, and release via nano-drug delivery systems in recent years, and introduces their application in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer treatment. Finally, we briefly describe the current challenges and prospects of cascade technology in cancer treatment in the future.

Nano Drug Delivery in Treatment of Oral Cancer, A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandita Kakkar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Verma ◽  
Komal Saini ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Hereditary Disorders

Oral Cancer (OC) is a serious and growing problem which constitutes a huge burden on people in more and less economically developed countries alike. The scenario is clearly depicted from the increase in the expected number of new cases in the US diagnosed with OC from 49,670 people in 2016, to 49,750 cases in 2017. The situation is even more alarming in India, with 75,000 to 80,000 new cases being reported every year, thus making it the OC capital of the world. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, discoid lupus erythmatosus, hereditary disorders such as dyskeratosis congenital and epidermolisys bullosa are highlighted by WHO expert working group as the predisposing factors increasing the risk of OC. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol, genetic factors, and human papilloma virus are assigned as the factors contributing to the aetiology of OC. On the other hand, pathogenesis of OC involves not only apoptosis but also pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. Inspite of current treatment options (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), OC is often associated with recurrence and formation of secondary primary tumours resulting in poor overall survival rates (∼50%). The intervention of nano technology-based drug delivery systems as therapeutics for cancers is often viewed as a cutting edge for technologists. Though ample literature on the usefulness of nano-coutured cancer therapeutics, rarely any product is in pipeline. Yet, despite all the hype about nanotechnology, there are few ongoing trials. This review discusses the current and future trends of nano-based drug delivery for the treatment of OC.

scholarly journals The Use of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology to Study and Create Cancer Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Kennedy ◽  
Jeffrey O. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetic Abnormality ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Prime Target

Genetic disorders are the result of abnormalities that arise in the human genome at birth or through postnatal random genetic change. These abnormalities can also increase the risk for developing other diseases such as cancerous cell growth. Traditional treatment for genetic disorders has focused on alleviation of symptoms to increase patient welfare rather than treating the root cause, the genetic abnormality. As genetic editing technologies are developed and refined, the prospect of correcting the abnormal genetic sequence is becoming realistic. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has made it possible for researchers to respond to genetic abnormalities quickly by cutting and replacing the abnormal sequence to then contain a healthy sequence and potentially reverse the abnormal phenotype. Cancer, a disease based on genetic dysfunction, is a prime target for genetic editing. Often treated with debilitating radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, the use of genetic editing has the potential to revolutionize current treatment options. This review will discuss the current outlook of cancer and its treatment with a focus on how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit immunotherapy options that clinicians currently possess. Furthermore, potential dangers of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and consequences of the system and its unethical use will be discussed. Finally, there will be an evaluation on the future of how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used in medicine.

scholarly journals Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Sawant ◽  
Suyash M. Patil ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.

Recent Progress of Nano-drug Delivery System for Liver Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feilong Zhou ◽  
Fangfang Teng ◽  
Peizong Deng ◽  
Ning Meng ◽  
Zhimei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Challenges towards Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Nanomedicines

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem Hafeez ◽  
Christian Celia ◽  
Vilma Petrikaite
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Properties

Despite cancer nanomedicine celebrates already thirty years since its introduction, together with the achievements and progress in cancer treatment area, it still undergoes serious disadvantages that must be addressed. Since the first observation that macromolecules tend to accumulate in tumor tissue due to fenestrated endothelial of vasculature, considered as the “royal gate” in drug delivery field, more than dozens of nanoformulations have been approved and introduced into the practice for cancer treatment. Lipid, polymeric, and hybrid nanocarriers are biocompatible nano-drug delivery systems (NDDs) having suitable physicochemical properties and modulate payload release in response to specific chemical or physical stimuli. Biopharmaceutical properties of NDDs and their efficacy in animal models and humans can significantly affect their impact and perspective in nanomedicine. One of the future directions could be focusing on personalized cancer treatment, considering the heterogeneity and complexity of each patient tumor tissue and the designing of multifunctional targeted NDDs combining synthetic nanomaterials and biological components, like cellular membranes, circulating proteins, RNAi/DNAi, which enforce the efficacy of NDDs and boost their therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Prodrug-based nano-drug delivery system for co-encapsulate paclitaxel and carboplatin for lung cancer treatment

Drug Delivery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2575-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Changzheng Li ◽  
Chengwu Shen ◽  
Yuguo Liu ◽  
Xiaoting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Layer-by-Layer assembled nano-drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

Drug Delivery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-669
Author(s):  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Tianying Liang ◽  
Qingming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Liposomal Formulations In Cancer Therapy: Passive Versus Active Targeting

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Tosha Pandya ◽  
Kaushika Kaushika Patel ◽  
Rudree Pathak ◽  
Shreeraj Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Liposomal Drug ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Liposomal Drug Delivery

In Cancer therapy, Nano drug delivery system comprising of Liposomes, are the most successful mode of treatment in present scenario which also has real time clinical application. Recently it is found that the closed bilayer phospholipid vesicles have many technical advantages over the initially used liposomal formulations. The delivery of therapeutics encapsulated in liposomes changes the biological distribution profile and improves the drug therapeutic indices of various drugs. This review article throws light onto many clinical liposomal drug delivery products. The liposome Nano drug delivery by the active and passive targeting is a boon as it can reduce the off-targeting effects. The current development is more focused on the diagnostic and clinical applications. Receptor targeted delivery systems are extensively explored for active targeting. However, these delivery systems are rarely seen in the clinical application because of conjugation chemistry and other implicit hurdles to develop this system.The development of nanocarriers in the cancer treatment have enormous potential in the medical field. Moreover, Immuno liposomes have been used in cancer treatment as attractive drug targeting vehicles. On the other hand, there are many other liposomal drug delivery systems having passive targeting mechanism for cancer treatment which are widely used due to enhanced retention and permeability of formulation. This review majorly focuses on the current challenges encountered in development of liposomal Nano drug delivery systems and its effective development for cancer treatment.

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